CN114843751B - Broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
Broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114843751B CN114843751B CN202210432751.5A CN202210432751A CN114843751B CN 114843751 B CN114843751 B CN 114843751B CN 202210432751 A CN202210432751 A CN 202210432751A CN 114843751 B CN114843751 B CN 114843751B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna, and relates to the technical field of antennas. The antenna is composed of a feed portion, a radiation portion and a structural support portion. The power feeding section includes: the power divider comprises a feed network, a power divider, a broadband balun, a probe and a radio frequency connector; the radiation portion includes: a horizontal radiating element and a vertical radiating element; the structural support portion includes: support column, bottom plate. A plurality of groups of horizontal radiating oscillators and vertical radiating oscillators are adopted, so that horizontal omnidirectional circular polarization can be realized; the horizontal radiating oscillator has horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and the electric field is horizontally polarized; the vertical radiating oscillator has horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and the electric field is vertically polarized; the two components share the horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and the polarization is circular polarization. The left-handed/right-handed circular polarization characteristics can be flexibly switched by changing the positions of the upper and lower metal rod-shaped structures of each group of vertical radiating vibrators. Meanwhile, by adopting a plurality of groups of horizontal radiating vibrators and vertical radiating vibrators, the out-of-roundness of the antenna pattern can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to the technical field of broadband, omnidirectional and circularly polarized antennas.
Background
The existing omni-directional circularly polarized antenna has more implementation forms and can be basically divided into 3 implementation modes: spiral form, omni-directional linear polarization and circular polarizer form, electric dipole form. For example, the patent 'omni-directional circular polarized helical antenna with folding structure' (application number: 202110430312.6) adopts normal mode helical form, and improves the working bandwidth of the antenna by adding helical folding structure at the head and tail ends of the helical line. The electrical performance of the normal mode helical antenna is mainly determined by the pitch, the diameter and the winding turns of the helical wire, and is sensitive to relevant dimensions; the antenna has larger overall size, narrower bandwidth, larger process difficulty and poorer precision in spiral line realization, and low engineering use value. Similarly, as in the patent 'an omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation medium spiral antenna' (application number: 202110680896.2), the antenna adopts a normal mode spiral form, and the spiral line is printed on a high dielectric constant medium material, so that the radiation caliber of the antenna is equivalently increased, the working bandwidth of the antenna is improved, but the effect is limited, and the standing wave bandwidth (VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0) is only 6%; because the dielectric constant of the material is higher, the electrical performance of the antenna is sensitive to related parameters and is not easy to adjust, and the engineering difficulty is high.
A common horizontal omni-directional antenna is generally a linear polarization mode, and how to convert the omni-directional linear polarization radiation characteristic into an omni-directional circular polarization radiation characteristic is described in the patent "a wideband circular polarization antenna of omni-directional radiation" (application number: 201810256238.9): the antenna consists of an omnidirectional linear polarization antenna and a hollow cylindrical circular polarizer positioned at the outer side of the omnidirectional antenna; the omni-directional linear polarization antenna adopts a classical broadband biconical antenna form; the cylindrical circular polarizer consists of N layers of coaxial fold line type metal polarization grids, and each layer of metal polarization grid is arranged in a periodic structure. The realization of the circular polarizer function is produced by the interaction of N layers of coaxial metal polarization grids, the electrical performance of the circular polarizer strictly depends on the relative position relationship among the layers, and the realization process difficulty is high; meanwhile, the bandwidth of the omnidirectional linear polarization bipyramid antenna is wider, but the working bandwidth of the N-layer coaxial metal polarization grating type circular polarizer is limited, so that the whole bandwidth of the antenna is limited, and the wideband working requirement cannot be met.
An omni-directional circular polarization antenna in an electric dipole form, such as a broadband circular polarization omni-directional antenna based on inclined vibrators (application number: 201410301418.6), is composed of a feed part and four groups of inclined vibrators, wherein the four inclined vibrators are uniformly and annularly arranged on a flexible dielectric plate in an equally-divided mode, the flexible dielectric plate is bent into a hollow cylinder shape, and the four inclined vibrators are welded with a feed network.The antenna decomposes the electric field of the inclined vibrator into horizontal and vertical polarized electric fields, and feeds the vibrator through a feed network to realize omnidirectional circular polarization. The circular polarization characteristic of the antenna is strictly limited by the inclination angle of the inclined vibrator, the rigidity of the flexible dielectric plate is poor, the forming and welding of the flexible dielectric plate can influence the inclination angle of the vibrator, and the performance of the antenna cannot be ensured; meanwhile, the antenna has poor mechanical properties and limited application range. For example, the patent 'a microminiature low profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna' (application number: 201710260471. X) is composed of a feed portion and a coupling piece, and four metal shorting posts are connected between the end of the coupling piece and a metal floor, so that the size of the antenna is effectively reduced, and the size is 0.16λ 0 ×0.16λ 0 ×0.03λ 0 (λ 0 Air wavelength of corresponding frequency), the advantage is remarkable; however, the antenna standing wave bandwidth (VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0) and the axial ratio bandwidth (AR is less than or equal to 3 dB) are only 0.9%, and the electrical performance loss is serious.
The conventional omni-directional circularly polarized antenna has the problems of narrow working bandwidth, high engineering difficulty and incapability of switching the circularly polarized antenna, and cannot meet the application requirements of practical engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the existing omni-directional circularly polarized antenna has the problems of narrow working bandwidth, high engineering difficulty and incapability of switching circular polarization modes.
Technical proposal
A broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna is characterized by comprising a feed part, a radiation part and a structural support part; the feeding section includes: a feed network, a probe, a radio frequency connector; the radiation portion includes: a horizontal radiating element and a vertical radiating element; the structural support portion includes: support column, bottom plate; the feed network is realized by a high-frequency microwave board and consists of a power divider and a feed balun, the upper layer of the feed network is the power divider, the output electric signals have the characteristic of equal amplitude and same phase, and meanwhile, the directions of all paths of microstrip lines form an included angle of 90 degrees; the lower layer of the feed network is a broadband balun, the broadband balun adopts a microstrip slot line form and is distributed below a microstrip line of the power divider, and the broadband balun is used as an equivalent of the power divider to realize balanced feed of the horizontal radiating oscillator and the vertical radiating oscillator; the horizontal radiating vibrators are distributed at the edge of the lower layer of the feed network and consist of a left arc-shaped microstrip line and a right arc-shaped microstrip line, and are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of the broadband balun groove line; the vertical radiating oscillator consists of an upper metal rod-shaped structure and a lower metal rod-shaped structure which are distributed at the edge of the feed network, and the upper metal rod-shaped structure and the lower metal rod-shaped structure are respectively connected with a left arc-shaped microstrip line and a right arc-shaped microstrip line of the horizontal radiating oscillator; the radio frequency connector feeds power to the feed network through the probe; the support column is located between the feed network and the base plate.
The upper layer of the feed network is a four-split power divider, the lower layer is a broadband balun in a slot line form, and the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider is in short circuit with the microstrip line of the broadband balun through a metallized via hole.
The mode of the power divider is not limited to one-fourth, and can be one-N, wherein the included angle of the microstrip line of the N paths of power dividers is 360 degrees/N, and N is the dividing number of the power dividers.
The broadband balun is positioned at the lower layer of the feed network and adopts a microstrip slot line mode, and the slot depth is about 0.2lambda 1 ～0.3λ 1 ，λ 1 Is the medium wavelength for the corresponding frequency.
The number of the broadband balun corresponds to the form of the power divider, the broadband balun is not limited to four groups, and can be N groups, the included angle of the N groups of broadband balun is 360 degrees/N, and N is the dividing number of the power divider.
The total length of the horizontal radiating oscillator and the vertical radiating oscillator is about 0.4lambda 0 ～0.6λ 0 ，λ 0 Is the air wavelength at the corresponding frequency.
The number of the horizontal radiating vibrators and the vertical radiating vibrators corresponds to the form of the power divider, the number of the horizontal radiating vibrators and the vertical radiating vibrators is not limited to four groups, the number of the horizontal radiating vibrators and the vertical radiating vibrators can be N groups, and the included angle of the N groups of horizontal radiating vibrators is 360 degrees/N; the included angle of the N groups of vertical radiation vibrators is 360 degrees/N, and N is the dividing number of the power divider.
The support column is a metal columnar structure in a medium-pass mode, the bottom of the support column is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate, the top of the support column is fixed with the feed network, and the feed network, a power divider, a broadband balun, a horizontal radiating oscillator and a vertical radiating oscillator attached to the feed network are supported on the bottom plate to form an antenna integral structure together.
The probe is of a metal columnar structure with an insulating medium, the probe penetrates through a central through hole of the support column, the top of the probe is welded with the junction of the power divider, and the bottom of the probe is inserted with an inner hole of the radio frequency connector.
The outer conductor of the radio frequency connector is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate, and the inner hole is inserted with the bottom of the probe, so that the radio frequency signal of the transmitter is input to the antenna or the radio frequency signal of the antenna is output to the receiver.
Advantageous effects
The broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna provided by the invention has the advantages of novel design, excellent performance and broadband, omni-directional and circularly polarized radiation characteristics; the overall size of the antenna is about 0.42 lambda 0 ×0.42λ 0 ×0.31λ 0 (λ 0 For air wavelength at the corresponding frequency), the standing wave bandwidth (VSWR. Ltoreq.2.0) is about 40%, and the axial ratio bandwidth (AR. Ltoreq.3.0 dB) is about 40%. The antenna has simple and reliable structure, good engineering characteristics and is suitable for different working platforms.
1. The invention adopts a plurality of groups of horizontal radiating oscillators and vertical radiating oscillators, so that horizontal omnidirectional circular polarization can be realized; the horizontal radiating oscillator has horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and the electric field is horizontally polarized; similarly, the vertical radiating oscillator has horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and the electric field is vertical polarization; the two components share the horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and the polarization is circular polarization. The left-handed/right-handed circular polarization characteristics can be flexibly switched by changing the positions of the upper and lower metal rod-shaped structures of each group of vertical radiating vibrators. Meanwhile, by adopting a plurality of groups of horizontal radiating vibrators and vertical radiating vibrators, the out-of-roundness of the antenna pattern can be improved.
2. The working broadband of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the sizes of the horizontal radiating oscillator and the vertical radiating oscillator; the width of the microstrip line of the horizontal radiating oscillator and the diameter of the vertical radiating oscillator are increased, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna can be increased;
3. the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider is short-circuited with the microstrip line of the broadband balun through the metallized via hole, so that the left horizontal radiating oscillator, the right horizontal radiating oscillator and the upper vertical radiating oscillator have balanced feed characteristics with equal amplitude and 180-degree phase difference, and the feed balun in the form has the characteristics of simple structure and broadband.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feed network connection according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a vertical radiating element and a horizontal radiating element according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the feed network, support column, backplane, probe, RF connector connections of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a standing wave of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a gain direction diagram illustration of the present invention;
description of the reference numerals
1-feed network, 11-power divider, 12-broadband balun, 2-horizontal radiating oscillator, 3-vertical radiating oscillator, 4-support column, 5-bottom plate, 6-probe, 7-radio frequency connector.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, terms of orientation such as "inner and outer" are used to generally refer to the inner and outer of the outline of the respective object. Terms of orientation such as "up, down, left, right, front, back" are generally used to refer to up, down, left, right, front, back, and back of the corresponding object.
As shown in fig. 1, the wideband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna provided by the present invention includes: the feed network 1 is realized by a high-frequency microwave board, and consists of a power divider 11 and a broadband balun 12. The power divider 11 is distributed on the upper layer of the feed network 1 in a one-to-four mode, the output electric signals have the same-amplitude and same-phase characteristics, and meanwhile, the directions of the four paths of microstrip lines form an included angle of 90 degrees; the broadband balun 12 is positioned at the lower layer of the feed network 1, is in a microstrip slot line form, is distributed below four paths of microstrip lines of the power divider 11, and is used as an equivalent of the power divider 11 to realize balanced feed of the horizontal radiating oscillator 2 and the vertical radiating oscillator 3; the horizontal radiating oscillators 2 are distributed at the edge of the lower layer of the feed network 1, and consist of a left arc microstrip line and a right arc microstrip line which are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of the slot line of the broadband balun 12; the vertical radiating oscillator 3 consists of an upper metal rod-shaped structure and a lower metal rod-shaped structure, the upper metal rod-shaped structure and the lower metal rod-shaped structure are distributed at the edge of the feed network 1, and the upper metal rod-shaped structure and the lower metal rod-shaped structure are respectively connected with a left arc-shaped microstrip line and a right arc-shaped microstrip line of the horizontal radiating oscillator 2; the support column 4 is of a metal columnar structure in a middle-through mode, the bottom of the support column 4 is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate 5, the top of the support column is fixed with the feed network 1, and the feed network 1, the power divider 11, the broadband balun 12, the horizontal radiating oscillator 2 and the vertical radiating oscillator 3 attached to the feed network 1 are supported on the bottom plate 5 to form an antenna integral structure; the base plate 5 is of a metal flat plate structure, and the base plate 5 is used as an antenna and equivalently participates in antenna radiation; the upper surface of the bottom plate 5 is connected with the support columns 4, and the feed network 1 is suspended above the bottom plate 5 in parallel; the lower surface of the bottom plate 5 is connected with the outer conductor of the radio frequency connector 7; the probe 6 is of a metal columnar structure with an insulating medium, the probe 6 passes through a central through hole of the support column 4, the top of the probe 6 is welded with a junction of the power divider 11, and the bottom of the probe 6 is inserted with an inner hole of the radio frequency connector 7; the outer conductor of the radio frequency connector 7 is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate 5, and the inner hole is inserted with the bottom of the probe 6, so that the radio frequency signal of the transmitter is input to the antenna or the radio frequency signal of the antenna is output to the receiver.
Further, the upper layer of the feed network 1 is a quarter-divided power divider 11, the lower layer is a broadband balun 12 in the form of a slot line, and the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider 11 is short-circuited with the microstrip line of the broadband balun 12 through a metallized via hole.
Furthermore, the form of the power divider 11 is not limited to one-fourth, but may be one-N, where the microstrip line angle of the N power divider 11 is 360 °/N, and N is the number of branches (N is greater than or equal to 2) of the power divider 11.
Further, the broadband balun 12 is located at the lower layer of the feed network 1, and adopts a microstrip slot line form, and the slot depth is about 0.2λ 1 ～0.3λ 1 (λ 1 Medium wavelength for the corresponding frequency).
Further, the number of the broadband balun 12 corresponds to the form of the power divider 11, and is not limited to four groups, but may be N groups, where the included angle of the broadband balun 12 is 360 °/N, and N is the number of branches of the power divider 11.
Furthermore, the horizontal radiating vibrators 2 are distributed at the edge of the feed network 1 and are composed of a left arc microstrip line and a right arc microstrip line, the left arc microstrip line and the right arc microstrip line are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of the slot line of the broadband balun 12, and the working bandwidth of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the microstrip line of the horizontal radiating vibrators 2.
Furthermore, the vertical radiating element 3 is composed of an upper metal rod-shaped structure and a lower metal rod-shaped structure, is distributed at the edge of the feed network 1, is respectively positioned at the upper layer and the lower layer of the feed network 1, is respectively connected with the left arc-shaped microstrip line and the right arc-shaped microstrip line of the horizontal radiating element 2, and can adjust the working bandwidth of the antenna by adjusting the diameter of the vertical radiating element 3.
Further, the total length of the horizontal radiating element 2 and the vertical radiating element 3 is about 0.4λ 0 ～0.6λ 0 (λ 0 Air wavelength for the corresponding frequency).
Furthermore, the number of the horizontal radiating oscillators 2 and the vertical radiating oscillators 3 corresponds to the form of the power divider 11, and the number of the horizontal radiating oscillators 2 and the vertical radiating oscillators is not limited to four groups, and can be N groups, and the included angle of the N groups of horizontal radiating oscillators 2 is 360 degrees/N; the included angle of the N groups of vertical radiation vibrators 3 is 360 degrees/N, and N is the branching number of the power divider 11.
Further, the number of the horizontal radiating elements 2 and the vertical radiating elements 3 is increased, so that the gain and out-of-roundness of the antenna can be improved.
Furthermore, the left-handed/right-handed circular polarization characteristics can be flexibly switched by adjusting the positions of the upper and lower metal rod-shaped structures of the vertical radiating oscillator 3.
Further, the support column 4 is a metal column structure with a middle-pass type and a height of about 0.15λ 0 ～0.25λ 0 The bottom is mounted on the upper surface of the bottom plate 5 and the top is fixed to the feed network 1.
Furthermore, the probe 6 is a metal columnar structure with an insulating medium, the probe 6 passes through a central through hole of the support column 4, the top of the probe 6 is welded with the junction of the power divider 11, and the bottom of the probe is inserted with an inner hole of the radio frequency connector 7.
Further, the bottom plate 5 is equivalent to an antenna, and the size of the bottom plate has a certain shaping function on the directional diagram.
Furthermore, the base plate 5, the support columns 4 and the feed network 1 are main structures of the antenna, and are installed by bolts in a mode of from bottom to top, so that the implementation form is simple and reliable.
In the embodiment, the feed network 1, the power divider 11, the broadband balun 12 and the horizontal radiating vibrators 2 are all distributed on the upper layer and the lower layer of a dielectric substrate, so that the design thought is novel and ingenious, and the engineering implementation mode is simple;
preferably, the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider 11 is short-circuited with the microstrip line of the broadband balun 12 through a metallized via hole;
more preferably, the broadband balun 12 is in the form of a microstrip slot line having a slot depth of about 0.2λ 1 ～0.3λ 1 (λ 1 Medium wavelength for the corresponding frequency);
more preferably, the vertical radiating oscillator 3 has two metal rod-shaped structures, and is connected with the horizontal radiating oscillator 2 in a conducting manner by adopting a screw mode, and is respectively positioned at the upper layer and the lower layer of the feed network 1;
more preferably, increasing the number of horizontal radiating elements 2 and vertical radiating elements 3 can improve the gain and out-of-roundness characteristics of the antenna;
more preferably, the standing wave and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna can be improved by increasing the width of the microstrip line of the horizontal radiating element 2 and the diameter of the vertical radiating element 3;
more preferably, the left-hand/right-hand circular polarization characteristics can be flexibly switched by adjusting the positions of the upper and lower metal rod-like structures of the vertical radiating element 3.
More preferably, the bottom plate 5 and the support columns 4, the support columns 4 and the feed network 1, and the feed network 1 and the vertical radiating vibrators 3 are fixed by metal screws, so that the antenna is convenient and easy to operate, and only one welding point between the probe 6 and the power divider 11 exists in the whole antenna.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a connection schematic diagram of the feed network 1 and the horizontal radiating oscillator 2, the upper layer of the feed network 1 is a quarter-divided power divider 11, the lower layer is a broadband balun 12 in a slot line form, and the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider 11 is short-circuited with the microstrip line of the broadband balun 12 through a metallized via hole; the horizontal radiating oscillators 2 are distributed at the edge of the lower layer of the feed network 1 and are connected with microstrip lines of the broadband balun 12.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic connection diagram of the horizontal radiating element 2 and the vertical radiating element 3 is shown, through holes are reserved at the tail of the microstrip line of the horizontal radiating element 2, screw holes are reserved at the bottom of the vertical radiating element 3, and the vertical radiating element 3 is respectively connected with the corresponding through holes and distributed on the upper layer and the lower layer of the feed network 1.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of connection between the feed network 1, the support column 4, the bottom plate 5, the probe 6 and the radio frequency connector 7 is shown, flange holes are left at two ends of the support column 4, and the support column 4 and the bottom plate are fixed by screws; the feed network 1 and the support column 4 are fixed by adopting screws, the feed probe 6 passes through the central hole of the support column 4, the top end is welded with the feed network 1, and the bottom end is inserted with the inner hole of the radio frequency connector 7.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of standing-wave ratio of the antenna in a typical frequency band, the relative bandwidth of the standing-wave ratio < 2.0 reaches 40%.
As shown in fig. 6, the axial ratio of the antenna in the typical frequency band is shown, and the relative bandwidth of the axial ratio < 3dB reaches 40%.
As shown in fig. 7, which is a gain pattern of the antenna at a typical frequency point, the maximum gain is 1.3db, and the 3db beam width is 110 degrees.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the base plate 5 is used as the metal ground of the antenna, radio frequency signals are fed into the combining port of the power divider 11 through the radio frequency connector 7 and the probe 6 to generate four paths of excitation electric signals with equal amplitude and same phase, and the horizontal vibrator 2 and the vertical vibrator 3 are fed through the broadband balun 12 to excite corresponding frequency band currents, so that electromagnetic waves are radiated. The process of receiving electromagnetic waves by the antenna of the present invention is opposite to the process of radiating electromagnetic waves described above.
Through the technical scheme, the antenna has broadband and omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation characteristics, and polarization can be switched; meanwhile, the antenna is simple and reliable in structural form, has good engineering characteristics and is suitable for different working platforms.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, other possible combinations of the present invention will not be described. The engineering skilled person can carry out the specific operations according to the idea of the claims of the invention and naturally can also make a series of variants of the embodiments according to the description above. All of the above should be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna is characterized by comprising a feed part, a radiation part and a structural support part; the feeding section includes: a feed network, a probe, a radio frequency connector; the radiation portion includes: a horizontal radiating element and a vertical radiating element; the structural support portion includes: support column, bottom plate; the feed network is realized by a high-frequency microwave board and consists of a power divider and a feed balun, the upper layer of the feed network is the power divider, the output electric signals have the characteristic of equal amplitude and same phase, and meanwhile, the directions of all paths of microstrip lines form an included angle of 90 degrees; the lower layer of the feed network is a broadband balun, the broadband balun adopts a microstrip slot line form and is distributed below a microstrip line of the power divider, and the broadband balun is used as an equivalent of the power divider to realize balanced feed of the horizontal radiating oscillator and the vertical radiating oscillator; the horizontal radiating vibrators are distributed at the edge of the lower layer of the feed network and consist of a left arc-shaped microstrip line and a right arc-shaped microstrip line, and are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of the broadband balun groove line; the vertical radiating oscillator consists of an upper metal rod-shaped structure and a lower metal rod-shaped structure which are distributed at the edge of the feed network, and the upper metal rod-shaped structure and the lower metal rod-shaped structure are respectively connected with a left arc-shaped microstrip line and a right arc-shaped microstrip line of the horizontal radiating oscillator; the radio frequency connector feeds power to the feed network through the probe; the support column is located between the feed network and the base plate.
2. The wideband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the upper layer of the feed network is a four-split power divider, the lower layer is a broadband balun in a slot line form, and the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider is in short circuit with the microstrip line of the broadband balun through a metallized via hole.
3. The wideband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the mode of the power divider is not limited to one-fourth, and can be one-N, wherein the included angle of the microstrip line of the N paths of power dividers is 360 degrees/N, and N is the dividing number of the power dividers.
4. The wideband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the broadband balun is positioned at the lower layer of the feed network and adopts a microstrip slot line mode, and the slot depth is 0.2lambda 1 ～0.3λ 1 ，λ 1 Is the medium wavelength for the corresponding frequency.
5. The wideband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the number of the broadband balun corresponds to the form of the power divider, the broadband balun is not limited to four groups, and can be N groups, the included angle of the N groups of broadband balun is 360 degrees/N, and N is the dividing number of the power divider.
6. The wideband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the total length of the horizontal radiating oscillator and the vertical radiating oscillator is 0.4lambda 0 ～0.6λ 0 ，λ 0 Is the air wavelength at the corresponding frequency.
7. The wideband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the number of the horizontal radiating vibrators and the vertical radiating vibrators corresponds to the form of the power divider, the number of the horizontal radiating vibrators and the vertical radiating vibrators is not limited to four groups, the number of the horizontal radiating vibrators and the vertical radiating vibrators can be N groups, the included angle of the N groups of horizontal radiating vibrators is 360 degrees/N, and N is the dividing number of the power divider.
8. The wideband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the support column is a metal columnar structure in a medium-pass mode, the bottom of the support column is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate, the top of the support column is fixed with the feed network, and the feed network, a power divider, a broadband balun, a horizontal radiating oscillator and a vertical radiating oscillator attached to the feed network are supported on the bottom plate to form an antenna integral structure together.
9. The wideband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the probe is of a metal columnar structure with an insulating medium, the probe penetrates through a central through hole of the support column, the top of the probe is welded with the junction of the power divider, and the bottom of the probe is inserted with an inner hole of the radio frequency connector.
10. The wideband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the outer conductor of the radio frequency connector is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate, and the inner hole is inserted with the bottom of the probe, so that the radio frequency signal of the transmitter is input to the antenna or the radio frequency signal of the antenna is output to the receiver.
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| KR20110134004A (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-14 | 주식회사 감마누 | Omni antenna |
| CN103700929A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-02 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna |
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| CN205900775U (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-18 | 深圳市鼎耀科技有限公司 | Circular polarization omnidirectional antenna |
| CN111653870A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-09-11 | 重庆金美通信有限责任公司 | Circularly polarized omnidirectional antenna |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20110134004A (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-14 | 주식회사 감마누 | Omni antenna |
| CN103700929A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-02 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna |
| CN103943946A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-07-23 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband omni-directional antenna with 45-degree oblique polarization |
| CN104092007A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-08 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband circular polarization omni antenna based on tilting oscillators |
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