CN115316514A - 一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品 - Google Patents
一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115316514A CN115316514A CN202210940949.4A CN202210940949A CN115316514A CN 115316514 A CN115316514 A CN 115316514A CN 202210940949 A CN202210940949 A CN 202210940949A CN 115316514 A CN115316514 A CN 115316514A
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- fermentation
- fermented
- chicken
- vitamin
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品,其配方包括原料部分和添加剂部分;其中原料部分:按质量百分比,包括鲜鸡肉25%,鸡肉粉16%,发酵鸡胸肉8%,发酵木薯5.2%,发酵大豆5%,鸡油5%,亚麻籽油5%,蔓越莓、苹果、胡萝卜复合发酵水果蔬菜2%,鸡心2%,鸡肝粉1%,苜蓿草1.5%,酵母提取物0.3%。发酵原料根据原材料不同采用相应的复合菌酶协同发酵方式,是宠物食品中首次同时使用发酵肉源和发酵果蔬食材的宠物主粮,发酵的目的是给原料进行一次体外预消化过程,使其具有降低致敏性、高消化率、高适口性以及对改善宠物肠道健康等特征。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于宠物食品技术领域,涉及一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品。
背景技术
发酵食品目前主要用于人的食品上,在中国的商周时代就有了最早的发酵食品之一——酒。发酵食品主要分为五类:1、奶制品类, 如奶酪、 酸奶等; 3、果蔬发酵类,如葡萄酒、酸菜、泡菜等;4、豆制品类,如臭豆腐、腐乳、酱油、豆豉等;5、谷物发酵类:如醋、米酒、啤酒、高粱酒等。目前在动物上使用较多的发酵食品主要是奶制品、发酵豆粕以及酵母发酵后的代谢产物。发酵食品主要有三部分组成:发酵底物、发酵容器和发酵剂(微生物等),动物食品发酵同样如此。发酵食品在动物饲料上的应用主要是发酵豆粕和奶制品,其中奶制品主要用在宠物零食上,其制备工艺与人用奶制品接近,而发酵豆粕的使用体量较大且是专门针对动物饲料的一种发酵技术。发酵豆粕用于动物饲料的主要意义在于:1、被益生菌发酵后的豆粕可以降解或者钝化抗营养因子(蛋白酶抑制因子、凝聚素、植酸、脲酶)以及抗性淀粉;2、发酵后的豆粕一般会产生大量益生菌和益生菌代谢产物来改善肠道菌群提高消化率。目前发酵技术按发酵形式来区分,可以分为固态发酵和液体深层发酵。其中固态发酵豆粕目前在动物饲料上应用比较广泛,一种高效的蛋白来源。
宠粮的主要原料成分包括鲜肉、冻肉、肉粉、肉骨粉、蛋类、奶制品、谷物、豆类、果蔬等几十种原料,猫是严格的肉食动物,体内缺乏纤维素酶、淀粉酶等消化碳水的酶,对淀粉等碳水的消化率较低,不适合进食含大量淀粉的食物,而目前猫粮(膨化粮)由于膨化工艺的限制,需要在生产过程中添加含淀粉的来成型,所以猫粮一般会含有10%以上的的淀粉,即含有植物原料,而植物原料里的植物蛋白、抗营养因子粗纤维以及淀粉(尤其是抗性淀粉)在一定程度会增加猫的消化吸收负担,是目前猫粮的痛点之一,解决该痛点需要从多个角度出发。目前膨化粮的消化率解决方法主要有以下方式:第一步,降低膨化粮里淀粉含量增加动物蛋白含量能够有效改善消化率;第二步,增加动物蛋白的基础上,要选择优质蛋白,减少动物胶、动物皮、筋膜等难消化的比例;第三步,动物蛋白可以用蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶)等进行体外酶解来增加消化率。目前改善膨化粮消化率的方式主要通过提高肉类原料质量和降低植物原料的比例,而针对膨化粮里的植物原料处理则较为少见。关于植物原料的体外预消化方式主要有酶解和发酵两种方式,首先是酶解,植物原料酶解使用的主要酶有纤维素酶、蛋白酶等、果胶酶、淀粉酶等,酶解反应条件温和,不过酶本身也是蛋白质不宜大量使用酶解原料,且部分植物原料中半纤维素、纤维素和木质素三种成分组成的结构会一定程度降低酶解的效率,部分酶价格较高若大量使用会造成产品成本过高;其次是发酵,发酵需要特定的菌种例如片球菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、乳杆菌、粪肠球菌等,少量添加即可完成发酵,发酵底物也是多样化,例如大米、小米、豆类、块茎类、奶制品等。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品。
一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品,其配方包括原料部分和添加剂部分;
其中原料部分:按质量百分比,包括鲜鸡肉25%,鸡肉粉16%,发酵鸡胸肉8%,发酵木薯5.2%,发酵大豆5%,鸡油5%,亚麻籽油5%,蔓越莓、苹果、胡萝卜复合发酵水果蔬菜2%,鸡心2%,鸡肝粉1%,苜蓿草1.5%,酵母提取物0.3%。
所述的添加剂部分根据国标和AAFCO标准添加,按质量百分比,包括氯化钠0.5%,氯化钾0.4%,鱼油0.6%,氯化胆碱0.2%,维生素A0.0017%,维生素D30.0003%,dl-α-生育酚0.0192%,维生素B10.0029%,维生素B20.0036%,维生素B50.0073%,维生素B30.0289%,维生素B60.0024%,维生素B90.0005%,维生素B120.0014%,硫酸亚铁0.0497%,硫酸铜0.0115%,硫酸锰0.0062%,硫酸锌0.0656%,碘酸钙0.0005%, 亚硒酸钠0.0042%,硫酸钴0.0007%,牛磺酸0.1917%,维生素B70.0017%,丙酸钙0.15%,迷迭香提取物0.1%,丝兰提取物0.1%。
所述的一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品,采用菌酶协同发酵工艺,鸡肉切割成长2cm,宽2cm,厚度1cm,发酵时间72h,发酵温度14℃,发酵pH 值5.5-6.0 ,发酵菌种为戊糖乳杆菌和肉糖葡萄球菌,胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶复合蛋白酶200U/g,食盐添加量1%,葡萄糖添加量1.5%。
所述的发酵木薯发酵时间72h,发酵温度25℃,发酵pH 值5.5,发酵菌种为乳酸菌。
所述的发酵大豆发酵时间48h,发酵温度25℃,发酵pH 值6,发酵水分40-50%,发酵菌种为布拉迪酵母菌。
所述的复合发酵水果蔬菜水分40%、发酵温度30℃、发酵pH值6.5,发酵时间48h,发酵菌种为鼠李糖乳酸菌。
所述的制备方法,发酵后的原料在制备猫粮的过程中需要需要经过高温120℃灭菌,制备成猫粮灌装完毕后需要进行辐照,辐照装置为电子加速器辐照,辐照剂量千戈瑞(3kGy),2.5小时。
本发明的有益效果:
该产品是宠物食品中首次同时使用发酵肉源和发酵果蔬食材的宠物主粮,发酵难消化的豆类木薯果蔬等植物原料有助于降解植物原料里的抗营养因子和果胶等物质,同时能够把大分子的植物蛋白分解成小分子肽,使其更容易消化,发酵对猫致敏率较高的动物蛋白牛肉有助于降低牛肉的致敏性,增加游离氨基酸以及牛肉的保质期,综合来说,发酵产物具有降低致敏性、高消化率、高适口性以及对改善宠物肠道健康等有益效果。
本发明控制了发酵后膨化粮的pH值以及微生物数量,很好地解决猫粮中淀粉、粗纤维、植物蛋白难消化以及部分原料致敏率高的问题,并且减少甚至消除植物原料的抗营养因子,所以能够解决猫粮市场上的消化问题的行业痛点,具有广阔的市场应用前景。
附图说明
图1是发酵前后大豆的对比图。
图2是 大豆发酵前后扫描电镜图;
其中,发酵前左部分,发酵后右部分。
图3是不同发酵时间的木薯粉形态。
图4是淀粉酶对不同发酵时间乳酸含量的影响。
图5是不同菌种发酵后对果蔬的形态影响。
图6是不同菌对发酵果蔬pH值的影响。
图7是不同菌对发酵果蔬糖度的影响。
图8是不同猫粮对比图;
其中左边是对照组未发酵猫粮A,右边是发酵组猫粮B。
其中左边对照猫粮A(无发酵原料),右边为发酵猫粮B(添加发酵原料)。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述。实施例中百分比(%),如无特别说明,且没有矛盾,皆为质量百分比。
实施例1、不同发酵时间对鸡肉发酵效果的影响
基本方案一:鸡胸肉切割成长2cm,宽2cm,厚度1cm,发酵时间48h,发酵温度14℃,发酵pH 值5.5-6.0 ,发酵菌种为戊糖乳杆菌和肉糖葡萄球菌,复合蛋白酶200U/g(胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶等比例混合,即1:1:1),食盐添加量1%,葡萄糖添加量1.5%。基本方案二:鸡胸肉切割成长2cm,宽2cm,厚度1cm,发酵时间72h,发酵温度14℃,发酵pH 值5.5-6.0 ,发酵菌种为戊糖乳杆菌和肉糖葡萄球菌,复合蛋白酶200U/g(胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶),食盐添加量1%,葡萄糖添加量1.5%。
基本方案三:鸡胸肉切割成长2cm,宽2cm,厚度1cm,发酵时间96h,发酵温度14℃,发酵pH 值5.5-6.0 ,发酵菌种为戊糖乳杆菌和肉糖葡萄球菌,复合蛋白酶200U/g(胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶),食盐添加量1%,葡萄糖添加量1.5%。
试验步骤:鸡胸肉解冻切丁之后与发酵菌种戊糖乳杆菌和肉糖葡萄球菌混合均匀,接下来加入1%食盐和1.5%的葡萄糖混匀,复合蛋白酶200U/g(胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶),放入发酵罐中进行低温发酵,发酵温度14℃,根据基本发酵方案的时间分成三组,好氧发酵,A组发酵时间48h,B组发酵时间72h,C组发酵时间96h,D组为对照组,原肉切丁不发酵。按照上述参数分别开展,发酵结束后将鸡胸肉平铺在烘干箱进行70-90℃烘干,烘干后进行121℃高温灭菌,灭菌之后对发酵有的肌肉纹理、风味、酸味进行评定,评分标准如下:
肌肉纹理:1分,肌纤维较完整,组织紧密,成形;2分,肌肉纤维部分断裂,组织较松散,基本成形;3分,肌肉纤维完全断裂,组织松散,不成形,2分较为理想。
风味:1分,肉香淡,无异味,但无特殊发酵香味;2分,肉香浓,有较好的发酵香味;3分,肉香淡,有酸败或刺激的气味;2分较为理想。
酸味:1分,过酸,pH值过低(低于5),太酸;2分,酸度适中,pH值适中(5.5左右),接近发酵前pH值,适中;3分,发酵不充分,发酵后无明显变化,例如pH值与发酵后一致。
表格1. 不同发酵时间鸡肉的感官评定
试验结果如表格1所示,发酵时间越久肌肉纹理越少,但72h与96h无明显差别,发酵后的香味也随着发酵时间增加而增加,pH值则是随着发酵时间增加而降低,但根据本试验提供的发酵参数,发酵48h的鸡胸肉pH值(5.5)与对照组(5.8)无明显差别,对于作为猫粮的原料来说,pH值无明显变化是比较合适的,该pH值对适口性以及猫粮的品质可能无明显影响。感官评定来看,发酵时间48h是比较适合作为猫粮原料。值得注意的是,发酵鸡肉工艺属于较成熟的工艺,现在技术水平上能完整制造出符合人食品级的发酵鸡肉,但在猫粮原料上的应用还未普及,所以需要在现有水平上进行一些参数上的微调来做出适合猫粮的发酵鸡肉,尤其是酸碱度上不能跟原肉差别太大。此外,发酵牛肉工艺里添加的1.5%葡萄糖基本在发酵过程中被微生物所利用,所以发酵后的牛肉里基本不含葡萄糖类,对于猫来说是比较友好,若是作为狗粮原料则无需考虑葡萄糖的含量,狗对碳水接受度要高于猫。
实施例2、不同发酵时间对大豆发酵效果的影响
基本方案一:大豆采用粗蛋白含量为45%左右的原料,将原料先经过110℃高压熟化灭菌5s,冷却后添加5%布拉迪酵母菌,控制水分40-50%以内,控制初始pH值为6,厌氧发酵24h,环境温度30℃。
基本方案二:大豆采用粗蛋白含量为45%左右的原料,将大豆先经过110℃高压熟化灭菌5s,冷却后添加5%布拉迪酵母菌,控制水分40-50%以内,控制初始pH值为6,厌氧发酵48h,环境温度30℃。
基本方案三:大豆采用粗蛋白含量为45%左右的原料,将大豆先经过110℃高压熟化灭菌5s,冷却后添加5%布拉迪酵母菌,控制水分40-50%以内,控制初始pH值为6,厌氧发酵72h,环境温度30℃。
试验分组:A组发酵时间24h,B组发酵时间48h,C组发酵时间72h,D组为对照组,原料不发酵。发酵结束后,进行烘干灭菌,然后对抗原蛋白、形态进行评定,评分标准如下:
发酵后形态变化:观察不同参数发酵后的形态变化
抗原蛋白(摄入过多猫易过敏且影响肠道形态):采用大豆球蛋白和豆粕β-伴球蛋白 ELISA 试剂盒来检测两者含量,评估其降解率。
表格2. 不同发酵时间大豆的抗性蛋白降解率
同样发酵大豆工艺也属于较成熟工艺,在畜禽动物上作为原料使用较普遍,能够有效改善畜禽的生长性能和肠胃健康,而在目前没有应用犬猫粮上,为使其更好应用到犬猫粮上,需要微调发酵参数。不同发酵时间的抗性蛋白降解率结果如表2所示,发酵72h之后,大豆球蛋白和β-伴球蛋白的降解率最高,分别是85.4%和87.2%,即发酵时间越久,降解率越高,不过发酵B组发酵48h总体上跟72h发酵结果接近,不过发酵72h后颜色较深,且味道酸涩,A组发酵24h则是发酵不充分。如图1所示,存在影响猫粮适口性的情况,发酵时间越久,滋生细菌的可能性越大,故综上所述,选择降解率以及形态均较好的48h发酵时间。进一步通过SEM观察发现,相比发酵前紧实的状态,发酵48h后的大豆呈现蜂窝状的形态,说明发酵较充分,如图2所示。
实施例3、不同发酵时间对木薯发酵效果的影响
基本方案一:添加淀粉酶,木薯原料采用水分低于5%的木薯粉,将原料先经过110℃高压熟化灭菌5s,冷却后添加1%乳酸菌、15 U/g 的 α-淀粉酶以及1%玉米粉作为氮源,加入水分,控制水分60-70%以内,控制初始pH值为6,厌氧发酵,环境温度25℃,每隔12小时记录乳酸含量,记录6次。
基本方案二:不添加淀粉酶,木薯原料采用水分低于5%的木薯粉,将原料先经过110℃高压熟化灭菌5s,冷却后添加1%乳酸菌、1%玉米粉作为氮源,加入水分,控制水分60-70%以内,控制初始pH值为6,厌氧发酵,环境温度25℃,每隔12小时记录乳酸含量,记录6次。
发酵结束后,进行烘干灭菌,然后对乳酸、形态进行评定。
如图3所示,烘干后的发酵木薯随着时间增加,其颜色也越来越深,发酵24h和48h质地跟对照组较接近都偏向白色,发酵72后开始明显加深,木薯粉质地也随时间变得更加松散,可能跟淀粉和蛋白质变成小分子有关。乳酸含量体现了乳酸菌对底物的发酵效率,乳酸越高发酵越充分,添加15 U/g 的 α-淀粉酶能够有效提高前期的发酵效率,但在72h以后两组的乳酸菌含量可能会趋于接近的状态,且72h和84h的乳酸无明显差别,如图4所示。考虑到发酵时间过长容易造成杂菌滋生影响整体的安全性,同时随着时间增加乳酸菌发酵效率也会降低,所以选择72h作为最终发酵时间。
实施例4、不同发酵菌种对果蔬发酵效果的影响
基本方案一:果蔬原料组成:50%胡萝卜粉、40%苹果粉、10%蔓越莓干粉,将果蔬粉先经过110℃高压熟化灭菌20min,冷却后添加1%鼠李糖乳酸菌,控制水分50-60%以内,控制初始pH值为6.5左右,厌氧发酵48h,每隔6h检测发酵果蔬酸度,环境温度30℃。基本方案二:果蔬原料组成:50%胡萝卜粉、40%苹果粉、10%蔓越莓干粉,将果蔬粉先经过110℃高压熟化灭菌20min,冷却后添加1%植物乳杆菌(植物乳杆菌为果蔬发酵常用菌种),控制水分50-60%以内,控制初始pH值为6.5左右,厌氧发酵48h,每隔6h检测发酵果蔬酸度,环境温度30℃。发酵果蔬含有较高糖分可以给鼠李糖乳酸菌或植物乳杆菌提供充足的能量,所以发酵速度较快。
发酵结束后,进行烘干灭菌,然后对酸度、糖度、形态进行评定。
检测指标:酸度检测,用pH表示 ;糖度检测,用白利度(°Bx)表示。
果蔬发酵富含糖分、膳食纤维等益生菌生长所需能量,所以发酵较充分,会产生各种酸(例如苹果酸、乳酸等),最终导致pH值过低,影响适口性,所以发酵果蔬作为猫粮原料时,添加量不宜过多。本次试验选取两种发酵菌种(植物乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳酸菌),试验结果发现,如图5所示,鼠李糖感觉和植物乳杆菌发酵48h后的果蔬,颜色明显变深,没有对照组的光泽,且更细,其中鼠李糖杆菌发酵烘干后偏淡紫,植物乳杆菌偏灰色。如图6、7所示,植物乳杆菌发酵48h之后pH值降到3.4,而糖度则在10.7°Bx左右,相比于植物乳杆菌,鼠李糖乳酸菌在发酵48h之后pH值降到3.8略高于植物乳杆菌,而糖度在8.8°Bx左右,要明显低于植物乳杆菌,猫是严格的食肉动物,糖分低则对猫的肠胃消化具有一定的好处。综合来看,两种菌在发酵48h后其发酵液的pH值以及糖度都处于一个相对稳定的状态,说明发酵已经较充分,而鼠李糖乳酸菌的发酵效果具有酸性更弱、糖度更低的特征,更符合猫粮的原料要求。
实施例5、发酵和未发酵的猫粮消化率对比
猫粮制备:
①猫粮A为对照组猫粮,所有原料都未经发酵。原料部分:包括鲜鸡肉(25%),鸡肉粉(16%),鸡胸肉(8%),木薯(5.2%),大豆(5%),鸡油(保存于混合生育酚)(5%),亚麻籽油(5%),复合水果蔬菜(蔓越莓、苹果、胡萝卜)(2%),鸡心(2%),鸡肝粉(1%),苜蓿草(1.5%),酵母提取物(0.3%);添加剂部分(根据国标和AAFCO标准添加):氯化钠(0.5%),氯化钾(0.4%),鱼油(0.6%),氯化胆碱(0.2%),维生素A(0.0017%),维生素D3(0.0003%),dl-α-生育酚(0.0192%),维生素B1(0.0029%),维生素B2(0.0036%),维生素B5(0.0073%),维生素B3(0.0289%),维生素B6(0.0024%),维生素B9(0.0005%),维生素B12(0.0014%),硫酸亚铁(0.0497%),硫酸铜(0.0115%),硫酸锰(0.0062%),硫酸锌(0.0656%),碘酸钙(0.0005%), 亚硒酸钠(0.0042%),硫酸钴(0.0007%),牛磺酸(0.1917%),维生素B7(0.0017%),丙酸钙(0.15%),迷迭香提取物(0.1%),丝兰提取物(0.1%)。
②猫粮B为发酵猫粮,配方原料以及添加剂与猫粮A一致,但鸡胸肉(8%),木薯(5.2%),大豆(5%)和复合水果蔬菜(蔓越莓、苹果、胡萝卜)(2%)均替换为相应的发酵工艺原料,具体工艺如实施例1、2、3和4所示。
猫粮制备:采用双螺杆挤压膨化法制备猫粮,前期将猫粮A和猫粮B的原料分别经过解冻、粉碎、混匀、搅拌等步骤,最后进行挤压成型、高温蒸煮,铡刀切割等制备出猫粮。
试验设计:选择试验挑选12只5kg左右的健康成年猫。试验分为两组,对照组饲喂猫粮A(未发酵工艺,试验组饲喂猫粮B(发酵工艺制备),试验期间检测:①粪便指数(第1级:干、硬;第2级:成形良好,捡起来不会留下印记;第3级:有水分,有点不成形;第4级:几乎不成形;第5级:水样形状);②体内消化率(粗蛋白表观消化率法检测);③体外消化率(胃蛋白酶消化率法);④采食量;⑤适口性;通过以上5个参数来评估饲喂效果,试验周期14天,前7天为换粮过渡期,后7天正式开展。试验期间采集受试猫的粪便用于观察是否软便以及体内消化率检测。
不同猫粮对比图(图8),颜色深一点为发酵猫粮B,颜色浅一点为对照猫粮A,
体内消化率93左右。
表3. 不同猫粮饲喂结果对比
指标 | 猫粮A | 猫粮B |
适口性(0-3分) | 2.42 | 2.27 |
平均日采食量(g) | 52.51 | 49.94 |
初体重(kg) | 5.12 | 5.09 |
末体重(kg) | 5.15 | 5.16 |
胃蛋白酶消化率(%) | 88.12 | 93.29 |
体内消化率(%) | 79.33 | 85.68 |
平均每次粪便湿重(g) | 25.49 | 22.38 |
粪便含水量(%) | 58.28 | 61.41 |
每日排便次数 | 1.41 | 1.21 |
图8所示,膨化工艺制成样品后,猫粮B作为发酵猫粮,颜色要略深于猫粮A,可能与部分发酵原料在发酵后颜色变深有关,整体酥脆度以及粘合度都较接近。适口性方面,整体上猫粮A更好,可能与猫吃习惯传统猫粮有关,猫粮B作为添加了较多发酵原料,在一定程度上改变了原有风味,猫可能对这种风味不熟悉,所以会有一定影响,相应地,采食量会略微降低,但无明显差别。消化率方面,猫粮B是体内消化率(粗蛋白表观消化率)85.68%,高于猫粮A的79.33%,猫粮B的体外消化率(胃蛋白酶消化率)93.29%高于猫粮A的88.12%,发酵工艺相当于是对猫粮原料进行了一次体外预消化,所以发酵猫粮里的部分原料经过微生物的发酵后,部分大分子蛋白被降解成小分子肽以及游离氨基酸,还有部分抗性淀粉和蛋白也被降解,所以具有比传统原料更好消化的特点。粪便统计方面,粪便含水量比较接近,而吃猫粮B的猫排便次数(1.21次/天)则比猫粮A组(1.41次/天)要少,粪便量也更好,表明可能跟猫吸收养分更充分使得排泄物更少有关,具体如表3所示。总体来说,猫粮B的消化率要更高,饲喂期间无软便情况,适口性正常,发酵工艺是一种可以广泛应用于猫粮制备的工艺,具有良好的前景。
上述试验结果和实施例是对本发明的具体描述,但是本发明不仅局限于上述的具体实施方式,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,例如部分改变原料的类别和比例,改变宠粮适用对象,以及不同工艺制备同样配方的粮,本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求及其任何等同物给出。
Claims (7)
1.一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品,其特征在于:其配方包括原料部分和添加剂部分;
其中原料部分:按质量百分比,包括鲜鸡肉25%,鸡肉粉16%,发酵鸡胸肉8%,发酵木薯5.2%,发酵大豆5%,鸡油5%,亚麻籽油5%,蔓越莓、苹果、胡萝卜复合发酵水果蔬菜2%,鸡心2%,鸡肝粉1%,苜蓿草1.5%,酵母提取物0.3%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品,其特征在于:所述的添加剂部分根据国标和AAFCO标准添加,按质量百分比,包括氯化钠0.5%,氯化钾0.4%,鱼油0.6%,氯化胆碱0.2%,维生素A0.0017%,维生素D30.0003%,dl-α-生育酚0.0192%,维生素B10.0029%,维生素B20.0036%,维生素B50.0073%,维生素B30.0289%,维生素B60.0024%,维生素B90.0005%,维生素B120.0014%,硫酸亚铁0.0497%,硫酸铜0.0115%,硫酸锰0.0062%,硫酸锌0.0656%,碘酸钙0.0005%, 亚硒酸钠0.0042%,硫酸钴0.0007%,牛磺酸0.1917%,维生素B70.0017%,丙酸钙0.15%,迷迭香提取物0.1%,丝兰提取物0.1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品,其特征在于:采用菌酶协同发酵工艺,鸡肉切割成长2cm,宽2cm,厚度1cm,发酵时间72h,发酵温度14℃,发酵pH 值5.5-6.0 ,发酵菌种为戊糖乳杆菌和肉糖葡萄球菌,胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶复合蛋白酶200U/g,食盐添加量1%,葡萄糖添加量1.5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品,其特征在于:所述的发酵木薯发酵时间72h,发酵温度25℃,发酵pH 值5.5,发酵菌种为乳酸菌。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品,其特征在于:所述的发酵大豆发酵时间48h,发酵温度25℃,发酵pH 值6,发酵水分40-50%,发酵菌种为布拉迪酵母菌。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种体外预消化发酵宠物食品发酵果蔬工艺,其特征在于:所述的复合发酵水果蔬菜水分40%、发酵温度30℃、发酵pH值6.5,发酵时间48h,发酵菌种为鼠李糖乳酸菌。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:发酵后的原料在制备猫粮的过程中需要需要经过高温120℃灭菌,制备成猫粮灌装完毕后需要进行辐照,辐照装置为电子加速器辐照,辐照剂量千戈瑞(3kGy),2.5小时。
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