CN115286700A - 一种具有血浆稳定性的镇痛多肽 - Google Patents
一种具有血浆稳定性的镇痛多肽 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种镇痛多肽,所述多肽的结构为A‑B。其中A代表α9α10乙酰胆碱受体的α‑芋螺毒素及其α‑芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物,例如RgIA、Vc1.1、GeXIVA、GeXXVIIA、Gex‑2。其中B代表缀合物,所述缀合物能够阻止血浆中的蛋白酶对α‑芋螺毒素及α‑芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物的降解。本发明的镇痛多肽通过屏蔽多肽上的正电荷,减少蛋白酶对多肽衍生物的降解,提高其血浆稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学领域。具体涉及一种具有镇痛活性的多肽,特别涉及具有血浆稳定性的镇痛活性多肽。
背景技术
神经病理性疼痛是由外周或中枢神经系统受损引起的慢性疼痛,折磨着全球8%的人口,不仅严重影响了患者的身心健康和生活质量,而且消耗了数以百亿美元计的医疗资源(N.B.Finnerup,R.Kuner,and T.S.Jensen,“Neuropathic Pain:From Mechanisms toTreatment.,”Physiol Rev,vol.101,no.1,pp.259–301,Jan.2021)。我国的神经痛患者人数远超1亿人,神经痛造成的医疗损失比癌症、心脏病和糖尿病三大类疾病的总和还要多,但却尚未找到针对性治疗神经痛的药物(长孙东亭,罗素兰.新型镇痛海洋药物芋螺毒素GeXIVA的临床前研究[C].第十四届生物毒素毒理学术大会暨第一届生物毒素——从生存适应到转化医学专题学术会议会刊.2019:31.)。
目前,阿片类药物和非甾体抗炎药物是临床最常用的镇痛药,但这些药物有诸多副作用,如困倦、恶心、呼吸抑制、呕吐、便秘和胃肠道紊乱等。特别是阿片类药物有明显的滥用倾向(S.B.Christensen et al.,“RgIA4 Potently Blocks Mouseα9α10nAChRs andProvides Long Lasting Protection against Oxaliplatin-Induced Cold Allodynia,”Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,vol.11,2017)。除阿片受体外的其他镇痛靶点如乙酰胆碱受体、钠离子通道、钙离子通道等逐渐受到了研究者的关注。研究表明,乙酰胆碱受体中的α9α10亚型可能是治疗慢性疼痛,特别是神经性疼痛的潜在靶点(诸德源,王一然,蔡国君,徐添颖.烟碱乙酰胆碱受体作为镇痛靶点的研究进展[J].药学实践杂志,2015,33(04):309-312+375.)。α9α10乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)的拮抗剂在动物疼痛模型中表现出了良好的镇痛效果,其中α-芋螺毒素Vc1.1、RgIA和GeXIVA是目前活性较好的鼠源α9α10nAChR抑制剂,三者在不同动物疼痛模型中均表现出了卓越的镇痛作用(D.W.Sandall et al.,“ANovelα-Conotoxin Identified by Gene Sequencing Is Active in Suppressing theVascular Response to Selective Stimulation of Sensory Nerves in Vivo,”Biochemistry,vol.42,no.22,pp.6904–6911,Jun.2003;M.Ellison et al.,“α-RgIA:ANovel Conotoxin That Specifically and Potently Blocks theα9α10nAChR,”Biochemistry,vol.45,no.5,pp.1511–1517,Feb.2006;Luo Sulan et al.,“Cloning,synthesis,and characterization ofαO-conotoxin GeXIVA,a potentα9α10nicotinicacetylcholine receptor antagonist,”Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences,vol.112,no.30,pp.E4026–E4035,Jul.2015)。然而Vc1.1和RgIA在啮齿动物α9α10nAChR上的活性远高于其在人α9α10nAChR上的活性,导致了研究终止(Bufalo DelAlessandra,Cesario Alfredo,Salinaro Gianluca,Fini Massimo and Russo Patrizia,Alpha9Alpha10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors as Target for the Treatmentof Chronic Pain,Current Pharmaceutical Design.20(38)2014.)。
芋螺毒素(GeXIVA)是海洋来源的生物活性多肽,通常由10-50个氨基酸残基组成,含有丰富的二级结构以及数个二硫键,稳定的结构和多样的药理作用使其在药物开发方面展现出了非常广阔的前景。芋螺毒素按其前体蛋白的内质网信号肽序列的相似性以及半胱氨酸模式,分为不同的基因家族,至今,所有已知的芋螺毒素可分为18个超家族;芋螺毒素(肽)按其受体靶位可分为α、ω、μ、δ等多种药理学家族。其中的α类芋螺毒素(α-Conotoxins)具有阻断烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)的功能;不含有半胱氨酸的芋螺毒素肽Conantokins则具有阻断N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDA受体,N-methyl-D-aspartic acidreceptor,NMDAR)的功能(Ai-Hua Jin,Markus Muttenthaler,Sebastien Dutertre,S.W.A.Himaya,Conotoxins:Chemistry and Biology,”Chem.Rev.,vol.119,no.21,pp.11510–11549,Nov.2019,)。其中,选择性抑制α9α10乙酰胆碱受体的α-芋螺毒素RgIA、Vc1.1和GeXIVA在动物疼痛模型中表现出了良好的镇痛效果,通过皮下或肌肉注射可以减轻由外伤、炎症或神经损伤引起的疼痛。GeXIVA的发现避开了物种差异性大的缺点,但其序列冗长结构复杂,使其作为药物开发也面临棘手的问题。通过对芋螺毒素中GeXXVIIA与GeXIVA的结构进行简化改造,获得一系列活性与GeXIVA相当、结构简单的直链多肽化合物,例如Gex-2、……。虽然这些改造的直链多肽化合物具有较好的镇痛作用,但也具有多肽类药物共有的缺点:容易被多种蛋白酶所降解,并且具有很高的血液、肾脏清除率,导致其体内稳定性差,在实际应用中存在许多局限性。
发明内容
提高多肽在生物体内参与循环的稳定性是开发多肽类药物的关键所在,减少蛋白酶对多肽衍生物的降解为解决上述技术问题提供了方向。
因此,第一方面,本发明提供一种镇痛多肽,所述多肽的结构为A-B。
其中A代表α9α10乙酰胆碱受体的α-芋螺毒素及其α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物,例如PeIA及其衍生物、RgIA及其衍生物RgIA4等、Vc1.1及其衍生物、GeXIVA及其衍生物、Gex-2及其类似物等。
其中B代表缀合物,所述缀合物能够阻止血浆中的蛋白酶对α-芋螺毒素及α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物的降解。
进一步,所述缀合物选自脂肪酸和聚乙二醇,更进一步,所述脂肪酸的碳原子数为C2-25,优选碳原子数为C2-20,更优选碳原子数为C10-20,进一步优选表1中的脂肪酸链;所述聚乙二醇的分子量不小于1000,优选为300-800,进一步优选表2中的聚乙二醇(PEG)。
A和B通过共价键链接,所述共价键为酰胺键或酯键。
表1:
表2
第二方面,本发明提供一种镇痛药物组合物,该药物组合物含有本发明的结构为A-B的镇痛多肽和可选的药学上可接受的辅料。其中A代表α9α10乙酰胆碱受体的α-芋螺毒素及其α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物,例如PeIA及其衍生物、RgIA及其衍生物RgIA4等、Vc1.1及其衍生物、GeXIVA及其衍生物、Gex-2及其类似物等。
其中B代表缀合物,所述缀合物能够阻止血浆中的蛋白酶对α-芋螺毒素及α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物的降解。
进一步,所述缀合物选自脂肪酸和聚乙二醇,更进一步,所述脂肪酸的碳原子数为C2-25,优选碳原子数为C2-20,更优选碳原子数为C10-20,进一步优选表1中的脂肪酸链;所述聚乙二醇的分子量不小于1000,优选为300-800,进一步优选表2中的聚乙二醇(PEG)。
A和B通过共价键链接,所述共价键为酰胺键或酯键。
第三方面,本发明提供本发明的结构为A-B的镇痛多肽在治疗疼痛类疾病的药物中的应用,其中A代表α9α10乙酰胆碱受体的α-芋螺毒素及其α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物,例如PeIA及其衍生物、RgIA及其衍生物RgIA4等、Vc1.1及其衍生物、GeXIVA及其衍生物、Gex-2及其类似物等。
其中B代表缀合物,所述缀合物能够阻止血浆中的蛋白酶对α-芋螺毒素及α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物的降解。
进一步,所述缀合物选自脂肪酸和聚乙二醇,更进一步,所述脂肪酸的碳原子数为C2-25,优选碳原子数为C2-20,更优选碳原子数为C10-20,进一步优选表1中的脂肪酸链;所述聚乙二醇的分子量不小于1000,优选为300-800,进一步优选表2中的聚乙二醇(PEG)。
A和B通过共价键链接,所述共价键为酰胺键或酯键。
所述疼痛类包括神经痛、成瘾、帕金森症、癫痫症、局部缺血、兴奋性神经元细胞死亡、痴呆、乳腺癌、肺癌、脑脊髓炎、癌症与癌症化疗、酒精中毒、坐骨神经痛、糖尿病、三叉神经痛、硬化症、带状疱疹、机械伤和手术伤、艾滋病、头部神经瘫痪、药物中毒、工业污染中毒、淋巴神经痛、骨髓瘤、多点运动神经痛、慢性先天性感觉神经病、急性剧烈自发性神经痛、挤压神经痛、脉管炎、血管炎、局部缺血、尿毒症、儿童胆汁肝脏疾病、慢性呼吸障碍、复合神经痛、多器官衰竭、脓毒病/脓血症、肝炎、卟啉症、维生素缺乏、慢性肝脏病、原生胆汁硬化、高血脂症、麻疯病、莱姆关节炎、感觉神经束膜炎或过敏症。
第四方面,本发明进一步提供一种制备结构为A-B的镇痛多肽的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
1)固相合成法合成直链多肽(A):
2)A与缀合物通过缩合剂在室温反应完成缩合,并进一步通过反向HPLC纯化。
所述缩合剂选自2eq的Pybop(六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷)和2eq的DIEA
其中A代表α9α10乙酰胆碱受体的α-芋螺毒素及其α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物,例如PeIA及其衍生物、RgIA及其衍生物RgIA4等、Vc1.1及其衍生物、GeXIVA及其衍生物、Gex-2及其类似物等。
其中B代表缀合物,所述缀合物能够阻止血浆中的蛋白酶对α-芋螺毒素及α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物的降解。
进一步,所述缀合物选自脂肪酸和聚乙二醇,更进一步,所述脂肪酸的碳原子数为C2-25,优选碳原子数为C2-20,更优选碳原子数为C10-20,进一步优选表1中的脂肪酸链;所述聚乙二醇的分子量不小于1000,优选为300-800,进一步优选表2中的聚乙二醇(PEG)。
A和B通过共价键链接,所述共价键为酰胺键或酯键。
本发明的镇痛多肽通常带有正电荷,极容易与血浆蛋白结合导致多肽降解,通过缀合物例如脂肪酸链或聚乙二醇等可以与血浆中的血清白蛋白结合并通过屏蔽多肽上的正电荷,减少蛋白酶对多肽衍生物的降解,提高其血浆稳定性,其适宜长度的脂肪酸链或适宜分子量的聚乙二醇可以在维持多肽活性的情况下大幅提高其体内的稳定性。
附图说明:
图1.Gex-2及其衍生物在人血清中的稳定性。(A)Gex-2及其脂肪酸衍生物在人血清中的稳定性;(B)Gex-2及其PEG衍生物在人血清中的稳定性。
图2.Gex-2类似物在25μg/kg浓度下在给药1h后的痛阈测试。(A)偶联聚乙二醇的Gex-2类似物对CCI大鼠机械痛痛阈的影响;(B)偶联脂肪酸链的Gex-2类似物对CCI大鼠机械痛痛阈的影响。
图3.Gex-2类似物在25μg/kg浓度下在给药24h后的痛阈测试。(A)偶联聚乙二醇的Gex-2类似物对CCI大鼠机械痛痛阈的影响;(B)偶联脂肪酸链的Gex-2类似物对CCI大鼠热痛痛阈的影响。
图4.CCI实验结束时大鼠体重
图5.Gex-2衍生物在HEK-293T细胞上的毒性。(A)Gex-2偶联PEG6的细胞毒性;(B)Gex-2偶联PEG8的细胞毒性;(C)Gex-2偶联FA16的细胞毒性;(D)Gex-2偶联FA18的细胞毒性。
具体实施方式
为更好理解本发明,首先定义一些术语。其他定义则贯穿具体实施方式部分而列出。同时CN202011382117.2的内容全部引入本发明。
如本文所用,术语“多肽”意图涵盖单个“多肽”以及多个“多肽”,并且是指由通过酰胺键(还被称为肽键)线性连接的单体(氨基酸)构成的分子。术语“多肽”是指含有两个或更多个氨基酸的任何一个或多个链,并且不是指特定长度的产物。因此,肽、二肽、三肽、寡肽、“蛋白质”、“氨基酸链”或用于表示两个或更多个氨基酸的一个或多个链的任何其它术语都被包括在“多肽”的定义内,并且术语“多肽”可以代替或与任何这些术语互换使用。
本发明的多肽或改造后的多肽可具有约3个或更多个、5个或更多个、10个或更多个、20个或更多个、25个或更多个、50个或更多个氨基酸的大小。多肽可具有限定的三维结构,但是它们不必具有这种结构。具有限定的三维结构的多肽被称为折叠的,并且不具有限定的三维结构、而是可采用许多不同构象的多肽被称为未折叠的。
本发明源自芋螺毒素的活性多肽可以根据天然芋螺毒素的序列延长或缩短,剪切芋螺毒素的序列通常会降低其活性,但也存在例外情形,例如GID芋螺毒素N末端自由端(4个氨基酸的自由多肽片段),被剪切后仍然可以保留靶向α4β2nAChR的活性(J BiolChem.2009Feb 20;284(8):4944-51)。因此,通过剪切N末端1-4个氨基酸而基本保留多肽的活性是有可能的。
术语“多肽”或改造后的“多肽”或多肽的衍生物还意图表示多肽的表达后修饰产物,所述修饰包括但不限于糖基化、乙酰化、磷酸化、酰胺化、通过已知保护/阻断基团衍生化、蛋白水解性裂解或被非天然存在的氨基酸修饰。多肽可以源自天然生物来源或由重组技术产生,但不必从指定核酸序列翻译。它可以任何方式产生,包括通过化学合成。在多肽结构优化过程中通常采用非天然修饰或者糖基化策略提高多肽的活性、稳定性与选择性。通过采用类似物理化学性质的非天然氨基酸替代序列中的天然氨基酸可以提高多肽的稳定性(J Biol Chem.2009Apr 3;284(14):9498-512.;ACS Chem Neurosci.2019Oct 16;10(10):4328-4336)。例如采用Arg-1(侧链含有4个C长度的精氨酸类似物)、Arg-2(侧链含有2个C长度的精氨酸类似物)、Arg-3(侧链含有1个C长度的精氨酸类似物)等替代Gex-2序列中碱性氨基酸Arg可以潜在保留或提高其活性,采用Pro的类似物
4-(R)-hydroxy-L-proline、[4-(R)-OH]、4-(R)-amino-L-proline,[4-(R)-NH2]、4-(S)-amino-L-proline,[4-(S)-NH2]、4-(R)-guanidino-L-proline,[4-(R)-Gn]、4-(R)-betainamidyl-L-proline,[4-(R)-Bet]、4-(R)-fluoro-L-proline,[4-(R)-F]、4-(S)-fluoro-L-proline,[4-(S)-F]、4-(R)-phenyl-L-proline,[4-(R)-Ph]、4-(S)-phenyl-L-proline,[4-(S)-Ph4-(R)-1-naphthylmethyl-L-proline、4-(R)-Nap]4-()-benzyl-L-proline,[4-(R)-Bzl3-(S)-phenyl-L-proline,[3-(S)-Ph]、5-(R)-phenyl-L-proline,[5-(R)-Ph]
等可以潜在保留甚至提高Gex-2的活性。采用糖基化方法可以显著提高多肽的稳定性、半衰期与生物利用度(Trends Biochem.Sci.2006,31,156–163;Carbohydr.Res.2009,344,1508–1514;Front Pharmacol.2013Dec 13;4:155),目前糖基化的氨基酸主要包括Ser、Thr及Asn,因此可以预期对Gex-2序列中5号位Ser或者位Thr进行糖基化可以提高多肽的稳定性、半衰期与生物利用度。
本发明的多肽还包括前述多肽的片段、衍生物、类似物或变体以及其任何组合。在提及本发明的多肽时,术语“片段”、“变体”、“衍生物”以及“类似物”包括保持相应多肽的至少一些生物活性和/或功能。
本发明多肽的变体包括多肽的片段,以及由于氨基酸取代、缺失或插入而具有改变的氨基酸序列的多肽。变体可天然存在或可以是非天然存在的。非天然存在的变体可使用本领域已知的诱变技术来产生。变体多肽可包含保守或非保守氨基酸取代、缺失或添加。多肽的衍生物是已经被改变以便展现在天然多肽上未发现的另外特征的多肽。实例包括融合蛋白。变体多肽在本文中还可被称为“多肽衍生物”。如本文所用,多肽的“衍生物”是指具有通过官能侧基的反应化学衍生的一个或多个残基的主题多肽。“衍生物”还包括含有二十个标准氨基酸的一个或多个天然存在的氨基酸衍生物的那些肽。例如,4-羟基脯氨酸可以取代脯氨酸;5-羟基赖氨酸可以取代赖氨酸;3-甲基组氨酸可以取代组氨酸;高丝氨酸可以取代丝氨酸;并且鸟氨酸可以取代赖氨酸。在本发明中使用的氨基酸可以是D-或L-异构体或它们的混合物。
术语“组合物”或“药物组合物”可包括含有本发明的活性多肽以及例如药学上可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稀释剂的组合物,所述组合物被施用至受试者个体。
术语“药学上可接受的”是指在合理的医学判断范围内适合于与人类和动物的组织接触而无过度毒性或其它并发症、与合理的利益/风险比相称的组合物。在一些方面,本文所述的多肽、多核苷酸、组合物和疫苗是药学上可接受的。
术语“受试者”是指需要诊断、预后、免疫或治疗的任何受试者,特别是哺乳动物受试者。哺乳动物受试者包括但不限于人、家养动物、农场动物、动物园动物如熊、运动动物、宠物动物如狗、猫、豚鼠、兔、大鼠、小鼠、马、牛、熊、奶牛;灵长类动物,如猿、猴、猩猩和黑猩猩;犬科动物,如狗和狼;猫科动物,如猫、狮子和老虎;马科动物,如马、驴和斑马;食用动物,如牛、猪和绵羊;有蹄类动物,如鹿和长颈鹿;啮齿动物,如小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠和豚鼠等。在一个优选的实施例中,受试者是人。
实施例1:Gex-2直链多肽的合成
Fmoc固相合成法合成Gex-2直链多肽,包括如下步骤:
1.选用RAM树脂为起始树脂载体(取代度0.324),DCM溶胀30min后进行脱除Fmoc操作,脱除时间20min,温度30℃;
2.用DMF洗涤树脂5-6遍,用DCM洗涤树脂;
3.称取树脂3eq的C端第一个氨基酸,3eq的HBTU,加入到树脂反应瓶当中,加入DMF将树脂鼓泡吹起来,然后加入6eq的DIEA,30℃反应30min;
4.用DMF洗涤树脂5-6遍,用DCM洗涤树脂;
5.称取树脂3eq的C端第二个氨基酸,3eq的HBTU,加入到树脂反应瓶当中,加入DMF将树脂鼓泡吹起来,然后加入6eq的DIEA,30℃反应30min;
6.重复第5步骤,直至直链肽合成完毕。
实施例2:Gex-2-PEG的合成
PEG选择PEG4、PEG6和PEG8.以PEG4为例给出制备方法,PEG6和PEG8同如下所述方法。
PEG4:
Fmoc-NH-PEG4-CH2COOH为油状淡黄色液体,称量树脂的1.5eq,缩合剂选用2eq的Pybop,2eq的DIEA为有机碱,室温反应4h。反应完成后用三氟乙酸/水/乙二硫醇/苯酚/硫苯甲醚=90:5:2.5:7.5:5将多肽从树脂上切割下来,并用冰乙醚沉淀和洗涤回收线性肽粗品,质谱鉴定分子量,用制备型反向HPLC C8柱纯化多肽样品,溶剂A为90%纯水、10%乙腈(ACN)和0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA);溶剂B为60%纯水,40%乙腈(ACN)和0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA),洗脱线性梯度为在40min内使溶剂B从0%-60%。纯化后用分析型的HPCC18柱进行纯度检测,保证其纯度达到96%以上即可。
实施例3:Gex-2-FA的合成
脂肪酸示例性的选择FA16、FA17和FA18
称量出树脂的1.2-1.5eq的脂肪酸,缩合剂选用2eq的Pybop,2eq的DIEA为有机碱,室温反应4h。反应完成后用质谱鉴定分子量,而后进行纯化。纯化后用分析型的HPCC18柱进行纯度检测,保证其纯度达到96%以上即可。
实施例4:稳定性评价
实验方法
1.人血清在15000g下离心15min以去除脂质,然后在37℃下孵育15min,使血清中酶的活性逐渐恢复至最佳;
2.生理盐水溶解实施例2和3获得的多肽,以多肽:血清=1:9的比例配置终浓度为0.25mM的多肽溶液;
3.将多肽血清溶液于37℃下孵育,分别于0,0.5,1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12和24h取出三等份,每份30μL,取出后加入30μL 20%TFA在4℃冷萃10min;
4.用14000g转速离心10min,取上清,使用Buffer B的线性梯度(90%乙腈加0.1%TFA),用Phenomenex C18分析柱以0.5mL/min的速率用RP-UPLC进行分析,在214nm下进行检测。
实施例5:稳定性评价
稳定性
我们将Gex-2做对照,分别测试了脂肪酸衍生物和PEG衍生物在人血清中的稳定性,测试结果如图1所示,图1.Gex-2及其衍生物在人血清中的稳定性。(A)Gex-2及其脂肪酸衍生物在人血清中的稳定性;(B)Gex-2及其PEG衍生物在人血清中的稳定性。由图1可以看出,Gex-2在人血清中稳定性较差,1h后几乎已全部降解,但将脂肪酸链或PEG偶联至Gex-2上时,Gex-2的稳定性大幅提高,其脂肪酸及PEG衍生物在24h内几乎都不发生降解,说明我们通过脂肪酸/PEG偶联的方式成功提高了Gex-2的血清稳定性。
体内活性
我们建立了大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤(CCI)模型,并测试了Gex-2的衍生物Gex-2-PEG6、Gex-2-PEG8、Gex-2-FA16和Gex-2-FA18在CCI大鼠上的镇痛活性。
首先,我们测试了25μg/kg的衍生物在CCI大鼠上的镇痛活性,阳性对照选用的是市场上用于治疗神经痛的药物普瑞巴林,连续给药一周,每次给药后在1h和24h分别测定大鼠的机械痛足爪缩回阈值(PWT)。
表1.动物分组级给药实验设计
给药1h后测试的大鼠痛阈如图2所示:
图2.Gex-2类似物在25μg/kg浓度下在给药1h后的痛阈测试。(A)偶联聚乙二醇的Gex-2类似物对CCI大鼠机械痛痛阈的影响;(B)偶联脂肪酸链的Gex-2类似物对CCI大鼠机械痛痛阈的影响。从图可见,从机械痛数据来看,Gex-2偶联6聚乙二醇的衍生物镇痛效果并不明显,而Gex-2偶联8聚乙二醇的衍生物与以及Gex-2的脂肪酸衍生物对CCI大鼠的疼痛起到了显著的缓解作用,镇痛效果与30mg/kg的普瑞巴林起到的镇痛效果相当。该数据表明,对于急性疼痛的缓解作用,四种衍生物的排序应为PEG8>FA16≈FA18>PEG6。给药24h后测试的大鼠痛阈如图3所示:图3.Gex-2类似物在25μg/kg浓度下在给药24h后的痛阈测试。(A)偶联聚乙二醇的Gex-2类似物对CCI大鼠机械痛痛阈的影响;(B)偶联脂肪酸链的Gex-2类似物对CCI大鼠热痛痛阈的影响。如图3所示,在给药24h后,Gex-2衍生物仍然具有一定的镇痛活性,但此时脂肪酸衍生物系列的活性要高于聚乙二醇衍生物系列的活性,考虑是由于脂肪酸链与血清白蛋白之间的结合相当于使Gex-2起到了缓释作用,因此可以使FA衍生物比PEG衍生物更长久的发挥药效。
在实验完成的当天,我们称量了不同组别大鼠的体重并进行了记录,结果如图4所示:根据对大鼠的饮食的观察,发现给药组的饮食并没有明显变化,且如图4所示,连续给药并没有影响大鼠的体重。通过对大鼠的观察,我们发现所有组别的大鼠毛发光泽均正常,并且不同组别的大鼠进食量和饮水量基本一致,大鼠未出现胃肠道反应,也未观察到燥郁等神经毒副作用。
细胞毒性
在血浆稳定性和体内镇痛活性方面,Gex-2的聚乙二醇衍生物和脂肪酸链衍生物之间未表现出明显的差异,所以我们对两类衍生物进行了细胞毒性测试,希望通过综合活性和安全性评价的结果,选取最适合Gex-2的偶联方式。
我们选用了HEK-293T人胚胎肾细胞对Gex-2的四个衍生物进行了细胞毒测试,结果如图5所示:
图5.Gex-2衍生物在HEK-293T细胞上的毒性。(A)Gex-2偶联PEG6的细胞毒性;(B)Gex-2偶联PEG8的细胞毒性;(C)Gex-2偶联FA16的细胞毒性;(D)Gex-2偶联FA18的细胞毒性。
由图5可以看出,Gex-2的聚乙二醇衍生物安全性较高,在远高于给药剂量的50μM的浓度下不会导致HEK-293T细胞的损伤或死亡;而脂肪酸链衍生物在1μM的浓度下即出现细胞毒性,Gex-2-FA16在50μM的浓度下细胞存活率小于70%,Gex-2-FA18在50μM的浓度下细胞存活率仅有20%,说明Gex-2偶联脂肪酸链之后会导致其产生较强的细胞毒性。
综合聚乙二醇和脂肪酸链两种衍生物的稳定性、活性以及细胞毒性数据,我们认为聚乙二醇和脂肪酸缀合都是适合于Gex-2的修饰方式。
Claims (8)
1.一种镇痛多肽,所述多肽的结构为A-B,其中A代表α9α10乙酰胆碱受体的α-芋螺毒素及其α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物,选自RgIA、Vc1.1、GeXIVA、GeXXVIIA、Gex-2等,其中B代表缀合物,所述缀合物能够阻止血浆中的蛋白酶对α-芋螺毒素及α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物的降解,A和B通过共价键链接。
2.如权利要求1所述的镇痛多肽,其中所述缀合物选自脂肪酸和聚乙二醇。
3.如权利要求2所述的镇痛多肽,所述脂肪酸的碳原子数为C2-25,优选碳原子数为C2-20,更优选碳原子数为C10-20,所述聚乙二醇的分子量不小于1000,优选为300-800。
4.一种镇痛药物组合物,该药物组合物含有权利要求1-3任一项所述的镇痛多肽和可选的药学上可接受的辅料。
5.权利要求1-3任一项所述的镇痛多肽或权利要求4所述的镇痛组合物在制备疼痛类疾病的药物中的应用。
6.如权利要求5所述的应用,其中疼痛类包括神经痛、成瘾、帕金森症、癫痫症、局部缺血、兴奋性神经元细胞死亡、痴呆、乳腺癌、肺癌、脑脊髓炎、癌症与癌症化疗、酒精中毒、坐骨神经痛、糖尿病、三叉神经痛、硬化症、带状疱疹、机械伤和手术伤、艾滋病、头部神经瘫痪、药物中毒、工业污染中毒、淋巴神经痛、骨髓瘤、多点运动神经痛、慢性先天性感觉神经病、急性剧烈自发性神经痛、挤压神经痛、脉管炎、血管炎、局部缺血、尿毒症、儿童胆汁肝脏疾病、慢性呼吸障碍、复合神经痛、多器官衰竭、脓毒病/脓血症、肝炎、卟啉症、维生素缺乏、慢性肝脏病、原生胆汁硬化、高血脂症、麻疯病、莱姆关节炎、感觉神经束膜炎或过敏症。
7.一种制备权利要求1-3任一项所述的镇痛多肽的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
1)固相合成法合成直链多肽(A):
2)A与缀合物(B)通过缩合剂在室温反应完成缩合,并进一步通过反向HPLC纯化,
所述缩合剂选自2eq的Pybop,所述直链多肽为α9α10乙酰胆碱受体的α-芋螺毒素及其α-芋螺毒素改造后的多肽衍生物,例如RgIA、Vc1.1、GeXIVA、GeXXVIIA、Gex-2,所述缀合物选自脂肪酸和聚乙二醇。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述脂肪酸的碳原子数为C2-25,优选碳原子数为C2-20,所述聚乙二醇的分子量不小于1000,优选为300-800。
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CN114573674A (zh) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-03 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种α9α10 nAChR抑制活性肽及其应用 |
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