CN115275584B - Broadband bidirectional radiation same-rotation-direction circularly polarized helical antenna based on 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Broadband bidirectional radiation same-rotation-direction circularly polarized helical antenna based on 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN115275584B CN115275584B CN202211171345.4A CN202211171345A CN115275584B CN 115275584 B CN115275584 B CN 115275584B CN 202211171345 A CN202211171345 A CN 202211171345A CN 115275584 B CN115275584 B CN 115275584B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
- H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
- H01Q11/083—Tapered helical aerials, e.g. conical spiral aerials
Abstract
The invention provides a broadband bidirectional radiation same-rotation-direction circularly polarized helical antenna based on a 3D printing technology, which comprises a feed structure and two double-arm helical structures positioned on two sides of the feed structure, wherein the two double-arm helical structures are in mirror symmetry with respect to an XY plane, each double-arm helical structure comprises two helical arms which are spirally wound in a staggered mode, and the helical radius of each helical arm is gradually reduced from the feed structure along the axial direction. The invention has the advantages of wide axial ratio bandwidth, stable in-band radiation performance and convenient processing.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the antenna field, especially relates to broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotating direction circular polarization helical antenna based on 3D printing technology.
Background
In modern wireless communication systems, antennas with two-way radiation capability are commonly used in long and narrow environments with deep depths, such as long streets, tunnels, bridges, highways, and the like. The radiation beams of the antenna can be well attached to the application scenes, and the stability and the reliability of a channel can be effectively improved. As for the polarization form, the circularly polarized bidirectional antenna is most widely used, which is to avoid the problem of polarization mismatch between the transmitting and receiving terminals, and also to improve the communication quality to some extent. However, due to the natural nature of circularly polarized radiation, its handedness in two opposite directions must be opposite, i.e. when one end is left-handed circular polarized, the other end is right-handed circular polarized, and vice versa. This results in a severe polarization mismatch of the bi-directional antenna in both radiation directions. Therefore, it is of practical significance to research a bidirectional co-rotating circularly polarized antenna.
In order to implement such an antenna, some related solutions have been proposed in the last years, such as: document 1 y, zhao, k, wei, z, zhang, and z, feng, "a wave guide antenna with bidirectional circular polarization of the same sense," IEEE Antennas Wireless performance, let, vol, 12, pp, 559-562,2013 "proposes an antenna design based on a waveguide structure that uses two metal patches placed at ± 45 degrees to generate orthogonal electric fields, and uses a physical spacing of a quarter wavelength between the patches to achieve a phase difference of 90 degrees between the orthogonal electric fields, thereby generating circularly polarized waves of the same handedness in two opposite radiation directions. Document 2 "Single-layer Single-fed circular polarized radiation of the same sense" IEEE Antennas Wireless property testing, let, vol.16, pp.621-624, 2017 "adopt a" back-to-back "form to combine two unidirectionally radiating co-rotating circularly polarized Antennas, thereby achieving the purpose of bidirectional co-rotating. Document 3 w, liu, y, li, z, zhang, and z, feng, "a bidirectional array of the same left-handed polarized polarization a specific substrate," IEEE Antennas Wireless performance, lett, vol, 12, pp, 1543-1546,2013 "proposes an eight-unit dipole array, where two adjacent dipoles are orthogonally placed and spaced by a quarter wavelength, and a 90-degree phase difference between orthogonal electric fields is realized by a physical spacing of the quarter wavelength between the patches, thereby generating circularly polarized waves of the same handedness in two opposite radiation directions. Chinese patent publication nos. CN112701438A and CN112838358A combine the broadband polarizer and the bidirectional linear polarization source, and respectively propose a design based on the dielectric polarizer and a design based on the linear gradient slot polarizer. While these designs provide good solutions for bi-directional co-rotating circularly polarized antennas, there are still some drawbacks. First, the currently reported schemes generally have the problem of narrow bandwidth, and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antennas in documents 1 to 3 is less than 20%, although the axial ratio bandwidth is increased to 30% in the two patent publications, the application of the axial ratio bandwidth in the broadband communication system is still difficult. Secondly, the reported scheme generally has the problem of difficult processing, and the whole processing process usually needs a plurality of technological processes, such as PCB processing, sheet metal processing, later manual welding, electroplating and the like. This adds virtually a lot of manufacturing costs, while manual welding, assembly etc. may also lead to processing errors, which in turn affect the antenna performance. In addition, in most of the reported schemes, the antenna gain is also low, and the current wireless communication system usually needs higher gain, so that the design of the high-gain bidirectional co-rotating circularly polarized antenna has practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband bidirectional radiation same-rotation-direction circularly polarized helical antenna based on a 3D printing technology, and aims to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth, low gain, difficulty in processing, complex process and the like of the traditional bidirectional same-rotation-direction circularly polarized antenna in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the broadband bidirectional radiation same-rotation direction circularly polarized helical antenna based on the 3D printing technology comprises a feed structure and two double-arm helical structures positioned at two sides of the feed structure, wherein the two double-arm helical structures are in mirror symmetry about an XY plane,
each double-arm spiral structure comprises two spiral arms which are spirally wound in a staggered mode, and the spiral radius of each spiral arm is gradually reduced from the power feeding structure along the axial direction.
In a further improvement of the solution of the present invention, the feed structure comprises four fan-shaped structures and a parallel double-line structure, and the four fan-shaped structures are respectively located at four ends of the parallel double-line structure and are integrally connected with the parallel double-line structure.
According to the further improvement of the scheme of the invention, the four fan-shaped structures are respectively conformal with the four spiral arms. In a further improvement of the solution of the present invention, the feeding structure further comprises a coaxial connector through which the antenna is fed.
In a further improvement of the scheme of the invention, the determination mode of the spiral line of each spiral arm is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the radius of the bottom end of the spiral,
the pitch of the thread is shown,
the amount of change per turn of the radius of the spiral is shown,
，
is a spiral height, and
, 
the number of spiral turns is shown, and x, y and z are coordinates of each point on the spiral line under a rectangular coordinate system.
In a further improvement of the scheme of the invention, the antenna is made of a good conductor material.
In a further improvement of the solution of the present invention, the good conductor material is any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy and stainless steel.
In a further improvement of the scheme of the invention, two spiral arms in each double-arm spiral structure are connected through a connecting piece.
In addition, the scheme of the invention is further improved, and the connecting piece is realized by a medium 3D printing technology.
In a further improvement of the solution of the present invention, the material of the connecting member may be any insulating material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a design of a bidirectional co-rotation radiation circularly polarized helical antenna by combining a metal 3D printing process. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of wide axial ratio bandwidth (40%, 1.9-2.86 GHz), high gain (7 +/-1 dBi in band), stable in-band radiation performance, and the performance of the high-gain antenna is far superior to the current technical level; in processing, the method does not need complicated process flows, only needs a metal 3D printing process, and has the advantages of convenience in processing, time and labor saving and low cost; in principle, the present invention applies the spiral structure to the design of the bidirectional co-rotation circularly polarized antenna, and no relevant research has been proposed in the reported literature. Based on the characteristics of the spiral structure and the conformal feeding structure design of the broadband, the broadband effect is realized.
Drawings
In order to illustrate embodiments of the invention or solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or solutions in the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and for a person skilled in the art, without inventive effort, other drawings may be obtained from these drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a full view of a broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotation circularly polarized helical antenna based on a 3D printing technology in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a full view of a feed structure of a broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotation circularly polarized helical antenna based on a 3D printing technology in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the first spiral arm, the fourth spiral arm, the first fan-shaped structure, the second fan-shaped structure, and the second parallel line in the parallel double-line structure after being integrally formed according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the second spiral arm, the third fan-shaped structure, the fourth fan-shaped structure and the first parallel line in the parallel double-line structure after being integrally formed in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic overall assembly diagram of a broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotation circularly polarized helical antenna based on a 3D printing technology in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of impedance matching characteristics of a broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotation circularly polarized helical antenna based on a 3D printing technology in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an axial ratio characteristic diagram of a broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotation circularly polarized helical antenna based on a 3D printing technology in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of gain characteristics of a broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotation circularly polarized helical antenna based on a 3D printing technology in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a directional diagram of a broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotating circularly polarized helical antenna based on a 3D printing technology in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, a first spiral arm 11, a second spiral arm 12, a feeding structure 13, a third spiral arm 14, a fourth spiral arm 15, a first fan-shaped structure 21, a second fan-shaped structure 22, a third fan-shaped structure 23, a fourth fan-shaped structure 24, a coaxial connector 25, a first parallel line 26, a second parallel line 27, a first connector 31, a second connector 32, a third connector 33, and a fourth connector 34.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only, do not specifically refer to an order or sequence, and do not limit the present invention, but merely distinguish components or operations described in the same technical terms, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying any relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a broadband bidirectional co-rotation circularly polarized helical antenna based on a metal 3D printing technology. As shown in fig. 1, the antenna includes one feed structure 13 and two bifilar helical structures on both sides of the feed structure, the two bifilar helical structures being mirror-symmetrical with respect to the XY plane, each bifilar helical structure including two helical arms spirally wound in a staggered manner, and a helical radius of each helical arm gradually decreasing in an axial direction from the feed structure 13.
In some embodiments of the present invention, there are four helical arms, which are defined as a first helical arm 11, a second helical arm 12, a third helical arm 14, and a fourth helical arm 15, respectively. Wherein, the first spiral arm 11 and the second spiral arm 12 form a double-arm spiral structure and are positioned at one side of the antenna, and the third spiral arm 14 and the fourth spiral arm 15 form another double-arm spiral structure and are positioned at the other side of the antenna. The two bifilar helical structures are identical in structure and mirror symmetric about the XY plane. The feed structure 13 is located between the two double-arm spiral structures and integrally connected with the four spiral arms. The radius of the spiral gradually decreases from the position of the feed structure 13 along the axial direction, and the gradual change mode is linear gradual change. The overall shape of the antenna resembles a shuttle, and each spiral line is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the radius of the bottom end of the spiral,
the pitch of the thread is shown,
the amount of change per turn of the helix radius is indicated,
，
is a spiral height, and
, 
the number of helical turns is indicated. In some embodiments of the present invention, the specific values of each parameter are:
，
，
，
。
the spiral arm may have any cross-section, such as rectangular or circular.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feeding structure 13, where the feeding structure 13 includes four fan-shaped structures conformal with the spiral arms and a parallel double-line structure, and the fan-shaped structure is an impedance matching structure for broadband, which can implement broadband characteristics of the whole antenna. Four fan-shaped structures are defined as a first fan-shaped structure 21, a second fan-shaped structure 22, a third fan-shaped structure 23 and a fourth fan-shaped structure 24, and a parallel double-line structure includes a first parallel line 26 and a second parallel line 27, and the four fan-shaped structures are respectively located at four ends of the parallel double-line structure and integrally connected with the parallel double-line structure. The entire antenna is fed by a 50 ohm coaxial connector 25 located at the center of the parallel twin lines. The four fan-shaped structures are conformal with the four spiral arms respectively, and the arc lines of the fan-shaped structures are also spiral and have the same shape as the spiral lines.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the antenna is manufactured in two halves during the manufacturing process, i.e. the first helical arm 11, the fourth helical arm 15, the first fan-shaped structure 21, the second fan-shaped structure 22, and the second parallel line 27 in the parallel double line structure are integrally formed, as shown in fig. 3; the second helical arm 12, the third helical arm 14, the third fan-shaped structure 23, the fourth fan-shaped structure 24 and the first parallel line 26 in the parallel double line structure are integrally formed, as shown in fig. 4. The processing technology adopts a metal 3D printing process, and the material can be any good conductor material which can be used for 3D printing, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel and the like. Fig. 5 shows an assembly view of the antenna. After the two half parts are printed, the two half parts are assembled through the matching of a connecting piece and a screw, and the helical antenna provided by the invention is obtained, as shown in fig. 5. Specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, 4 connectors are provided, which are respectively defined as a first connector 31, a second connector 32, a third connector 33, and a fourth connector 34, 32,33, located at the feeding structure, and 31,34 are respectively located on the upper and lower two-arm spiral structures, and the four connectors jointly fix the whole antenna. Screw holes 351,352,381 and 382 are respectively formed at two ends of the connecting members 31 and 34, screw holes and positioning holes 361-366 and 371-376 are respectively formed at two ends of the connecting members 32 and 33, wherein the positioning holes 362,365,372 and 375 are positioning holes (the positioning holes are used for positioning the connecting members 32 and 33). The screw hole and the positioning hole are positioned at the hole opening position.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the connection is implemented by a media 3D printing technique, and the material may be any insulating material.
In operation, after the antenna is excited by the coaxial connector 25, energy is distributed in equal amplitude and in phase to the upper and lower two-arm helical structures symmetrical about the XY plane by the parallel two-wire structure. Both structures work in an axial mode, and electromagnetic waves are radiated to the atmosphere in a traveling wave mode. Because two axial modes point to + z and-z direction respectively, therefore this antenna can realize the function of two-way radiation, simultaneously, because two upper and lower both arms helical structure all arouse with the same point in the mode of same phase, so the electromagnetic wave of two radiations is the same phase superposition, has guaranteed the radiation performance in two directions. In order to make the antenna have broadband characteristics, the feed structure 13 employs a sector-shaped linear gradient structure conformal to the helix for each spiral arm, and the sector-shaped linear gradient structure conformal to the helix is essentially a broadband impedance transformer, and meanwhile, each spiral arm is a broadband structure with a linearly gradient radius, so that the whole antenna can realize a wider impedance bandwidth. On the other hand, the helical structure itself has a wide axial ratio bandwidth, and therefore, the antenna can realize broadband circular polarization characteristics while ensuring impedance matching. In addition, the two-arm helical structure in the axial mode has high directivity, which ensures that the antenna can obtain high gain characteristics.
In terms of antenna performance, FIG. 6 shows the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna, with the antenna having an | S within the range of 1.9-3GHz 11 And the I is less than-10 dB, the impedance bandwidth can reach 45.8%, and the impedance matching characteristic is good. The axial ratio characteristics of the antenna are shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen that the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3dB in a frequency band of 1.9-2.86GHz, the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna reaches 40%, and the antenna has broadband circular polarization characteristics. The gain characteristics of the antenna are shown in fig. 8, and the antenna gain is up to 8dBic, the average gain is 7dBic, and the fluctuation range is ± 1dBic within the axial ratio bandwidth range, which indicates that the antenna has good gain characteristics and stable gain within the operating frequency band. Fig. 9 shows the patterns of the antenna in the XZ and YZ planes at a center frequency of 2.4GHz, and it can be seen that the antenna is right-hand circularly polarized radiation, and has symmetric two-way radiation characteristics with low side lobes.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. The broadband bidirectional radiation same-rotation-direction circularly polarized helical antenna based on the 3D printing technology is characterized by comprising a feed structure and two double-arm helical structures positioned on two sides of the feed structure, wherein the two double-arm helical structures are in mirror symmetry with respect to an XY plane,
each double-arm spiral structure comprises two spiral arms which are spirally wound in a staggered mode, and the spiral radius of each spiral arm is gradually reduced from the power feeding structure (13) along the axial direction; the feed structure (13) comprises four fan-shaped structures and a parallel double-line structure, wherein the four fan-shaped structures are respectively positioned at the four tail ends of the parallel double-line structure and are integrally connected with the parallel double-line structure; the four sector structures are respectively conformal with the four spiral arms, and the radiation directions of the antenna are the + z axis direction and the-z axis direction of the antenna; the feeding structure (13) further comprises a coaxial connector (25), the antenna is fed through the coaxial connector (25); the parallel double-line structure comprises a first parallel line (26) and a second parallel line (27); the inner conductor of the coaxial connector (25) is connected to one of the first parallel line (26) or the second parallel line (27) of the parallel twinax configuration, and the outer conductor of the coaxial connector (25) is correspondingly connected to the other parallel line of the parallel twinax configuration.
2. The broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotating circularly polarized helical antenna based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein each helix is determined in a manner that:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the radius of the bottom end of the spiral,
the pitch of the thread is shown,
the amount of change per turn of the radius of the spiral is shown,
，
is a spiral height, and
,
the number of spiral turns is shown, and x, y and z are coordinates of each point on the spiral line under a rectangular coordinate system.
3. The 3D printing technology-based broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotation circularly polarized helical antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna is made of a good conductor material.
4. The 3D printing technology-based broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotating circularly polarized helical antenna according to claim 3, wherein the good conductor material is any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy and stainless steel.
5. The broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotating circularly polarized helical antenna based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the two helical arms in each two-arm helical structure are connected through a connecting member.
6. The broadband bidirectional radiating co-rotation-direction circularly polarized helical antenna based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 5, wherein the connecting piece is realized by a medium 3D printing technology.
7. The broadband bidirectional radiation co-rotating circularly polarized helical antenna based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 6, wherein the material of the connecting member can be any insulating material.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004254168A (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2004-09-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Helical antenna |
| CN103247858A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-08-14 | 清华大学 | Metallic waveguide antenna with characteristics of bi-direction synchronous rotation and double circular polarization wave radiation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2911088B2 (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 1999-06-23 | 望 長谷部 | Helical antenna |
| US6339409B1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2002-01-15 | Southwest Research Institute | Wide bandwidth multi-mode antenna |
| US7944404B2 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2011-05-17 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Circular polarized helical radiation element and its array antenna operable in TX/RX band |
| CN104852126B (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2018-06-08 | 上海航空机械有限公司 | A kind of small-sized conical spiral antenna in high efficiency broadband |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004254168A (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2004-09-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Helical antenna |
| CN103247858A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-08-14 | 清华大学 | Metallic waveguide antenna with characteristics of bi-direction synchronous rotation and double circular polarization wave radiation |
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