CN115290891A - 一种冠状病毒感染细胞的荧光显色检测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于冠状病毒检测的荧光显色方法及其试剂。其方法特征在于通过冠状病毒通用的保守抗原决定簇制备和SPRi互作测试实验进行多肽文库筛选,获得冠状病毒特异性结合的多肽分子,对其进行合成和荧光素标记,形成特异性荧光素标记多肽;使用本发明所提供的试剂,实现对咽拭子中冠状病毒感染细胞的荧光显色检测;试剂与样本混合后,特异性荧光素标记多肽同冠状病毒抗原结构相结合,在荧光显微镜下使含有冠状病毒的细胞呈现亮色或特异性颜色,其他细胞为黑色或背景色。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以荧光素为标记物的可检测冠状病毒感染细胞的快速检测方法及荧光显色试剂,涉及的冠状病毒为感染人的冠状病毒,冠状病毒感染细胞指被冠状病毒感染的人呼吸道上皮细胞,可用于生物学、医学检验的相关领域。
背景技术
荧光显色方法是利用荧光素的光学特性,通过特殊波长的激发光激发下发射出特定颜色的波长,利用显微镜或者流式细胞仪等细胞学检测技术进行待检物质观察的一种方法。荧光显色方法包含非特异性荧光显色试剂和特异性荧光显色试剂。
非特异性荧光显色试剂一般采用非特异性荧光燃料,包含金胺O荧光染液等,该类试剂能够对某一种生物大分子进行显色,而不能对含有这一种生物大分子的细胞、病毒、细菌、虫卵等进行区分。
特异性荧光显色试剂采用能够与待检物特异结合的分子为主要核心原料,这些分子与待检物的特殊结构具有抗原抗体或受体配体特异结合的特性;特异性荧光显色试剂对这些分子进行修饰和荧光素标记,具有检测的特异性。主要是指荧光标记的抗体、核酸探针或者适配体。
冠状病毒是一类主要引起呼吸道、肠道疾病的病原体,因其包膜特有的太阳帽状刺突,整个病毒颗粒就像一顶皇冠,而被称为“冠状病毒”;冠状病毒仅感染脊椎动物,可引起人和动物的呼吸、神经、消化、生殖系统症状,但以呼吸道表现为主。
冠状病毒在系统分类上属套式病毒目冠状病毒科冠状病毒属,是具囊膜、基因组为线性单股正链的RNA病毒,是自然界广泛存在的一大类病毒;冠状病毒直径约80~120nm,基因组全长约27-32kb,是目前已知RNA病毒中基因组最大的病毒,仅感染脊椎动物,如人、鼠、猪、猫、犬、狼、鸡、牛、禽类。
2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV,引发新型冠状病毒肺炎COVID-19)是目前已知的第7种可以感染人的冠状病毒,其余6种分别是HCoV-229E、HCoV-OC43、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-HKU1、SARS-CoV(引发重症急性呼吸综合征)和MERS-CoV(引发中东呼吸综合征)。其中HCoV-229E、HCoV-OC43、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-HKU1在人群中较为常见,致病性较低,一般仅引起类似普通感冒的轻微呼吸道症状(如流鼻涕、头痛、咳嗽、发热、畏寒、呼吸困难等);另外3种冠状病毒,如SARS冠状病毒和MERS冠状病毒,可引起严重的呼吸系统疾病(呼吸困难、肺部实质性病变等),而此次的新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)是一种先前尚未在人类中发现的新型冠状病毒,影响范围较大,疫情较重。
冠状病毒的实验室检测方法主要有血常规检查、病原学检查和血清学检查;病原学检查主要包括病毒分离培养、病毒抗原的测定(酶联免疫吸附检测法、免疫层析法、化学发光法等)、病毒核酸的测定(聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、基因测序等方法)等。
血常规检查通过血细胞的分类和计数,反应是否病毒或细菌感染,病毒性感染见白细胞计数正常或偏低,淋巴细胞比例升高。
病毒分离培养主要有动物染毒、鸡胚接种、组织培养的方法;动物染毒常用的动物有小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、兔和猴等,接种的途径有鼻内、皮下、皮内、脑内、腹腔内、静脉等。根据病毒种类不同,选择敏感动物及适宜接种部位;鸡胚接种鸡胚对多种病毒敏感。根据病毒种类不同,可将标本接种于鸡胚的羊膜腔、尿囊腔、卵黄囊或绒毛尿囊膜上;组织培养有三种基本类型:器官培养、移植培养和细胞培养;细胞培养最常用于培养病毒,根据细胞的来源,染色体特性及传代次数又可分为下列类型:原代和次代细胞培养,二倍体细胞株和传代细胞系。
抗原检测的酶联反应吸附实验(ELISA)多采用双抗体夹心法,检测含有至少两个抗原决定簇的多价抗原。原理是先将特异性抗体与固相载体连接;加入待测标本,形成固相抗原抗体复合物;再加入酶标抗体形成双抗体夹心,洗涤;加底物显色,根据颜色反应的程度进行该抗原的定性或定量检测。
抗原检测的免疫层析法和化学发光法液采用双抗体夹心法,同ELISA主要区别在于所采用的标记物不同而形成不同的计数;免疫层析法多采用金颗粒、彩色微球或者荧光素标记,形成肉眼可见的不同颜色的条带或者需要仪器辅助读取的荧光条带,以便进行结果判断;化学发光法多采用荧光素标记通过荧光值的数值变化进行冠状病毒的检测。
PCR进行病毒核酸的测定主要采用荧光定量PCR的方法进行,荧光标记的探针同PCR过程的单链核酸进行杂交后通过荧光值的变化和CT值进行结果的判断;核酸测序是直接对病毒核酸进行序列测定并进行同源性比较实现病毒的检测。
以上方法学相比较:血常规用去区分是否感染和是否病毒感染;病毒分离培养属于病毒感染的金标准,常用于实验室工作,由于其操作过于复杂且周期较长并不适用于临床检验。
抗原检测由于单克隆抗体制备技术的自然周期常常需要6个月以上的技术形成周期,难以满足新发疾病的疫情应急检测需求;其中免疫层析技术操作简单快速,但灵敏度不够;ELISA和化学发光法灵敏度较高,操作时间尚需2小时以上。
荧光定量PCR技术是目前最为精准的实验室检测方法,检测灵敏度和特异性高,操作时间相对同ELISA和化学发光法相同也需要数小时的检测时间。核酸测序常需PCR之后进行产物的序列分析,所需时间更长,常用于病毒流行病学和溯源性研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种冠状病毒的快速、特异和高灵敏的荧光显色方法。涉及的病原体为能够感染人的7种冠状病毒。本发明的另一目的在于提供用于该方法的检测试剂。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案实现:荧光显色试剂为单支包装,配套一支缓冲液,荧光显色试剂内含:2.0mg/ml的特异性荧光素标记多肽、2.0mg/ml伊文思兰、PBS缓冲体系、5mg/ml的BSA、0.05%DMSO、5%已腈。缓冲液采用PBS缓冲体系(50mM,PH=7.4)
本发明所述的冠状病毒检测的荧光显色试剂的实施步骤如下:
1)将所述的7种冠状病毒进行生物信息学分析,寻找其共同保守的基因序列,并进行该基因序列进行抗原决定簇结构分析,确定最终的多肽序列。
2)对所确定的基因序列进行串联式分子克隆表达,并获得纯化的基因工程蛋白。
3)将所述的基因工程蛋白通过行SPRi互作测试实验进行多肽文库筛选,获得候选多肽分子。
4)对候选多肽分子进行荧光素标记,获得荧光素标记多肽。
5)将特异性荧光素标记多肽按照25mg/ml溶解在30%已腈的水溶液中,作为母液。
6)工作体系配制,含有2.0mg/ml的荧光素标记多肽、2.0mg/ml伊文思兰、PBS缓冲体系(50mM,PH=7.4)、5mg/ml的BSA、0.05%DMSO、5%已腈。
7)工作液配制:特异性荧光素标记多肽母液和缓冲体系按照1:11.5比例进行配制。
8)采用不同的冠状病毒细胞培养物进行候选多肽分子进行实验验证:将待检样本10微升滴加在准备好的玻片上,滴加10微升的工作液并混匀后,盖上盖玻片行荧光显微观察并记录。
9)检测结果:观察到具有荧光信号的细胞为阳性,否则为阴性。
10)确定上述荧光素标记多肽分子的特异性和灵敏度评价。
11)获得最终选用的特异性多肽分子。
所述的最终的多肽序列是:LEGKQGNFKNLRE、KYNENGTITD、APGQTGKIADYNYKLPDDFT、DFCGKGYHLMSFPQSAPHGVVFLHVTYV。
所述的母液是特异性荧光素标记多肽的高浓度保存液。
所述的缓冲体系是指特异性荧光素标记多肽的工作体系。
所述的检测结果,是指利用荧光显微镜观察到的图像进行分析。含有冠状病毒的细胞具有一定的荧光强度,未感染冠状病毒的细胞为背景色或黑色。
所述的最终选用的特异性多肽分子是MLPDK(1)DCR。
所述的最终选用的特异性多肽分子是ELVSLK(1)QEQQAFK。
本发明所述的一种冠状病毒检测的荧光显色试剂的制备步骤如下:
1)将实验获得的特异性荧光素标记多肽进行修饰和荧光素标记,获得特异性荧光素标记多肽。
2)将特异性荧光素标记多肽配制成高浓度保存液。
3)将特异性荧光素标记多肽配制成工作液。
4)将上述工作液取1.05ml,装入到2ml的棕色避光瓶中,盖上带密封圈的瓶盖,标记为荧光显色液。
5)将PBS缓冲体系(50mM,PH=7.4)4.5ml,装入到5ml的滴瓶中,标记为缓冲液。
5)将荧光显色液和缓冲液装入到试剂盒中,形成冠状病毒检测试剂。
和现有的冠状病毒检测方法相比较,本发明具有以下优势:
1)本项目采用特异性荧光试剂进行冠状病毒感染细胞的荧光显色,在荧光显微镜下,冠状病毒感染的人体细胞因为冠状病毒富集了试剂中的荧光素标记多肽而发亮色,未受冠状病毒感染的细胞为背景色或者黑色;操作和结果判断直观,对检验人员要求较低。
2)本项目采用多肽代替抗体进行产品设计;就分子量而言,多肽分子的分子量约为抗体的1-2%,分子较小穿透力强,不需对细胞进行通透处理即可进入细胞;故不需要进行细胞固定、通透、孵育、洗脱等冗长的操作时间,具有检测时间段的优势。
3)利用冠状病毒特异性荧光素标记多肽进行冠状病毒的检测。可实现一步法操作,过程简单快速。即把荧光显色试剂和待检样本在玻片上混合,即可放置在荧光显微镜下进行观测。
4)通过对总细胞量和感染细胞的量的比较,获得细胞感染率的绝对计数。
5)本项目具有高灵敏度和高特异性的特点。
附图说明:
附图1.一种冠状病毒检测的荧光显色试剂的盒装示意图。
附图2.一种冠状病毒检测的荧光显色试剂的使用步骤示意图。
附图3.冠状病毒阳性的结果示意图。
附图4.冠状病毒阴性的结果示意图。
附图5.细胞计数仪细胞计数和获得感染率。
具体实施方法1
参照附图1,取出冠状病毒荧光显色液,轻甩试剂瓶,使瓶内液体到底部。
参照附图2,取待检咽拭子样本放置于1.5ml的EP管中,滴入4滴缓冲液,挤压拭子使细胞洗涤到EP管中,丢弃拭子。
参照附图2,取EP管中细胞悬浮液10μL加到玻片中,加入10μL荧光显色液并混匀,取出放置于玻片上,并盖上盖玻片。
参照附图2,进行荧光显微观察。
参照附图3和4,出现荧光信号的细胞图像,表明为冠状病毒阳性,计数总细胞数和阳性细胞数并推算细胞感染率;未出现荧光信号细胞图像,表明为冠状病毒阴性。
具体实施方法2
参照附图1,取出冠状病毒荧光显色液,轻甩试剂瓶,使瓶内液体到底部。
参照附图2,取待冠状病毒细胞培养物细胞悬液10μL加到玻片中,加入10μL荧光显色液并混匀,取出放置于玻片上,并盖上盖玻片。
参照附图5,进行荧光细胞计数仪进行细胞读数,并计算细胞感染率。
Claims (9)
1.一种冠状病毒检测的荧光显色方法,其特征在于,采用荧光素标记的多肽进行冠状病毒的检测。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种冠状病毒检测的荧光显色方法,其特征在于,可以使冠状病毒感染的细胞呈现特异性颜色或亮色、未被冠状病毒感染的细胞呈现背景色或黑色实现冠状病毒的检测。
3.根据权利要求1所述特异性荧光素标记的多肽,其特征在于是通过SPRi互作测试实验获得多肽序列,对其进行化学合成和荧光素标记后形成特异性荧光素标记多肽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多肽,其特征在于序列是MLPDK(1)DCR。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多肽,其特征在于序列是ELVSLK(1)QEQQAFK。
6.根据权利要求1所述的特异性荧光素标记多肽是对权利要求3所述的多肽进行荧光素标记的产物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的特异性荧光素标记多肽,其特征在于工作体系为含有2.0mg/ml伊文思兰、PBS缓冲体系(50mM,PH=7.4)、5mg/ml的BSA、0.05%DMSO、5%已腈。
8.一种用于冠状病毒荧光染色方法的试剂,其特征在于该试剂含有权利要求1所述的特异性荧光素标记多肽和缓冲体系。
9.根据权利要求8所述的缓冲体系,其特征在于包括PBS缓冲体系(50mM,PH=7.4)。
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