CN115304750A - 一种共价有机框架材料、配体、荧光传感器及其应用 - Google Patents

一种共价有机框架材料、配体、荧光传感器及其应用 Download PDF

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CN115304750A
CN115304750A CN202211237214.1A CN202211237214A CN115304750A CN 115304750 A CN115304750 A CN 115304750A CN 202211237214 A CN202211237214 A CN 202211237214A CN 115304750 A CN115304750 A CN 115304750A
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赵礼义
曹宇
许名飞
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Jilin China Science And Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

一种共价有机框架材料、配体、荧光传感器及其应用,涉及环境检测用材料技术领域,解决了共价有机框架材料检测金属离子种类少的问题,应用于金属离子检测荧光传感器中。共价有机框架材料制备:将配体和3,4,9,10‑四羧酸酐混合后研磨,升温后煅烧。原料1制备:将2‑甲基‑4‑氰基苯硼酸、蒸馏水、聚乙二醇400、4‑溴苯胺、二氯化钯和碳酸钾混合后搅拌;用乙醚反复萃取后合并有机相,用硫酸镁干燥再旋干,用石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液作为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱层析。配体制备:原料1加入二氯甲烷中搅拌得混合溶液,特定温度下滴加三氟甲磺酸,氮气保护下搅拌;加入蒸馏水后用饱和NaOH溶液将pH调至7,抽滤后用蒸馏水冲洗干燥。

Description

一种共价有机框架材料、配体、荧光传感器及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及环境检测用材料技术领域,具体涉及一种共价有机框架材料、配体、荧光传感器及其应用。
背景技术
随着经济的高速发展,人类生活水平得到了大幅度的提升,可环境污染问题也越来越严重,特别是重金属污染。一方面,重金属会破坏植物的一些组织和功能,从而降低植物的产量和品质,例如土壤中镉含量过高会破坏植物叶片的叶绿素结构最终导致植物死亡。另一方面,重金属会通过食物链在植物体内富集,研究表明随着表层土壤镉污染的加重,水稻籽粒中的镉含量逐步提高。除此之外,土壤中的重金属还会经雨水淋滤及地表径流作用转移进入地表水系统,进而通过地表水和地下水的交互作用污染地下水体,对饮用水安全构成威胁。为了能有针对性地对不同种类、不同类型的重金属污染事件选择合适的修复方法,迫切需要开发一种广谱检测金属离子的敏感平台。
在过去的几十年里,人们建立了各种检测金属离子的方法,例如原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、毛细管电泳、电喷雾离子化质谱以及表面增强拉曼光谱等,这些检测方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确度,但是成本高昂、设备复杂。相比于这些检测方法,荧光检测法具有样品处理简单、检测操作简便、低成本等优点,且在使用过程中无需大型设备,只需紫外灯即可实现检测。因此,荧光检测近年来在金属检测相关领域收到了广泛关注,研发一种成本低廉、合成条件温和、易于调控且适合大批量工业生产的荧光探针材料是当前的研究热点之一。
共价有机框架材料(Covalent Organic Farmeworks,COFs)是一类的多孔有机纳米材料,其具有高比表面积、结构可调性强以及成本低廉等多种优势。与传统的探针材料相比,共价有机框架材料不但具有堆叠的结构和丰富的π电子,使其体系具有较强的荧光发射,而且共价有机框架材料在高温强酸、强碱等苛刻条件下依然能保持框架结构的稳定,这赋予了共价有机框架材料作为荧光探针材料的优秀应用前景。但是目前已知的共价有机框架材料能够检测的金属离子种类较少,这降低了重金属检测的广泛度和准确度。
发明内容
为了解决现有共价有机框架材料检测的金属离子种类较少的问题,本发明提出了一种共价有机框架材料、配体、荧光传感器及其应用。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种共价有机框架材料,所述共价有机框架材料的结构式如下:
Figure 49481DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,所述共价有机框架材料命名为COF-ET25。
一种制备共价有机框架材料用配体,用于制备如上所述的共价有机框架材料,所述配体的结构式如下:
Figure 890922DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
本发明还提供了一种荧光传感器,包括如上所述的共价有机框架材料。
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的共价有机框架材料或荧光传感器在金属离子检测中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明解决了共价有机框架材料检测的金属离子种类较少的问题,具体有益效果为:
1、本发明提供的共价有机框架材料,其原料来源广泛、成本低廉、合成工艺简单,且具有良好的荧光稳定性能,能够在水中和DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)中荧光强度在25h内几乎保持不变;
2、Fe2+、Fe3+、Cd2+、Co2+、Cr2+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Pb2+和Mn2+等多种金属离子对本发明所述的共价有机框架材料会产生明显的荧光淬灭现象,这是目前已知共价有机框架材料用于金属离子检测种类的最大数量,在金属离子检测中展现了优异的性能和良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的共价有机框架材料的红外表征;
图2为本发明提供的共价有机框架材料对不同金属离子荧光发射强度图谱;
图3为本发明提供的共价有机框架材料在水和DMF中的荧光稳定性图谱。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术方案更加清楚,下面将结合本发明的说明书附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,需要说明的是,以下实施例仅用于更好地理解本发明的技术方案,而不应理解为对本发明的限制。
本实施例中使用的2-甲基-4-氰基苯硼酸(CAS:313546-18-8)、4-溴苯胺(CAS:106-40-1)、3,4,9,10-四羧酸酐(CAS:128-69-8)均从市面直接采购获得。
以下描述本发明所述的共价有机框架材料的制备过程和表征结果:
第一步、制备原料1:
向50mL三口瓶中依次加入2-甲基-4-氰基苯硼酸(3g,18.63mmol)、蒸馏水3.5mL、聚乙二醇400 3.5mL、4-溴苯胺(3.82g,22.35mmol)、二氯化钯(16mg,0.09mmol)和碳酸钾(0.91g,6.59mmol),在25℃下搅拌8h,混合物用乙醚萃取三次,每次用25mL乙醚,萃取后合并有机相,将有机相用硫酸镁干燥然后旋干得到粗产物;用体积比为1:4的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液作为洗脱剂对粗产物进行硅胶柱层析,得到白色固体3.02g,即原料1,收率78%。
对获得的原料1分别做核磁共振氢谱分析、碳谱分析、质谱分析和元素分析测试,结果如下:
氢谱1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) :
δ 7.94 (s, 1 H), 7.72 (d, 2 H), 7.43 (m, 2 H), 6.60 (m, 2 H), 5.32(s, 2H), 2.56 (s, 2 H);
碳谱13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO):
δ 150.86, 142.32, 140.07, 135.35, 134.76, 130.66, 130.03, 129.50,119.39, 118.60, 116.37, 21.23;
质谱表征结果:
ESI(m/z):[M+H]calcd. for C14H12N2,226.0801;found, 227.1625;
元素分析测试结果:
Calcd. for C13H11BO3 C, 69.08; H, 4.91; O, 21.23. Found: C, 70.23; H,3.65; O, 21.66。
根据以上分析数据可以证明,得到的原料1为:
Figure 873922DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
第二步、制备配体:
向250mL三口瓶中依次加入85mL二氯甲烷和原料1(2g,9.61mmol)后进行充分搅拌,随后在0℃下缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸(4.33g,28.83mmol),得到的混合物在氮气保护下,100℃搅拌反应12h;向反应体系中加入120mL蒸馏水,随后用饱和的氢氧化钠溶液将体系的pH值调至7。抽滤后用蒸馏水冲洗干燥,得到淡黄色固体5.1g,即为制备共价有机框架材料用配体,收率为85%。
对获得的配体分别做核磁共振氢谱分析、碳谱分析、质谱分析和元素分析测试,结果如下:
氢谱1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO):
δ 8.02 (m, 6 H), 7.50 (m, 6 H), 7.31 (m, 3 H), 6.60 (m, 6 H), 5.41(s, 6 H), 2.75 (s, 1 H);
碳谱13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3):
δ150.86, 149.04, 141.51, 140.77, 140.47, 140.41, 140.05, 139.54,139.43, 138.58, 136.42, 134.40, 131.17, 130.74, 130.54, 130.03, 129.89,129.37, 129.17, 128.67, 128.17, 118.60, 117.03, 116.74, 21.40, 21.31;
质谱表征结果:
ESI(m/z):[M+H]calcd. for C42H36N6, 624.3001;found, 625.2546;
元素分析测试结果:
Calcd. for C42H36N6 C, 80.74; H, 5.81; N, 13.45. Found: C, 80.03; H,5.72; N, 13.21。
根据以上分析数据可以证明,得到的配体结构式为:
Figure 331448DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
第三步、共价有机框架材料的合成:
将制备共价有机框架材料用配体(2g,3.2mmol)、3,4,9,10-四羧酸酐(1.26g,3.2mmol)放到玛瑙研钵中研磨30min,随后将得到的混合物转移到氧化铝坩埚中,以5℃/min的加热速率进行加热,加热到325℃,在此温度下煅烧4h,得到固体7.96g,即为共价有机框架材料,收率为43%。
对获得的共价有机框架材料分别做质谱分析和元素分析测试,结果如下:
元素分析测试结果:
Calcd. for C408H240N18O24 C, 84.81; H, 4.19; N, 4.36; O, 6.64. Found: C,84.85; H, 4.16; N, 4.38; O, 6.59;
质谱表征结果:
ESI(m/z):[M+H]Calcd. for C408H240N18O24, 5777.8247;found, 5778.6585。
对获得的共价有机框架材料和制备用配体进行红外表征,测试仪器为IRAffinity-1傅里叶变换红外分光光度计,KBr压片,测试结果如图1所示。由图中可知,在共价有机框架材料中,配体中原有的N-H(3331 cm-1、3469 cm-1)伸缩振动消失,3,4,9,10-四羧酸酐中原有的C-O(1264 cm-1、1025 cm-1)伸缩振动减弱,出现了新的键连C=C(1592 cm-1)和C-N-C(1233 cm-1),这证明了共价有机框架材料分子的成功构建,所述共价有机框架材料称为COF-ET25。
接下来对共价有机框架材料COF-ET25进行荧光性能的测试,测试均在25℃下通过F-7100荧光分光光度计进行。测试过程中,设定荧光激发波长为369 nm、发射波长范围为470 nm-590 nm、激发、发射狭缝为10 nm。
本实施例还测试了14种金属离子对共价有机框架材料COF-ET25荧光强度的影响:分别配置5×10-4 mol/L Ba2+、Cr2+、Cd2+、Co2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Al3+、Mn2+、Na+、Ni2+、K+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+的水溶液,按照1:9体积比与共价有机框架材料COF-ET25溶液混合,超声分散均匀,放置12h,保证荧光强度稳定后,检测其荧光性能,测试结果见图2所示。由图可知,多种金属离子可以极大地淬灭共价有机框材料COF-ET25的荧光,例如Fe2+、Fe3+、Cd2+、Co2+、Cr2+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Pb2+、Cu2+和Mn2+
此外,本实施例测试了共价有机框材料COF-ET25在水中和DMF中的荧光稳定性能,结果见图3,可以证明在水中和DMF中的荧光强度在25h内几乎保持不变,这表明共价有机框材料COF-ET25在应用中具有良好的稳定性。
需要说明的是,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种共价有机框架材料,其特征在于,所述共价有机框架材料的结构式如下:
Figure 293800DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,所述共价有机框架材料命名为COF-ET25。
2.一种制备共价有机框架材料用配体,其特征在于,用于制备如权利要求1所述的共价有机框架材料,所述配体的结构式如下:
Figure 913000DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
3.一种荧光传感器,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1所述的共价有机框架材料。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的共价有机框架材料在金属离子检测中的应用。
5.一种如权利要求3所述的荧光传感器在金属离子检测中的应用。
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