CN115316338A - Ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chickens - Google Patents
Ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chickens Download PDFInfo
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- CN115316338A CN115316338A CN202110509423.6A CN202110509423A CN115316338A CN 115316338 A CN115316338 A CN 115316338A CN 202110509423 A CN202110509423 A CN 202110509423A CN 115316338 A CN115316338 A CN 115316338A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K31/04—Dropping-boards; Devices for removing excrement
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Microbiology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chickens, which comprises the steps of establishing a farm, daily hierarchical management, free-range feeding and epidemic disease control, wherein the free-range feeding frame is adopted to feed freely, prepare special feed, and regularly check and disinfect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a breeding method, in particular to an ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chickens.
Background
Poultry refers to birds that are artificially housed, primarily for the purpose of obtaining their meat, eggs and feathers, and also have other uses. Typically animals of the Phasianidae and Anatidae families, such as chickens, ducks, geese, etc., and birds of other families, such as turkeys, pigeons, quails and various birds with a whizzy bird. Chickens are a species of poultry, and domestic chickens originate from wild jungle fowl and have a domestication history of at least about 4000 years, but chicken and eggs are not mass produced commodities until around 1800 years. The chicken may be turkey, black-bone chicken, pheasant, etc. The chicken has good taste and rich nutrition. Most of the nutrients of chicken are protein and fat, but the chicken is lack of calcium, iron, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, various vitamins and crude fiber, and if the chicken is taken as staple food for a long time and other melons, fruits, vegetables and grains are not taken, the body is sub-healthy.
The ecological breeding method is to improve the breeding water quality and ecological environment by utilizing pollution-free water areas such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers and natural baits or applying ecological technical measures, to breed and breed according to a specific breeding mode, to put in pollution-free feed, and to not apply fertilizers and sprinkle medicines, and to produce pollution-free green food and organic food. The livestock and poultry products of ecological breeding are popular with consumers because of high quality and good taste.
With social progress and scientific development, people seek higher and higher delicious food and safety, chicken is used as indispensable meat on daily dining tables of people, the demand is increased year by year, but traditional chicken is delicious in meat quality and safe and relieved but is not required to be supplied, the current chicken farm meets the supply demand, but the taste is not good, some black-heart merchants seek maximum benefit and inject hormones into the chicken, so that the chicken food safety problem is caused, the ecological breeding advocated at present can not only improve the yield, but also is purely natural and pollution-free, but various diseases can be infected in the ecological breeding process of the chicken, so that the breeding of the chicken is influenced, and the death of large-scale chicken is caused seriously, therefore, the invention provides an ecological breeding method capable of improving the disease resistance of the chicken, so as to solve the problems provided in the background technology
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chickens, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chickens comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a farm
A. Site selection: selecting places with little pollution, enough water sources and convenient traffic, nearby forest lands, grasslands, barren mountains, rice fields or vegetable greenhouses and the like as farms;
B. and (3) colony house: b, selecting a place with a higher terrain in the breeding area selected in the step A as a henhouse;
C. and (3) channel repairing and ventilation: building drainage ditches around the henhouse, forming a plurality of ventilation openings on the wall surface of the henhouse, and additionally installing fans;
D. establishing a fence: establishing a fence or a purse net at the edge of the culture site;
(2) Daily hierarchical management
A. Brooding: the chicks are just hatched, are sensitive to the environment, have poor resistance and cannot be directly put in the breeding, and need to be managed and raised in a centralized manner at this stage;
B. and (3) middle and large chickens: the outdoor breeding time of the chicks is slowly increased to enable the chicks to gradually adapt to the environment, one person scatters feed on the road to open a way, the feeding amount is controlled, and the chicks are guided to find food in the field;
C. fattening: two weeks before the chickens come into the market, the chickens cannot be raised in a scattered manner, concentrated feeding and proper amount of scattered feeding are started, the fat content of the feed and coarse cereals is increased, so that the chickens can obtain sufficient energy to fatten chicken flocks;
(3) Free-range feeding
A. Preparing a feed: preparing two kinds of feed (feed I and feed II) aiming at three stages of brooding, medium and large chickens and fattening;
B. fixed-point quantification: feeding quantitatively in the morning and afternoon;
(4) Epidemic control
A. Current limiting: the visit and the visit of external personnel are strictly controlled at the chicken coop position of the breeding field, so that germs brought by other people are avoided;
B. and (3) regular disinfection: arranging a specially-assigned person to be responsible for sanitation, regular disinfection and deratization of chicken pens, and timely disinfection treatment of dead chicken or rejected chicken;
C. chicken group disinfection: aiming at the diseases of the chickens which are easy to infect bacteria, viruses or epidemic diseases, the chickens are disinfected by spraying, dripping nose, dropping eyes and the like, and the chickens are regularly sampled to check whether the bodies of the chickens are abnormal.
As a further scheme of the invention: after the farm and the henhouse are established in the step (1), any corner in the area needs to be thoroughly killed, peripheral sundries and garbage are cleaned, and the henhouse is kept still for one week for standby.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the reason why the forest land, the rice field or the vegetable greenhouse and other places are selected as the farm in the step (1) is that the chicken flocks can eat wild grasses, dropped rice ears and insects in the forest land, the rice field or the vegetable greenhouse as subsidiary food, so that the food consumption of the chicken flocks is increased, and the rice field and the vegetable greenhouse can be helped to remove pests.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the chicken house in the step (1), three independent areas, namely, partial chicks, chicks and adult chickens are arranged, a temperature control device is required to be additionally arranged in the chicken house, and the temperature in the chicken house is kept at 24-28 ℃.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step (2), excrement generated in the chicken flock breeding management process needs to be collected by a special person, the chicken excrement is high in nutrients, auxiliary materials such as sawdust, straw and grass ash carbon can be added, the mixture is prepared according to the proportion of 7.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the first feed prepared for the chicks in the step (3) is hot water soaked millet, bread worm or chopped vegetable leaf dices.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the second feed prepared for the middle-sized and large-sized chickens in the step (3) comprises 350-400 parts of corn, 120-150 parts of wheat, 100-120 parts of bean cakes, 50-80 parts of fermented apple pomace, 30-50 parts of eggshell powder, 30-45 parts of green vegetable powder, 10-20 parts of radix bupleuri, 30-50 parts of liquorice, 15-20 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 25-30 parts of evening primrose seeds, 35-40 parts of Chinese ilex leaves, 30-45 parts of dried sweet potatoes, 50-60 parts of corn straws, 3-4 parts of paprika powder and 5-10 parts of a leavening agent.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the starter in the second feed is prepared by mixing lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and bacillus and performing anaerobic fermentation, so that the palatability of the feed is improved, and the feed intake of the bred chickens is stimulated.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and (4) in the step (3), the chicks are fed continuously in a non-quantitative manner from morning to night, the middle and large chicks are fed twice in the morning and at night and are fed according to the amount of 150-180g of the second feed/chicken per day, the middle and at night are fed three times in the morning and at the fattening stage, and the chicks are fed according to the amount of 200-300g of the second feed/chicken per day.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step (4), the chicken coop needs to be disinfected every other week, the chicken flocks also need to be disinfected by spraying regularly, and the chickens are sampled every day to check whether the chickens have the abnormal changes such as lumps.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, chinese medicinal components such as radix bupleuri, liquorice, astragalus mongholicus and the like are added into the chicken feed to interact, so that the immunity of the chickens can be greatly improved, meanwhile, the disease resistance and antibacterial capability of the chickens can be greatly improved by adding the pepper powder and the Chinese ilex leaves into the feed, the probability of diseases of chicken flocks can be greatly reduced by matching with a scientific and reasonable management breeding method, a small benign ecological cycle can be formed by the breeding method, the chicken flocks can help forest lands, vegetable sheds and rice fields to remove pests, and insects, dead leaves and grass seeds in the rice fields, the vegetable sheds and the forest lands can be used as subsidiary food of the chicken flocks, so that the feed intake of the chicken flocks is increased, the waste is reduced, excrement of the chicken flocks can be used as fertilizer for the vegetables and the rice fields after being fermented, the continuous development and the benign cycle are scientific and reasonable, and meanwhile, the disease resistance, the egg laying rate and the weight are known through experiments, and the chickens produced by using the special formulated feed and the ecological breeding method are much higher than the chickens fed by the traditional breeding method and the traditional feed.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
An ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chickens comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a farm
A. Site selection: the method has the advantages that the method is characterized in that places with little pollution, enough water sources and convenient and fast traffic are selected as farms, such as forest lands, grasslands, barren mountains, rice fields or vegetable greenhouses nearby are selected as the farms, and the places such as the forest lands, the rice fields or the vegetable greenhouses are selected as the farms, so that the chickens can eat wild grasses, dropped rice ears and insects as subsidiary food when moving in the forest lands, the rice fields or the vegetable greenhouses, so that the food intake of the chickens is increased, and pests in the rice fields and the vegetable greenhouses can be removed;
B. and (3) colony house: selecting a place with a higher terrain in the breeding area selected in the step A as a henhouse, wherein three independent areas, namely, a part of chicks, broilers and adult chickens, are arranged in the henhouse, a temperature control device is required to be additionally arranged in the henhouse, and the temperature in the henhouse is kept at 24-28 ℃;
C. and (3) channel repairing and ventilation: building drainage ditches around the henhouse, forming a plurality of ventilation openings on the wall surface of the henhouse, and additionally installing fans;
D. establishing a fence: establishing a fence or a purse net at the edge of the culture site, thoroughly killing any corner in the area, cleaning peripheral sundries and garbage, and standing for a week for later use.
(2) Daily hierarchical management
A. Brooding: the chicks are just hatched, are sensitive to the environment, have poor resistance and cannot be directly put in the breeding, and need to be managed and raised in a centralized manner at this stage;
B. and (3) medium and large chickens: the outdoor breeding time of the chicks is slowly increased to enable the chicks to gradually adapt to the environment, one person scatters feed on the road to open a way, the feeding amount is controlled, and the chicks are guided to find food in the field;
C. fattening: two weeks before the chickens come into the market, the chickens cannot be raised in a scattered manner, and concentrated feeding and proper amount of free-ranging are started to improve the fat content of the feed and coarse cereals, so that the chickens can obtain sufficient energy to fatten chickens. Excrement generated in the chicken flock breeding management process needs to be collected by a special person, the chicken excrement is high in nutrients, auxiliary materials such as sawdust, straw and grass ash carbon can be added, the mixture is blended according to the proportion of 7.
(3) Free-range feeding
A. Preparing a feed: the feed comprises two kinds of feed (feed I and feed II) prepared in three stages of brooding, medium and large chickens and fattening, wherein the feed I prepared for the chicks is hot water soaked millet, bread worm or chopped vegetable leaf dices, the feed II prepared for the medium and large chickens is 360 parts of corn, 120 parts of wheat, 100 parts of bean cake, 60 parts of fermented apple pomace, 30 parts of eggshell powder, 35 parts of green vegetable powder, 10 parts of radix bupleuri, 30 parts of liquorice, 15 parts of astragalus mongholicus, 25 parts of evening primrose seed, 35 parts of Chinese ilex leaf, 30 parts of dried sweet potato, 50 parts of corn straw, 3 parts of pepper powder and 5 parts of leavening agent, and the leavening agent in the feed II is prepared by mixing and anaerobic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and bacillus, so that the palatability of the feed is improved, and the feed intake of bred chickens is stimulated;
B. fixed-point quantification: feeding quantitatively in the morning and afternoon, continuously feeding chicks in a non-quantitative manner from morning to evening, feeding medium and large chickens twice in the morning and evening, feeding according to the amount of 150g of second feed/chicken per day, feeding three times in the morning, at the middle, at the fattening stage, and feeding according to the amount of 200g of second feed/chicken per day.
(4) Epidemic control
A. Current limiting: the visit and the visit of external personnel are strictly controlled at the chicken coop position of the breeding field, so that germs brought by other people are avoided;
B. and (3) regular disinfection: arranging a specially-assigned person to be responsible for sanitation, regular disinfection and deratization of chicken pens, and timely disinfection treatment of dead or obsolete chickens;
C. chicken group disinfection: aiming at the diseases of the chickens which are easy to infect bacteria, viruses or epidemic diseases, the chickens are disinfected by spraying, dripping nose, dropping eyes and the like, and the chickens are regularly sampled to check whether the bodies of the chickens are abnormal. The method is characterized in that the chicken coop needs to be disinfected every other week, the chicken flocks also need to be disinfected by spraying regularly, and the chickens are inspected by sampling every day to see whether the chickens have abnormal shapes such as lumps.
Example 3
An ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chickens comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a farm
A. Site selection: the method has the advantages that the method is characterized in that places with little pollution, enough water sources and convenient and fast traffic are selected as farms, such as forest lands, grasslands, barren mountains, rice fields or vegetable greenhouses nearby are selected as the farms, and the places such as the forest lands, the rice fields or the vegetable greenhouses are selected as the farms, so that the chickens can eat wild grasses, dropped rice ears and insects as subsidiary food when moving in the forest lands, the rice fields or the vegetable greenhouses, so that the food intake of the chickens is increased, and pests in the rice fields and the vegetable greenhouses can be removed;
B. and (3) colony house: selecting a place with a higher terrain in the breeding area selected in the step A as a henhouse, wherein three independent areas, namely, a part of chicks, broilers and adult chickens, are arranged in the henhouse, a temperature control device is required to be additionally arranged in the henhouse, and the temperature in the henhouse is kept at 24-28 ℃;
C. and (3) channel repairing and ventilation: building drainage ditches around the henhouse, forming a plurality of ventilation openings on the wall surface of the henhouse, and additionally installing fans;
D. establishing a fence: establishing a fence or a purse net at the edge of the culture site, thoroughly killing any corner in the area, cleaning peripheral sundries and garbage, and standing for a week for later use.
(2) Daily hierarchical management
A. Brooding: the chicks are just hatched, are sensitive to the environment, have poor resistance and cannot be directly raised, and need centralized management and feeding in the stage;
B. and (3) middle and large chickens: the outdoor breeding time of the chicks needs to be slowly increased to enable the chicken flocks to gradually adapt to the environment, one person spills feed on the road to open a way, the feeding amount is controlled, and the chicks are guided to find food in the wild;
C. fattening: two weeks before the chickens come into the market, the chickens cannot be raised in a scattered manner, and concentrated feeding and proper amount of free-ranging are started to improve the fat content of the feed and coarse cereals, so that the chickens can obtain sufficient energy to fatten chickens. Excrement generated in the chicken flock breeding management process needs to be collected by a specially-assigned person, the chicken excrement is high in nutrients, auxiliary materials such as sawdust, straws and grass ash carbon can be added, the mixture is prepared according to the proportion of 7.
(3) Free-range feeding
A. Preparing a feed: the feed comprises two kinds of feed (feed I and feed II) prepared in three stages of brooding, medium and large chickens and fattening, wherein the feed I prepared for the chicks is hot water soaked millet, bread worm or chopped vegetable leaf dices, the feed II prepared for the medium and large chickens is corn 370 parts, wheat 130 parts, bean cake 110 parts, fermented apple pomace 70 parts, eggshell powder 40 parts, green vegetable powder 40 parts, radix bupleuri 15 parts, radix glycyrrhizae 40 parts, radix astragali 20 parts, evening primrose seed 25 parts, chinese holly leaf 35 parts, dried sweet potato 40 parts, corn straw 50 parts, pepper powder 4 parts and leaven 6 parts, and the leaven in the feed II is prepared by mixing and anaerobic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and bacillus, so that the palatability of the feed is improved, and the feed intake of bred chickens is stimulated;
B. fixed point quantification: the method comprises the steps of feeding the chickens quantitatively in the morning and afternoon, feeding the chickens discontinuously and irregularly from morning to evening, feeding the medium and large chickens twice in the morning and evening, feeding the chickens 160g of the second feed/chicken each day, feeding the chickens three times in the morning, at the middle and evening during the fattening stage, and feeding the chickens 250g of the second feed/chicken each day.
(4) Epidemic control
A. Current limiting: the visit and the visit of external personnel are strictly controlled at the chicken coop position of the breeding field, so that germs brought by other people are avoided;
B. and (3) regular disinfection: arranging a specially-assigned person to be responsible for sanitation, regular disinfection and deratization of chicken pens, and timely disinfection treatment of dead chicken or rejected chicken;
C. chicken group disinfection: aiming at the diseases of the chickens which are easy to infect bacteria, viruses or epidemic diseases, the chickens are disinfected by spraying, dripping nose, dropping eyes and the like, and the chickens are regularly sampled to check whether the bodies of the chickens are abnormal. The chicken coop is sterilized every other week, the chicken flocks are also sterilized by spraying regularly, and the chickens are sampled every day to check whether the chickens have abnormal symptoms such as lumps.
Example 3
An ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chicken comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a farm
A. Site selection: the method has the advantages that the method is characterized in that places with little pollution, enough water sources and convenient and fast traffic are selected as farms, such as forest lands, grasslands, barren mountains, rice fields or vegetable greenhouses nearby are selected as the farms, and the places such as the forest lands, the rice fields or the vegetable greenhouses are selected as the farms, so that the chickens can eat wild grasses, dropped rice ears and insects as subsidiary food when moving in the forest lands, the rice fields or the vegetable greenhouses, so that the food intake of the chickens is increased, and pests in the rice fields and the vegetable greenhouses can be removed;
B. colony house: b, selecting a place with a higher terrain in the breeding area selected in the step A as a henhouse, wherein three independent areas, namely partial chicks, broilers and adult chickens, are arranged in the henhouse, a temperature control device is required to be additionally arranged in the henhouse, and the temperature in the henhouse is kept at 24-28 ℃;
C. and (3) channel repairing and ventilation: building drainage ditches around the henhouse, forming a plurality of ventilation openings on the wall surface of the henhouse, and additionally installing fans;
D. establishing a fence: establishing a fence or a purse net at the edge of the culture site, thoroughly killing any corner in the area, cleaning peripheral sundries and garbage, and standing for a week for later use.
(2) Daily hierarchical management
A. Brooding: the chicks are just hatched, are sensitive to the environment, have poor resistance and cannot be directly raised, and need centralized management and feeding in the stage;
B. and (3) middle and large chickens: the outdoor breeding time of the chicks is slowly increased to enable the chicks to gradually adapt to the environment, one person scatters feed on the road to open a way, the feeding amount is controlled, and the chicks are guided to find food in the field;
C. fattening: two weeks before the chickens come into the market, the chickens cannot be raised in a scattered manner, and concentrated feeding and proper amount of free-ranging are started to improve the fat content of the feed and coarse cereals, so that the chickens can obtain sufficient energy to fatten chickens. Excrement generated in the chicken flock breeding management process needs to be collected by a specially-assigned person, the chicken excrement is high in nutrients, auxiliary materials such as sawdust, straws and grass ash carbon can be added, the mixture is prepared according to the proportion of 7.
(3) Free-range feeding
A. Preparing a feed: the feed comprises a first feed and a second feed which are prepared aiming at three stages of brooding, medium and large chickens and fattening, wherein the first feed prepared aiming at the chicks is hot water soaked millet, tenebrio molitor or chopped vegetable leaf dices, the second feed prepared aiming at the medium and large chickens is 380 parts of corn, 130 parts of wheat, 120 parts of bean cakes, 70 parts of fermented apple pomace, 50 parts of eggshell powder, 45 parts of green vegetable powder, 20 parts of radix bupleuri, 50 parts of liquorice, 20 parts of radix astragali, 30 parts of evening primrose seed, 40 parts of Chinese ilex leaf, 45 parts of dried sweet potato, 60 parts of corn straw, 4 parts of pepper powder and 9 parts of leavening agent, and the leavening agent in the second feed is prepared by mixing and anaerobic fermenting lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and bacillus, so that the palatability of the feed is improved, and the feed intake of bred chickens is stimulated;
B. fixed point quantification: feeding quantitatively in the morning and afternoon, continuously feeding chicks in a non-quantitative manner from morning to evening, feeding medium and large chickens twice in the morning and evening, feeding with 180g of second feed/chicken per day, feeding the chickens three times in the morning, noon and evening in the fattening stage, and feeding with 280g of second feed/chicken per day.
(4) Epidemic control
A. Current limiting: strictly controlling the visit and access of external personnel at the chicken coop position of the breeding ground to avoid germs brought by other people;
B. and (3) regular disinfection: arranging a specially-assigned person to be responsible for sanitation, regular disinfection and deratization of chicken pens, and timely disinfection treatment of dead chicken or rejected chicken;
C. chicken group disinfection: aiming at the diseases of the chickens which are easy to infect bacteria, viruses or epidemic diseases, the chickens are disinfected by spraying, dripping nose, dropping eyes and the like, and the chickens are regularly sampled to check whether the bodies of the chickens are abnormal. The chicken coop is sterilized every other week, the chicken flocks are also sterilized by spraying regularly, and the chickens are sampled every day to check whether the chickens have abnormal symptoms such as lumps.
Comparative experiment of breeding method: taking three hundred chicks with good appearance health conditions as experimental objects, wherein one hundred and fifty chicks are bred in a traditional mode, the other one hundred and fifty chicks are bred in the ecological breeding method, fifty chicks are used as one group, three groups of traditional chicks are a fighting group, three groups of ecological chicks are an experimental group, the feeding amount, the feeding time and the feeding frequency of six groups of chicks are all the same, and the infection rates of several groups of chicks are observed and recorded during feeding, and the obtained experimental results are as follows:
| average weight (g) | Average egg production (%) | Average infection rate (%) | |
| Experiment set 1 | 1224.8 | 99.1 | 0.8 |
| Control group one | 996.8 | 90.5 | 3.2 |
| Experiment group two | 1256.6 | 98.3 | 1.2 |
| Control group two | 1006.8 | 95.6 | 5.2 |
| Experiment group III | 1306.2 | 99.1 | 1.1 |
| Control group III | 1021.8 | 92.2 | 4.7 |
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chickens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Establishing a farm
A. Site selection: selecting places with little pollution, enough water sources and convenient traffic, and nearby woodlands, grasslands, barren mountains, rice fields or vegetable greenhouses and the like as farms;
B. colony house: selecting a place with a higher terrain in the breeding area selected in the step A as a henhouse;
C. and (3) channel repairing and ventilation: building drainage ditches around the henhouse, forming a plurality of ventilation openings on the wall surface of the henhouse, and additionally installing fans;
D. establishing a fence: establishing a fence or a purse net at the edge of a culture site;
(2) Daily hierarchical management
A. Brooding: the chicks are just hatched, are sensitive to the environment, have poor resistance and cannot be directly put in the breeding, and need to be managed and raised in a centralized manner at this stage;
B. and (3) medium and large chickens: the outdoor breeding time of the chicks is slowly increased to enable the chicks to gradually adapt to the environment, one person scatters feed on the road to open a way, the feeding amount is controlled, and the chicks are guided to find food in the field;
C. fattening: two weeks before the chickens come into the market, the chickens cannot be raised in a scattered manner, concentrated feeding and proper amount of scattered feeding are started, the fat content of the feed and coarse cereals is increased, so that the chickens can obtain sufficient energy to fatten chicken flocks;
(3) Free-range feeding
A. Preparing a feed: preparing two kinds of feed (feed I and feed II) aiming at three stages of brooding, medium and large chickens and fattening;
B. fixed-point quantification: performing quantitative feeding twice in the morning and afternoon;
(4) Epidemic control
A. Current limiting: the visit and the visit of external personnel are strictly controlled at the chicken coop position of the breeding field, so that germs brought by other people are avoided;
B. and (3) regular disinfection: arranging a specially-assigned person to be responsible for sanitation, regular disinfection and deratization of chicken pens, and timely disinfection treatment of dead chicken or rejected chicken;
C. chicken group disinfection: aiming at the susceptible bacteria, viruses or epidemic diseases of the chicken flocks, the disinfection such as spraying, nose dropping, eye dropping and the like is carried out, and the chicken flocks are regularly sampled to check whether the chicken bodies of the chicken flocks have the abnormal appearance.
2. The ecological breeding method for improving disease resistance of chickens according to claim 1, wherein after the farm and the henhouse are established in the step (1), any corners in the area need to be thoroughly killed, the surrounding sundries and garbage are cleaned, and the ecological breeding method is kept still for one week for standby.
3. The ecological breeding method for improving disease resistance of chicken in claim 1, wherein the place of forest land, rice field or vegetable greenhouse is selected as the farm in step (1) because the chicken flock can eat wild grass, dropped ears of rice and insects as subsidiary food in the forest land, rice field or vegetable greenhouse, which not only increases the feed intake of the chicken flock, but also helps the rice field and vegetable greenhouse to remove pests.
4. The ecological breeding method for improving disease resistance of chickens according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the chicken house is kept at 24-28 ℃ by adding a temperature control device in the chicken house in three independent areas of partial chicks, broilers and adult chickens in the chicken house in the step (1).
5. The ecological breeding method for improving disease resistance of chicken poultry according to claim 1, wherein the manure generated in the chicken flock breeding management process in step (2) needs to be collected by a special person, the nutrients in the chicken manure are high, auxiliary materials such as sawdust, straw, grass ash carbon and the like can be added, the mixture is blended according to a ratio of 7.
6. The ecological breeding method for improving disease resistance of chicken in claim 1, wherein the first feed prepared for chicks in step (3) is hot water soaked millet, bread worm or chopped vegetable leaf dices.
7. The ecological breeding method capable of improving disease resistance of chickens according to claim 1, wherein the second feed prepared for middle-sized chickens in step (3) comprises 350-400 parts of corn, 120-150 parts of wheat, 100-120 parts of bean cake, 50-80 parts of fermented apple pomace, 30-50 parts of eggshell powder, 30-45 parts of green vegetable powder, 10-20 parts of radix bupleuri, 30-50 parts of liquorice, 15-20 parts of radix astragali, 25-30 parts of evening primrose seed, 35-40 parts of Chinese ilex leaf, 30-45 parts of dried sweet potato, 50-60 parts of corn straw, 3-4 parts of pepper powder and 5-10 parts of leavening agent.
8. The ecological breeding method for improving disease resistance of chickens according to claim 7, wherein the starter in the second feed is prepared by mixing lactic acid bacteria, yeast and bacillus and performing anaerobic fermentation, so that palatability of the feed is improved, and feed intake of bred chickens is stimulated.
9. The ecological breeding method for improving disease resistance of chickens according to claim 1, wherein the chicks are continuously fed in step (3) from morning to evening by a variable amount, the middle and large chickens are fed twice in the morning and evening and are fed according to the amount of 150-180g of the second feed/chicken per day, and the chickens are fed three times in the morning, in the middle and evening in the fattening stage and are fed according to the amount of 200-300g of the second feed/chicken per day.
10. The ecological breeding method for improving disease resistance of chickens according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the henhouse is sterilized every other week, the chickens are sterilized by spraying regularly, and the chickens are inspected by sampling every day to determine whether there are any abnormal lumps on the chickens.
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