CN114843751A - Broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
Broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114843751A CN114843751A CN202210432751.5A CN202210432751A CN114843751A CN 114843751 A CN114843751 A CN 114843751A CN 202210432751 A CN202210432751 A CN 202210432751A CN 114843751 A CN114843751 A CN 114843751A
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna, and relates to the technical field of antennas. The antenna is composed of a feeding portion, a radiating portion, and a structural support portion. The feeding portion includes: the system comprises a feed network, a power divider, a broadband balun, a probe and a radio frequency connector; the radiation section includes: a horizontal radiating oscillator and a vertical radiating oscillator; the structural support portion includes: support column, bottom plate. The adoption of multiple groups of horizontal radiating oscillators and vertical radiating oscillators can realize horizontal omnidirectional circular polarization; the horizontal radiating oscillator has horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and an electric field is horizontally polarized; the vertical radiation oscillator has horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and an electric field is vertical polarization; the two components share the horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and the polarization is circular polarization. The left-handed/right-handed circular polarization characteristics can be flexibly switched by changing the positions of the upper and lower metal rod-shaped structures of each group of vertical radiating oscillators. Meanwhile, the combination of multiple groups of horizontal radiating oscillators and vertical radiating oscillators is adopted, so that the out-of-roundness of an antenna directional diagram can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to the technical field of broadband, omnidirectional and circularly polarized antennas.
Background
The existing omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna has many implementation forms, which can be basically divided into 3 implementation modes: helical form, omnidirectional linear and circular polarizer form, electric dipole form. For example, in the patent "omnidirectional circularly polarized helical antenna with a folded structure" (application number: 202110430312.6), the antenna adopts a normal mode helical form, and the working bandwidth of the antenna is improved by adding a helical folded structure at the head end and the tail end of the helix. The electrical performance of the normal mode helical antenna is mainly determined by the pitch, the diameter and the number of winding turns of a helical line, and is sensitive to relevant sizes; the whole size of the antenna is large, the bandwidth is narrow, the process difficulty of the spiral line realization is large, the precision is poor, and the engineering use value is not high. Similarly, as the 'omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation dielectric helical antenna' (application number: 202110680896.2), the antenna adopts a normal mode helical form, and the helical line is printed on a high dielectric constant dielectric material, so that the radiation aperture of the antenna is equivalently increased, the working bandwidth of the antenna is improved, but the effect is limited, and the standing wave bandwidth (VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0) is only 6%; due to the fact that the dielectric constant of the material is high, the electrical performance of the antenna is sensitive to relevant parameters and is not easy to adjust, and engineering difficulty is high.
A conventional horizontal omni-directional antenna generally adopts a linear polarization mode, and how to convert an omni-directional linear polarization radiation characteristic into an omni-directional circular polarization radiation characteristic is described in a patent "a broadband circular polarization antenna with omni-directional radiation" (application No. 201810256238.9): the antenna consists of an omnidirectional linear polarization antenna and a hollow cylindrical circular polarizer positioned outside the omnidirectional antenna; the omnidirectional linear polarization antenna adopts a classic broadband biconical antenna form; the cylindrical circular polarizer consists of N layers of coaxial broken line type metal polarization grids, and each layer of metal polarization grid is arranged in a periodic structure. The realization of the function of the circular polarizer is generated by the mutual action of N layers of coaxial metal polarization grids, the electrical performance of the circular polarizer strictly depends on the relative position relationship among the layers, and the realization process is difficult; meanwhile, the omnidirectional linear polarization biconical antenna has a wider bandwidth, but the working bandwidth of the circular polarizer in the form of the N-layer coaxial metal polarization grating is limited, so that the integral bandwidth of the antenna is limited, and the broadband working requirement cannot be met.
An omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna in the form of an electric dipole, for example, a broadband circularly polarized omnidirectional antenna based on inclined oscillators (application number: 201410301418.6), comprises a feeding part and four groups of inclined oscillators, wherein the four inclined oscillators are uniformly and annularly arranged on a flexible dielectric plate in an equally-divided manner, the flexible dielectric plate is bent into a hollow cylinder, and the four inclined oscillators are welded with a feeding network. The antenna decomposes the electric field of the inclined oscillator into horizontal and vertical polarized electric fields, and feeds the oscillator through the feed network, so that the omnidirectional circular polarization is realized. The circular polarization characteristic of the antenna is strictly limited by the inclination angle of the inclined oscillator, the rigidity of the flexible dielectric plate is poor, the inclination angle of the oscillator is affected by the forming and welding of the flexible dielectric plate, and the performance of the antenna cannot be guaranteed; meanwhile, the mechanical property of the antenna is poor, and the application range is limited. For example, in the patent of subminiature low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna (application number: 201710260471.X), the antenna is composed of a feed part and a coupling sheet, and four metal short-circuit columns are connected between the tail end of the coupling sheet and a metal floor, so that the size of the antenna is effectively reduced, and is 0.16 lambda 0 ×0.16λ 0 ×0.03λ 0 (λ 0 Air wavelength at the corresponding frequency) the advantages are significant; but the standing wave bandwidth (VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0) and the axial ratio bandwidth (AR is less than or equal to 3dB) of the antenna are only 0.9 percent, and the electrical property loss is serious.
The conventional omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna form has the problems of narrow working bandwidth, high engineering difficulty and incapability of switching the circularly polarized form, and can not meet the application requirements of practical engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the existing omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna has the problems of narrow working bandwidth, high engineering difficulty and incapability of switching the circularly polarized mode.
Technical scheme
A broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna is characterized by comprising a feeding part, a radiation part and a structural support part; the feeding portion includes: a feed network, a probe and a radio frequency connector; the radiation section includes: a horizontal radiating oscillator and a vertical radiating oscillator; the structural support portion includes: a support pillar and a bottom plate; the feed network is realized by adopting a high-frequency microwave board and consists of a power divider and a feed balun, the upper layer of the feed network is the power divider, output electric signals have the characteristics of equal amplitude and same phase, and the directions of all microstrip lines mutually form an included angle of 90 degrees; the lower layer of the feed network is a broadband balun which is distributed below a microstrip line of the power divider in a microstrip slot line form and is used as an equivalent ground of the power divider to realize balanced feed of the horizontal radiation oscillator and the vertical radiation oscillator; the horizontal radiating vibrators are distributed on the edge of the lower layer of the feed network, consist of a left arc microstrip line and a right arc microstrip line and are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of the broadband balun slot line; the vertical radiation oscillator consists of an upper metal rod-shaped structure and a lower metal rod-shaped structure which are distributed at the edge of the feed network, and the upper metal rod-shaped structure and the lower metal rod-shaped structure are respectively connected with a left arc microstrip line and a right arc microstrip line of the horizontal radiation oscillator; the radio frequency connector feeds power to the feed network through the probe; the support columns are located between the feed network and the bottom plate.
The upper layer of the feed network is a power divider in a four-in-one form, the lower layer of the feed network is a broadband balun in a slot line form, and a microstrip line at the output end of the power divider is in short circuit with a microstrip line of the broadband balun through a metalized through hole.
The form of the power divider is not limited to one to four, and can be one to N, the included angle of the microstrip lines of the N-path power divider is 360 degrees/N, and N is the number of the branches of the power divider.
The broadband balun is positioned at the lower layer of the feed network, adopts a microstrip-slot line form, and has a slot depth of about 0.2 lambda 1 ～0.3λ 1 ，λ 1 Is the medium wavelength of the corresponding frequency.
The number of the broadband balun corresponds to the form of the power divider, is not limited to four groups, and can be N groups, the included angle of the N groups of broadband balun is 360 DEG/N, and N is the number of branches of the power divider.
The total length of the horizontal radiating oscillator and the vertical radiating oscillator is about 0.4 lambda 0 ～0.6λ 0 ，λ 0 Is the air wavelength of the corresponding frequency.
The number of the horizontal radiating vibrators and the number of the vertical radiating vibrators correspond to the form of the power divider, the power divider is not limited to four groups, the power divider can be N groups, and the included angle of the N groups of horizontal radiating vibrators is 360 degrees/N; the included angle of N groups of vertical radiating vibrators is 360 degrees/N, and N is the branch number of the power divider.
The support column is a metal columnar structure in a hollow form, the bottom of the support column is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate, the top of the support column is fixed with the feed network, and the feed network, the power divider attached to the feed network, the broadband balun, the horizontal radiating oscillator and the vertical radiating oscillator are all supported on the bottom plate to jointly form an integral antenna structure.
The probe is a metal columnar structure with an insulating medium, penetrates through a central through hole of the supporting column, the top of the probe is welded with the combining port of the power divider, and the bottom of the probe is inserted into an inner hole of the radio frequency connector.
The outer conductor of the radio frequency connector is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate, the inner hole is inserted with the bottom of the probe, and therefore the radio frequency signal of the transmitter is input into the antenna or the radio frequency signal of the antenna is output to the receiver.
Advantageous effects
The broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna provided by the invention has the advantages that the whole antenna is novel in design and excellent in performance, and has broadband, omnidirectional and circularly polarized radiation characteristics; the overall size of the antenna is about 0.42 lambda 0 ×0.42λ 0 ×0.31λ 0 (λ 0 The air wavelength corresponding to the frequency), the standing wave bandwidth (VSWR ≦ 2.0) is about 40%, and the axial ratio bandwidth (AR ≦ 3.0dB) is about 40%. The antenna has simple and reliable structure form, has good engineering characteristics and is suitable for different working platforms.
1. The invention adopts a plurality of groups of horizontal radiation oscillators and vertical radiation oscillators, thus realizing horizontal omnidirectional circular polarization; the horizontal radiating oscillator has horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and an electric field is horizontally polarized; similarly, the vertical radiating oscillator has horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and the electric field is vertical polarization; the two components share the horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance, and the polarization is circular polarization. The left-handed/right-handed circular polarization characteristics can be flexibly switched by changing the positions of the upper and lower metal rod-shaped structures of each group of vertical radiating oscillators. Meanwhile, the combination of multiple groups of horizontal radiating oscillators and vertical radiating oscillators is adopted, so that the out-of-roundness of an antenna directional diagram can be improved.
2. The working broadband of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the sizes of the horizontal radiating oscillator and the vertical radiating oscillator; the width of a microstrip line of the horizontal radiating oscillator is increased, and the diameter of the vertical radiating oscillator is increased, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna can be increased;
3. the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider is in short circuit with the microstrip line of the broadband balun through the metalized through hole, so that the left horizontal radiation oscillator, the right horizontal radiation oscillator, the upper vertical radiation oscillator and the lower vertical radiation oscillator have balanced feed characteristics of equal amplitude and 180-degree phase difference, and the feed balun in the form has the characteristics of simple structure and broadband.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the feed network connection of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a vertical radiating element and a horizontal radiating element of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the feed network, the support posts, the bottom plate, the probes and the RF connector according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a standing wave of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic axial ratio view of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the gain pattern of the present invention;
description of the reference numerals
The system comprises a feed network 1, a power divider 11, a broadband balun 12, a horizontal radiating oscillator 2, a vertical radiating oscillator 3, a support column 4, a bottom plate 5, a probe 6 and a radio frequency connector 7.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In the present invention, the use of directional terms such as "inner, outer" generally refers to the inner and outer of the outline of the corresponding object, unless otherwise specified. The use of directional terms such as "up, down, left, right, front and back" generally refers to up, down, left, right, front and back of the corresponding object.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a wideband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna, including: the feed network 1 is realized by adopting a high-frequency microwave board and comprises a power divider 11 and a broadband balun 12. The power divider 11 is distributed on the upper layer of the feed network 1 and is in a one-to-four form, output electric signals have the characteristics of equal amplitude and same phase, and the directions of four microstrip lines mutually form an included angle of 90 degrees; the broadband balun 12 is positioned at the lower layer of the feed network 1, is in a microstrip slot line form, is distributed below four microstrip lines of the power divider 11, and is used as an equivalent ground of the power divider 11 to realize balanced feed of the horizontal radiation oscillator 2 and the vertical radiation oscillator 3; the horizontal radiating oscillators 2 are distributed on the edge of the lower layer of the feed network 1, consist of a left arc microstrip line and a right arc microstrip line and are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of a broadband balun 12 slot line; the vertical radiation oscillator 3 consists of an upper metal rod-shaped structure and a lower metal rod-shaped structure which are distributed at the edge of the feed network 1, and the upper metal rod-shaped structure and the lower metal rod-shaped structure are respectively connected with a left arc microstrip line and a right arc microstrip line of the horizontal radiation oscillator 2; the supporting column 4 is a metal columnar structure in a hollow form, the bottom of the supporting column 4 is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 5, the top of the supporting column 4 is fixed with the feed network 1, and the feed network 1, a power divider 11 attached to the feed network 1, a broadband balun 12, a horizontal radiating oscillator 2 and a vertical radiating oscillator 3 are all supported on the bottom plate 5 to jointly form an integral antenna structure; the bottom plate 5 is of a metal flat plate structure and participates in antenna radiation as the equivalent of an antenna; the upper surface of the bottom plate 5 is connected with the support columns 4, and the feed network 1 is suspended above the bottom plate 5 in parallel; the lower surface of the bottom plate 5 is connected with an outer conductor of the radio frequency connector 7; the probe 6 is a metal columnar structure with an insulating medium, the probe 6 penetrates through a central through hole of the support column 4, the top of the probe 6 is welded with a combining port of the power divider 11, and the bottom of the probe is inserted into an inner hole of the radio frequency connector 7; and an outer conductor of the radio frequency connector 7 is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate 5, and an inner hole is oppositely inserted with the bottom of the probe 6, so that the radio frequency signal of the transmitter is input into the antenna, or the radio frequency signal of the antenna is output to the receiver.
Further, the upper layer of the feed network 1 is a power divider 11 in a form of dividing into four parts, the lower layer is a broadband balun 12 in a slot line form, and a microstrip line at the output end of the power divider 11 is in short circuit with a microstrip line of the broadband balun 12 through a metalized via hole.
Furthermore, the form of the power divider 11 is not limited to one to four, and may be one to N, where the included angle of the microstrip line of the N-path power divider 11 is 360 °/N, and N is the number of branches of the power divider 11 (N ≧ 2).
Furthermore, the broadband balun 12 is located at a lower layer of the feed network 1, and is in the form of a microstrip-slot line, and the slot depth is about 0.2 λ 1 ～0.3λ 1 (λ 1 A medium wavelength of a corresponding frequency).
Furthermore, the number of the wideband baluns 12 corresponds to the form of the power divider 11, and is not limited to four groups, and may be N groups, where the included angle of the N groups of wideband baluns 12 is 360 °/N, and N is the number of branches of the power divider 11.
Furthermore, the horizontal radiating oscillator 2 is distributed at the edge of the feed network 1, and is composed of a left arc microstrip line and a right arc microstrip line, which are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of the broadband balun 12 slot line, and the working bandwidth of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the microstrip line of the horizontal radiating oscillator 2.
Furthermore, the vertical radiating oscillator 3 is composed of an upper metal rod structure and a lower metal rod structure, is distributed at the edge of the feed network 1, is respectively positioned at the upper layer and the lower layer of the feed network 1, and is respectively connected with the left arc microstrip line and the right arc microstrip line of the horizontal radiating oscillator 3, and the working bandwidth of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the vertical radiating oscillator 3.
Furthermore, the total length of the horizontal radiating element 2 and the vertical radiating element 3 is about 0.4 lambda 0 ～0.6λ 0 (λ 0 Air wavelength at the corresponding frequency).
Furthermore, the number of the horizontal radiating vibrators 2 and the number of the vertical radiating vibrators 3 correspond to the form of the power divider 11, and the power divider is not limited to four groups, but may be N groups, and the included angle between the N groups of horizontal radiating vibrators 2 is 360 °/N; the included angle of the N groups of vertical radiating vibrators 3 is 360 degrees/N, and N is the branching number of the power divider 11.
Furthermore, the number of the horizontal radiating elements 2 and the number of the vertical radiating elements 3 are increased, so that the gain and the out-of-roundness of the antenna can be improved.
Furthermore, the left-handed/right-handed circular polarization characteristics can be flexibly switched by adjusting the positions of the upper and lower metal rod-shaped structures of the vertical radiation oscillator 3.
Furthermore, the supporting columns 4 are metal columnar structures with a central through form, and the height is about 0.15 lambda 0 ～0.25λ 0 The bottom part is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate 5, and the top part is fixed with the feed network 1.
Furthermore, the probe 6 is a metal cylindrical structure with an insulating medium, and penetrates through a central through hole of the support column 4, the top of the probe 6 is welded with a combining port of the power divider 11, and the bottom of the probe is inserted into an inner hole of the radio frequency connector 7.
Furthermore, the bottom plate 5 is equivalent to an antenna, and the size of the bottom plate has a certain shaping function on a directional diagram.
Furthermore, the bottom plate 5, the supporting columns 4 and the feed network 1 are main structures of the antenna, and are installed by screws in a downward and upward mode, so that the implementation form is simple and reliable.
In the embodiment, the feed network 1, the power divider 11, the broadband balun 12 and the horizontal radiation oscillator 2 are all distributed on the upper layer and the lower layer of a dielectric substrate, the design idea is novel and ingenious, and the engineering implementation mode is simple;
preferably, the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider 11 is short-circuited with the microstrip line of the broadband balun 12 through a metalized via hole;
more preferably, the broadband balun 12 is in the form of a microstrip-slot line having a slot depth of about 0.2 λ 1 ～0.3λ 1 (λ 1 A medium wavelength of a corresponding frequency);
more preferably, the vertical radiating vibrator 3 is of two metal bar structures, is in conduction connection with the horizontal radiating vibrator 2 by adopting a screw mode, and is respectively positioned at the upper layer and the lower layer of the feed network 1;
more preferably, the number of the horizontal radiating elements 2 and the vertical radiating elements 3 is increased, so that the gain and the out-of-roundness characteristics of the antenna can be improved;
more preferably, the width of the microstrip line of the horizontal radiating element 2 and the diameter of the vertical radiating element 3 are increased, so that the standing wave and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna can be improved;
more preferably, the left-hand/right-hand circular polarization characteristics can be flexibly switched between the positions of the upper and lower metal rod-shaped structures of the vertical contraposition radiating oscillator 3.
More preferably, the bottom plate 5 and the support column 4, the support column 4 and the feed network 1, and the feed network 1 and the vertical radiating oscillator 3 are fixed by metal screws, so that the antenna is convenient and easy to operate, and the whole antenna only has one welding point between the probe 6 and the power divider 11.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic connection diagram of a feed network 1 and a horizontal radiation oscillator 2, an upper layer of the feed network 1 is a one-to-four power divider 11, a lower layer is a broadband balun 12 in a slot line form, and a microstrip line at an output end of the power divider 11 is short-circuited with a microstrip line of the broadband balun 12 through a metalized via hole; the horizontal radiating oscillators 2 are distributed on the edge of the lower layer of the feed network 1 and connected with the microstrip line of the broadband balun 12.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic connection diagram of the horizontal radiation oscillator 2 and the vertical radiation oscillator 3 is shown, a through hole is reserved at the tail of the microstrip line of the horizontal radiation oscillator 2, a screw hole is reserved at the bottom of the vertical radiation oscillator 3, and the vertical radiation oscillator 3 is connected with the corresponding through hole and distributed on the upper layer and the lower layer of the feed network 1.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of connection between the feed network 1, the support column 4, the bottom plate 5, the probe 6 and the radio frequency connector 7 is shown, flange holes are reserved at both ends of the support column 4, and the support column 4 and the bottom plate are fixed by screws; the feed network 1 and the support column 4 are fixed by screws, the feed probe 6 penetrates through a center hole of the support column 4, the top end of the feed probe is welded with the feed network 1, and the bottom end of the feed probe is inserted into an inner hole of the radio frequency connector 7.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of the standing wave ratio of the antenna in a typical frequency band, the relative bandwidth of the standing wave ratio < 2.0 reaches 40%.
As shown in fig. 6, which is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio of the antenna in a typical frequency band, the relative bandwidth of the axial ratio < 3dB reaches 40%.
As shown in fig. 7, the maximum gain is 1.3dB for the gain pattern of the antenna at a typical frequency point, and the 3dB beamwidth is 110 degrees.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the bottom plate 5 is used as a metal ground of the antenna, radio frequency signals are fed into a combining port of the power divider 11 through the radio frequency connector 7 and the probe 6 to generate four paths of equal-amplitude and same-phase excitation electric signals, the horizontal oscillator 2 and the vertical oscillator 3 are fed through the broadband balun 12, corresponding frequency band currents are excited, and therefore electromagnetic waves are radiated. The process of receiving electromagnetic waves by the antenna of the present invention is the reverse of the above-described process of radiating electromagnetic waves.
By the technical scheme, the antenna has broadband and omnidirectional circularly polarized radiation characteristics, and polarization can be switched; meanwhile, the antenna has simple and reliable structure form, has good engineering characteristics and is suitable for different working platforms.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, other possible combinations of the features of the present invention are not further described. The engineer can perform the specific operation according to the idea of the claims of the present invention, and naturally, a series of modifications can be made to the embodiment according to the above description. All of the above should be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna is characterized by comprising a feeding part, a radiation part and a structural support part; the feeding portion includes: a feed network, a probe and a radio frequency connector; the radiation section includes: a horizontal radiating oscillator and a vertical radiating oscillator; the structural support portion includes: a support pillar and a bottom plate; the feed network is realized by adopting a high-frequency microwave board and consists of a power divider and a feed balun, the upper layer of the feed network is the power divider, output electric signals have the characteristics of equal amplitude and same phase, and the directions of all microstrip lines mutually form an included angle of 90 degrees; the lower layer of the feed network is a broadband balun which is distributed below a microstrip line of the power divider in a microstrip slot line form and is used as an equivalent ground of the power divider to realize balanced feed of the horizontal radiation oscillator and the vertical radiation oscillator; the horizontal radiating vibrators are distributed on the edge of the lower layer of the feed network, consist of a left arc microstrip line and a right arc microstrip line and are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of the broadband balun slot line; the vertical radiation oscillator consists of an upper metal rod-shaped structure and a lower metal rod-shaped structure which are distributed at the edge of the feed network, and the upper metal rod-shaped structure and the lower metal rod-shaped structure are respectively connected with a left arc microstrip line and a right arc microstrip line of the horizontal radiation oscillator; the radio frequency connector feeds power to the feed network through the probe; the support columns are located between the feed network and the bottom plate.
2. The broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the upper layer of the feed network is a power divider in a four-in-one form, the lower layer of the feed network is a broadband balun in a slot line form, and a microstrip line at the output end of the power divider is in short circuit with a microstrip line of the broadband balun through a metalized through hole.
3. The broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the form of the power divider is not limited to one to four, and can be one to N, the included angle of the microstrip lines of the N-path power divider is 360 degrees/N, and N is the number of the branches of the power divider.
4. The broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the broadband isThe balun is arranged at the lower layer of the feed network and adopts a microstrip-slot line form, and the slot depth is about 0.2 lambda 1 ～0.3λ 1 ，λ 1 Is the medium wavelength of the corresponding frequency.
5. The broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the number of the broadband baluns corresponds to the form of the power divider, is not limited to four groups, and can be N groups, the included angle of the N groups of broadband baluns is 360 DEG/N, and N is the number of branches of the power divider.
6. The broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the total length of the horizontal radiating oscillator and the vertical radiating oscillator is about 0.4 lambda 0 ～0.6λ 0 ，λ 0 Is the air wavelength of the corresponding frequency.
7. The broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the number of the horizontal radiating vibrators and the number of the vertical radiating vibrators correspond to the form of the power divider, the power divider is not limited to four groups, the power divider can be N groups, and the included angle of the N groups of horizontal radiating vibrators is 360 degrees/N; the included angle of N groups of vertical radiating vibrators is 360 degrees/N, and N is the branch number of the power divider.
8. The broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the support column is a metal columnar structure in a hollow form, the bottom of the support column is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate, the top of the support column is fixed with the feed network, and the feed network, the power divider attached to the feed network, the broadband balun, the horizontal radiating oscillator and the vertical radiating oscillator are all supported on the bottom plate to jointly form an integral antenna structure.
9. The broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the probe is a metal columnar structure with an insulating medium, penetrates through a central through hole of the supporting column, the top of the probe is welded with the combining port of the power divider, and the bottom of the probe is inserted into an inner hole of the radio frequency connector.
10. The broadband omni-directional circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the outer conductor of the radio frequency connector is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate, the inner hole is inserted with the bottom of the probe, and therefore the radio frequency signal of the transmitter is input into the antenna or the radio frequency signal of the antenna is output to the receiver.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117996424A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-05-07 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Three-dimensional microstrip positioning antenna and manufacturing method thereof |
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