CN114583455B - Ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on spiral feed structure - Google Patents

Ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on spiral feed structure Download PDF

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CN114583455B
CN114583455B CN202210128355.3A CN202210128355A CN114583455B CN 114583455 B CN114583455 B CN 114583455B CN 202210128355 A CN202210128355 A CN 202210128355A CN 114583455 B CN114583455 B CN 114583455B
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metal layer
ultra
super
circularly polarized
surface patch
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CN114583455A (en
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姜彦南
常金帅
王娇
谭本英
赵海鹏
王宜颖
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0464—Annular ring patch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on a spiral feed structure, which comprises an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a third metal layer, wherein the first metal layer, the upper dielectric substrate, the second metal layer, the lower dielectric substrate and the third metal layer are sequentially stacked from top to bottom. The first metal layer is designed into a super-surface patch structure, the second metal layer is etched into a cross-shaped gap, and the third metal layer is designed into a spiral microstrip feed structure. In order to achieve high-efficiency radiation performance, the upper medium substrate and the lower medium are basically set to be of a certain thickness, so that energy can be radiated out of the medium substrate with high efficiency. The ultra-surface is combined with the microstrip antenna, so that the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved and the ultra-wideband performance is realized while the low profile is realized.

Description

Ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on spiral feed structure
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency antennas, in particular to an ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on a spiral feed structure.
Background
With the development of communication technology, data to be transmitted is increasingly increased, and broadband performance and circular polarization performance with multipath interference resistance and no polarization mismatch loss are one of key technologies for satisfying mass data transmission.
The circularly polarized antenna is used as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna, can stably and reliably transmit or receive signals, and is widely focused in satellite communication and wireless communication. The traditional circularly polarized antenna has narrower bandwidth and lower radiation efficiency, and can not meet the application requirements in various occasions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on a spiral feed structure, and aims to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth and low radiation efficiency of the traditional circularly polarized antenna.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on the spiral feed structure comprises an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a third metal layer, wherein the first metal layer, the upper dielectric substrate, the second metal layer, the lower dielectric substrate and the third metal layer are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;
the first metal layer comprises eight super-surface patch units, the eight super-surface patch units are 3 multiplied by 3 and arranged in a center-removing mode, each super-surface patch unit is of a rectangular annular structure, and four first gaps which are uniformly distributed are formed in the inner edge of each super-surface patch.
The transverse length of each super surface patch unit is larger than the longitudinal length, and the distances between each group of adjacent super surface patch units are equal.
The length and the width of the upper medium substrate are the same as those of the lower medium substrate, and the thickness of the upper medium substrate is larger than that of the lower medium substrate.
The center of the second metal layer is provided with a second gap, the second gap is cross-shaped, and the transverse length of the second gap is larger than the longitudinal length of the second gap.
The third metal layer comprises five sections of microstrip lines, the five sections of microstrip lines are in a clockwise spiral shape, adjacent microstrip lines are connected through rectangular metal patches, the lengths and widths of any two sections of microstrip lines are different, the lengths and widths of the five sections of microstrip lines are sequentially shortened, the starting ends of the five sections of microstrip lines extend to the edge of the lower-layer dielectric substrate, and the terminals of the five sections of microstrip lines are in short circuit.
Wherein the materials of the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are any one of gold, silver, copper and aluminum respectively.
Wherein, the material of upper dielectric substrate and lower dielectric substrate is polytetrafluoroethylene.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the first metal layer is designed into a super-surface patch structure, the second metal layer is etched into a cross-shaped gap, and the third metal layer is designed into a spiral microstrip feed structure. In order to achieve high-efficiency radiation performance, the upper medium substrate and the lower medium are basically arranged to be of a certain thickness, so that energy can be radiated out in the medium substrate with high efficiency; the ultra-surface is combined with the microstrip antenna, so that the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved and the ultra-wideband performance is realized while the low profile is realized.
Drawings
The drawings that are used in the examples or prior art description are briefly introduced and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface patch antenna based on a helical feed structure.
Fig. 2 is a side view of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface patch antenna based on a helical feed structure.
Fig. 3 is a top view of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface patch antenna based on a helical feed structure.
Fig. 4 is a top view of a second metal layer provided by the invention.
Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the underlying dielectric substrate provided by the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the change of return loss with frequency of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface patch antenna based on a spiral feed structure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing axial ratio curves of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface patch antenna based on a spiral feed structure according to the change of frequency.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the radiation efficiency of the ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface patch antenna with frequency based on the spiral feeding structure.
Fig. 9 is an xoz, yoz radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface patch antenna based on a helical feed structure at 5.2 GHz.
Fig. 10 is an xoz, yoz radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface patch antenna based on a helical feed structure at 5.8 GHz.
Fig. 11 is an xoz, yoz radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface patch antenna based on a helical feed structure at 6.8 GHz.
The micro-strip antenna comprises a 1-upper medium substrate, a 2-lower medium substrate, a 3-first metal layer, a 4-second metal layer, a 5-third metal layer, a 6-super surface patch unit, a 7-first gap, an 8-second gap and a 9-micro-strip line.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the invention and simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, in the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, the ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on the spiral feeding structure includes an upper dielectric substrate 1, a lower dielectric substrate 2, a first metal layer 3, a second metal layer 4 and a third metal layer 5, wherein the first metal layer 3, the upper dielectric substrate 1, the second metal layer 4, the lower dielectric substrate 2 and the third metal layer 5 are stacked in sequence from top to bottom;
the first metal layer 3 includes eight super surface patch units 6, eight super surface patch units 3×3 and are arranged in a decentered manner, each super surface patch unit 6 is in a rectangular annular structure, and four first gaps 7 which are uniformly distributed are formed in the inner edge of each super surface patch.
Further, the lateral length of each of the super surface patch units 6 is greater than the longitudinal length, and the distances between each set of adjacent super surface patch units 6 are equal.
Further, the length and width of the upper dielectric substrate 1 are the same as those of the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 1 is greater than that of the lower dielectric substrate 2. Further, the center of the second metal layer 4 is provided with a second gap 8, the second gap 8 is cross-shaped, and the transverse length of the second gap 8 is greater than the longitudinal length.
Further, the third metal layer 5 includes five sections of microstrip lines 9, five sections of microstrip lines 9 are in a clockwise spiral shape, adjacent microstrip lines 9 are connected through rectangular metal patches, lengths and widths of any two sections of microstrip lines 9 are different, lengths and widths of the five sections of microstrip lines 9 are sequentially shortened, starting ends of the five sections of microstrip lines 9 extend to edges of the lower-layer dielectric substrate 2, and terminals of the five sections of microstrip lines 9 are short-circuited.
Further, the materials of the first metal layer 3, the second metal layer 4 and the third metal layer 5 are any one of gold, silver, copper and aluminum respectively.
Further, the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Specifically, the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are made of polytetrafluoroethylene materials, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, and the relative dielectric loss is 0.0027. The thickness of the upper medium substrate 1 is 3mm, the length is 33mm, and the width is 33mm. The thickness of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is 1mm, the length is 33mm, and the width is 33mm.
The transverse length of the super surface patch unit 6 is 9.1mm, and the longitudinal length of the super surface patch unit 6 is 8.98mm. The width and length of the first slot 7 are adjusted, so that the impedance matching and the axial ratio bandwidth of the circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna can be improved, and the spacing between adjacent super-surface patch units 6 is 0.67mm after optimization and adjustment. The width of the first slit 7 is 0.30mm and the length is 2.24mm.
The second metal layer 4 has a lateral length of 33mm and a longitudinal length of 33mm. The transverse width and the longitudinal width of the second gap 8 are equal and are 1.2mm. The adjustment of the transverse length and the longitudinal length of the second slot 8 is favorable for adjusting the impedance matching of the circularly polarized patch antenna. The transverse length of the second slit 8 is preferably 19.30mm, and the longitudinal length of the second slit 8 is preferably 18.90mm.
The five sections of the microstrip lines 9 are named as a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line and a fifth microstrip line respectively from the initial end, the width of the first microstrip line is 2.4mm, the narrower the width of the microstrip line 9 is, the stronger the electric field intensity is, so the width of the second microstrip line, the width of the third microstrip line, the width of the fourth microstrip line and the width of the fifth microstrip line are sequentially reduced by 0.3mm; according to the phase calculation formula phi=βz of electromagnetic waves in the transmission line (beta is a phase constant, and z is the length of the microstrip transmission line), the lengths of five sections of the microstrip lines 9 are simultaneously adjusted, and 90-degree phase differences are generated between the electromagnetic waves between the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line, between the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line, between the third microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line and between the fourth microstrip line and the fifth microstrip line by adjusting the lengths of the microstrip lines, so that the purpose of designing the circularly polarized antenna is achieved. And welding an SMA coaxial connector on one side of the first microstrip line close to the edge of the lower dielectric substrate 2, welding a metal probe of the coaxial connector to the first microstrip line, and welding two pins of the coaxial connector to the second metal layer 4.
The ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface patch antenna based on the spiral feed structure was tested, and referring to fig. 6, the impedance matching bandwidth covers 4.37-7.61GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 52.4%. Referring to fig. 7, the axial ratio bandwidth covers 5.08-6.9GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 30%, so that the antenna achieves the purpose of ultra-wideband design. The main reason for realizing ultra-wideband is that the spiral feed structure excites the resonance point of the slot antenna and the resonance point of the ultra-surface patch antenna simultaneously, and meanwhile, the length of the spiral feed structure is properly adjusted to achieve the circular polarization performance.
Referring to fig. 8, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is above 91% in the axial ratio bandwidth range, mainly because the dielectric substrate used has a small dielectric constant, the plate is relatively thin, and the electromagnetic field can be effectively radiated from the dielectric substrate instead of being stored in the dielectric substrate. Fig. 9, 10 and 11 are far field radiation patterns of the invention at 5.2GHz, 5.8GHz and 6.8GHz, respectively, a black solid line shows a far field radiation pattern of xoz plane LHCP (Left-Hand Circular Polarization), a gray dash-dot line shows a far field radiation pattern of yoz plane RHCP (Right-Hand CircularPolarization), a black dash-dot line shows a far field radiation pattern of xoz plane RHCP, a gray solid line shows a far field radiation pattern of yoz plane LHCP, and the antenna has no split in the far field radiation pattern.
The ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on the spiral feed structure is characterized in that the first metal layer 3 is designed into a super-surface patch structure, the second metal layer 4 is etched with a cross-shaped gap, and the third metal layer 5 is designed into a spiral microstrip feed structure. In order to achieve high-efficiency radiation performance, the upper medium substrate 1 and the lower medium substrate 2 are basically set to a certain thickness, so that energy can be radiated out of the medium substrate with high efficiency. The ultra-surface is combined with the microstrip antenna, so that the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved and the ultra-wideband performance is realized while the low profile is realized.
The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the procedures described above can be performed according to the equivalent changes of the claims, and still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on a spiral feed structure is characterized in that,
the semiconductor device comprises an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a third metal layer, wherein the first metal layer, the upper dielectric substrate, the second metal layer, the lower dielectric substrate and the third metal layer are sequentially stacked from top to bottom;
the first metal layer comprises eight super-surface patch units, the eight super-surface patch units are 3 multiplied by 3 and arranged in a center-removing mode, each super-surface patch unit is of a rectangular annular structure, and four first gaps which are uniformly distributed are formed in the inner edge of each super-surface patch.
2. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface-mount antenna based on a helical feed structure according to claim 1, wherein,
the transverse length of each super-surface patch unit is larger than the longitudinal length, and the distances between each group of adjacent super-surface patch units are equal.
3. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface-mount antenna based on a helical feed structure according to claim 2,
the length and the width of the upper medium substrate are the same as those of the lower medium substrate, and the thickness of the upper medium substrate is larger than that of the lower medium substrate.
4. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface-mount antenna based on a helical feed structure according to claim 3,
the center of the second metal layer is provided with a second gap, the second gap is in a cross shape, and the transverse length of the second gap is larger than the longitudinal length of the second gap.
5. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface-mount antenna based on a helical feed structure according to claim 4,
the third metal layer comprises five sections of microstrip lines, the five sections of microstrip lines are in a clockwise spiral shape, adjacent microstrip lines are connected through rectangular metal patches, the lengths and the widths of any two sections of microstrip lines are different, the lengths and the widths of the five sections of microstrip lines are sequentially shortened, the initial ends of the five sections of microstrip lines extend to the edge of the lower-layer dielectric substrate, and the terminals of the five sections of microstrip lines are in short circuit.
6. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface-mount antenna based on a helical feed structure according to claim 5,
the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are made of any one of gold, silver, copper and aluminum respectively.
7. The ultra-wideband circularly polarized ultra-surface-mount antenna based on a helical feed structure according to claim 6,
and the upper medium substrate and the lower medium substrate are made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
CN202210128355.3A 2022-02-11 2022-02-11 Ultra-wideband circularly polarized super-surface patch antenna based on spiral feed structure Active CN114583455B (en)

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CN115117635B (en) * 2022-07-05 2023-10-17 西安电子科技大学 Circular polarization antenna based on AMC structure

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