CN115262476A

CN115262476A - Ecological gabion revetment and ecological greening method applicable to same

Info

Publication number: CN115262476A
Application number: CN202210673841.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘敏; 徐明杰; 琚泽文; 杨亚丽; 朱冬舟; 李剑
Original assignee: China Three Gorges Corp; Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Current assignee: China Three Gorges Corp; Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Priority date: 2022-06-14
Filing date: 2022-06-14
Publication date: 2022-11-01

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological gabion revetment, wherein a container mounting hole is formed in a gabion body, and a plurality of planting through holes are formed in a gabion cover plate of the gabion body; the plant planting carrier is embedded into the container mounting hole, and the plant extends out of the planting through hole; the plant planting carrier is directly embedded into the gabion box on the original gabion bank protection, is used for planting plants, and is convenient to construct, simple to maintain, practical and economical; the invention also provides a method suitable for ecological greening of the gabion revetment, which is characterized in that the original gabion revetment is divided into a top land area, a constant water level change area and a preset area below the constant water level of the gabion revetment, and climbing plants, hygrophytes and aquatic plants are respectively planted at corresponding positions of the corresponding areas, so that the method has a remarkable effect on improving the biodiversity of the gabion revetment zone, can effectively improve the pollutant purification capacity of the revetment zone, purify the water quality and effectively reduce the non-point source pollution.

Description

Ecological gabion revetment and ecological greening method applicable to same

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of ecological greening, in particular to an ecological gabion revetment and an ecological greening method suitable for the gabion revetment.

Background

The gabion revetment is widely used because of its advantages of good flexibility, corrosion resistance, strong impact resistance, adaptability to riverbed deformation, effective prevention of water and soil loss, convenience in construction and the like. In the prior art, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a gabion revetment 100 is formed from a plurality of gabion boxes 200. Wherein, gabion box 200 includes gabion apron 210 and gabion baffle 211, and the gabion box is filled with gabion gradation stones 212, and gabion apron 210 and gabion baffle 211 are made by rust-free welded mesh 201. The gabion revetment 100 comprises a gabion ballast 110, a gabion grid 120, a gabion grouted stone retaining wall and the like, and a connecting ring buckle 202 which is connected with the whole revetment rust-free welding net 201 and plays a connecting role.

However, in actual operation and maintenance, it is found that aquatic vegetation designed on the gabion is difficult to recover, the gabion protection slope is often in an exposed state, the plant water purification effect is lost, and meanwhile, the landscape effect is poor. However, if the existing gabion revetments are completely reworked, not only is the construction difficulty higher, but also the economic cost is higher, and the technical problem to be solved is to invent a scheme for carrying out effective ecological greening of the gabion revetments and improving the landscape effect of the gabion revetments on the basis of the existing revetments.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ecological gabion revetment and a method suitable for ecological greening of the gabion revetment.

The invention provides an ecological gabion revetment, which comprises a gabion revetment, a plurality of plant planting carriers and plants planted on the plant planting carriers, wherein the gabion revetment is provided with a plurality of plant planting holes; the gabion revetment comprises a plurality of gabion boxes filled with gabion graded stones; a container mounting hole is formed in the gabion body, and a plurality of planting through holes are formed in a gabion cover plate of the gabion body; the plant planting carrier is embedded into the container mounting hole, and the plant extends out of the planting through hole.

Preferably, the plant growing carrier comprises a growing container and a water-permeable geotextile layer, a growing soil layer and a gravel layer which are positioned in the growing container; the geotechnique's cloth layer of permeating water including being located plant the last first layer of the worker's cloth of permeating water on the soil layer with plant the second layer of the worker's cloth of permeating water under the soil layer, the gravel layer is located it is lower to permeate the worker's cloth second layer.

Preferably, the thickness of the planting soil layer is greater than or equal to 50% of the depth in the planting container.

Preferably, the height of the plant planting carrier is greater than or equal to 0.5m and less than the height of the gabion box body.

Preferably, the transverse cross-sectional area of the plant planting carrier is not more than 30% of the area of the gabion cover plate of the gabion box body.

A method suitable for ecological greening of gabion revetments is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Dividing the gabion revetment into a top land area, a constant water level change area and a constant water level lower preset area of the gabion revetment, and determining that specific positions of plants to be planted in each area correspond to gabion box bodies; 2) Extracting the size parameters of the gabion box body, and designing a corresponding plant planting carrier according to the size parameters; 3) Opening a gabion cover plate of the gabion box body, drawing out gabion graded stones in the gabion box body to form a container mounting hole, and cutting out a planting through hole matched with the diameter of the corresponding seedling single plant on the gabion cover plate according to the diameter of the seedling single plant; 4) And embedding the plant planting carrier into the container mounting hole, closing the gabion cover plate, and planting climbing plants, hydrophytes and aquatic plants in the plant planting carrier in the land area at the top end of the gabion revetment, the constant water level change area and the preset area below the constant water level respectively.

Preferably, the normal water changing area is between 10cm below the normal water level and 30cm above the normal water level; the preset area below the normal water level is between 50cm below the normal water level and 10cm below the normal water level.

Preferably, the height of the plant planting carrier is greater than or equal to 0.5m and less than the height of the gabion box body; the transverse sectional area of the plant planting carrier is not more than 30% of that of the gabion cover plate.

Preferably, the hygrophytes are one or more of droughhaired eupatorium herb, reed and loosestrife; or/and the aquatic plant is one or more of reed, redroot flower, cane shoots and saxifrage; or/and the climbing plants are one or more of Yunnan Huang Xin, euonymus fortunei, ivy and liana.

As mentioned above, the ecological gabion revetment provided by the invention adopts the mode that the plant planting carriers are directly embedded into the gabion box body on the original gabion revetment for planting plants, and the ecological gabion revetment is convenient to construct, simple to maintain, practical and economical; the invention relates to an ecological greening method suitable for a gabion revetment, which is characterized in that an original gabion revetment is divided into a top land area, a constant water level change area and a constant water level preset area of the gabion revetment, climbing plants, hygrophytes and aquatic plants are planted at corresponding positions of corresponding areas in an embedded plant planting carrier mode, so that the ecological greening method has a remarkable effect on improving the biodiversity of the gabion revetment zone, can effectively improve the pollutant purification capacity of the gabion zone, purifies the water quality and effectively reduces non-point source pollution.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a gabion box according to the prior art.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a connecting buckle in a prior art rustless welded mesh.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a planting vehicle planted with a hygrophyte in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a gabion body embedded with a plant planting carrier in an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the gabion revetment with green coverage by the ecological method for the gabion revetment.

Fig. 6 is another schematic view of the gabion revetment with green coverage by the ecological green coverage method of the gabion revetment.

Description of reference numerals:

100. protecting the bank with a gabion; 110. filling the stone cage with feet; 120. gabion lattice stalks; 200. a gabion box body; 201. a non-rust welded mesh; 202. connecting a ring buckle; 210. a gabion cover plate; 211. a gabion spacer; 212. grading stone with gabion; 300. a plant growing carrier; 310. planting containers; 311. water permeable holes; 320. planting a soil layer; 321. a gravel layer; 322. a first layer of permeable geotextile; 323. a second layer of water permeable geotextile; 400. climbing plants; 410. a hygrophyte; 420. an aquatic plant.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.

It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and "middle" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications of the relative relationship may be made without substantial technical changes.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, an embodiment of an ecological gabion revetment comprises a gabion revetment 100, a plurality of plant growing carriers 300 and plants planted on the plant growing carriers 300; the gabion revetment 100 comprises a plurality of gabion box bodies 200, wherein gabion graded stones 212 are filled in the gabion box bodies 200; a container mounting hole is formed in the gabion box body 200, and a plurality of planting through holes are formed in a gabion cover plate 210 of the gabion box body 200; the plant planting carrier 300 is embedded into the container mounting hole, and the plant extends out of the planting through hole.

After a part of the gabion graded stones 212 in the gabion box body 200 are drawn out, container mounting holes are formed. The gabion cover 210 is opened, the plant cultivation carrier is placed in the container mounting hole, and then the gabion cover 210 is closed, so that the plant cultivation carrier 300 is embedded in the gabion box body 200. For vegetation provides suitable environment in the plant species plants carrier 300, simultaneously, seted up on the gabion apron 210 and planted the through-hole, make things convenient for the plant to stretch out. It should be noted that the planting through holes may be rustless welded mesh holes on the gabion cover plate 210, and if the hole diameter of the rustless welded mesh holes cannot accommodate a single plant of a planted plant to pass through, the original structure may be cut to form the planting through holes. It should be noted that, the cut-off position of the rustless welding net 201 should avoid the framework of the gabion cover plate 210, the gabion partition plate 211 and the like in the original gabion revetment 100, and the connecting ring buckle 202 in the rustless welding net 201, which plays a role in fixing, so as to avoid the damage to the overall stability of the original gabion revetment 100.

The plant cultivation carrier 300 includes a cultivation container 310, and a water-permeable geotextile layer, a cultivation soil layer 320, and a gravel layer 321 in the cultivation container 310; the permeable geotextile layer comprises a permeable geotextile first layer 322 positioned on the planting soil layer 320 and a permeable geotextile second layer 323 positioned below the planting soil layer 320, and the gravel layer 321 is positioned below the permeable geotextile second layer 323 to form a soil environment suitable for plant growth.

The planting container 310 is similar to a flowerpot or a large-scale plant planting box, can be made of environment-friendly plastics or wood according to actual requirements, and can comprise more than one water permeable hole 311 at the bottom of the container, wherein the hole diameter is preferably 1 cm-3 cm; the paving thickness of the planting soil is 50% of the depth in the designed planting container 310; the gravel may be graded using removed gabion stones 212, and may be replaced with smaller grades according to the plant growing requirements.

Preferably, in order to ensure that the root system of the plant in the plant planting carrier 300 can have enough growth space and ensure that the original gabion box body 200 has enough strength and stability to play the original bank protection function, the height of the plant planting carrier 300 is greater than or equal to 0.5m and smaller than the height of the gabion box body 200, and the transverse sectional area of the plant planting carrier 300 is not greater than 30% of the area of the gabion cover plate 210 of the gabion box body 200. In this embodiment, the transverse cross-section is that which is parallel to the plane of the gabion cover.

The embodiment of the invention relates to a method suitable for 100 ecological greening of a gabion revetment, which comprises the following steps: 1) Dividing the gabion revetment 100 into a land area at the top end of the gabion revetment 100, a constant water level change area and a preset area under the constant water level, and determining specific positions of plants to be planted in each area to correspond to the gabion box bodies 200; 2) Extracting the size parameters of the gabion box body 200, and designing a corresponding plant planting carrier 300 according to the size parameters; 3) Opening the gabion cover plate, and digging out the gabion graded stones 212 in the gabion box body 200 to form container mounting holes; according to the diameter of each seedling individual plant, cutting a planting through hole matched with the diameter of the corresponding seedling individual plant on the gabion cover plate; 4) Embedding the plant planting carrier 300 into the container mounting hole, planting corresponding plants, and closing the gabion cover plate; among them, the plants planted in the plant planting carriers 300 in the top land area, the constant water level fluctuation area and the predetermined area under the constant water level of the gabion revetment 100 are climbing plants 400, hydrophytes 410 and aquatic plants 420, respectively.

Wherein the constant water level variation region is between 10cm below the constant water level and 30cm above the constant water level; the predetermined area below the normal water level is between 50cm below the normal water level and 10cm below the normal water level. It should be noted that, when the gabion box 200 embedded with the plant planting carrier 300 is selected, the structures of the gabion ballast in the original gabion revetment 100, the gabion grid 120, the gabion grouted stone retaining wall and the like which play a supporting and connecting role in the whole revetment should be avoided, and the risk of damaging the stability of the original gabion revetment 100 is reduced.

The plant cultivation carrier 300 includes a cultivation container 310, and a permeable geotextile layer, a cultivation soil layer 320, and a gravel layer 321 in the cultivation container 310; the permeable geotextile layer includes a permeable geotextile first layer 322 on the planting soil layer 320 and a permeable geotextile second layer 323 under the planting soil layer 320, and the gravel layer 321 is under the permeable geotextile second layer 323.

Wherein, the height of the plant planting carrier 300 is more than or equal to 0.5m and less than the height of the gabion box body 200, and the sectional area of the plant planting carrier 300 is not more than 30% of the gabion cover plate 210. The container mounting holes dug in the corresponding gabion body 200 have substantially the same outer shape as the planting containers 310. After the planting container 310 is placed in the container mounting hole, a filler, such as gravel, may be added to the gap between the planting container 310 and the container mounting hole, so that the planting container 310 is stably embedded in the gabion box 200. Backfilling gravel or moving removed gabion graded stone into the planting container to be level with other gabion revetment heights.

The hygrophyte 410 is one or more of Ecliptae herba, rhizoma Phragmitis, and herba Lysimachiae Graeci. The aquatic plant 420 is one or more of rhizoma Phragmitis, flos Helichryi, caulis Zizaniae Caduciflorae, and herba Clinopodii. The climbing plant 400 is one or more of Yunnan Huang Xin, wintercreeper, ivy and liana, and other varieties with the seedling length of more than 80cm can be selected. The species of hygrophytes 410, aquatic plants 420, and climbing plants 400 should be non-invasive, non-parasitic, and vigorous in growth.

Wherein, the climbing plants are transplanted with root soil and are transplanted to the land part at the top end of the gabion revetment, and the individual plants are staggered in rows when being planted, and the interval between every two plants is 5-50 cm. One or more rows should be designed to be planted in combination with the actual site in the actual construction, and when the site does not have the condition for recovering the planting of climbing plants, the planting can be realized by earthing or hanging planting boxes and the like on the basis of not damaging the safety and stability of the original bank protection in combination with the current situation. After the ecological greening engineering of the gabion bank protection is finished, the climbing plants and the hygrophytes are watered at least once every 2 days in the first two weeks, the climbing plants and the hygrophytes are watered at least once every week in the first two months, and management works of drought prevention, weed removal, pest control and artificial destruction are well carried out in the whole course of the management period.

The method for ecologically greening the gabion revetment divides the original gabion revetment into a gabion revetment top land area, a normal water level changing area and a normal water level lower predetermined area, plants of different types are respectively planted, the original gabion revetment is slightly modified, the problem of vegetation recovery of the existing gabion revetment is solved, the problems of low biological diversity and poor landscape caused by exposure of the existing gabion revetment are effectively solved, the gabion revetment can perform the functions of intercepting and purifying floaters, fine suspended particles, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in a water body to a greater extent, and meanwhile, a beautiful shoreline landscape effect is created. And the selected main materials such as the plant planting container, the planting soil, the gravel, the permeable geotextile and the like are common and available raw materials with low cost, the whole green covering process has the advantages of convenience in construction, unpowered operation, simplicity and convenience in maintenance and management and the like, and the plant planting container, the planting soil, the gravel, the permeable geotextile and the like has good economical efficiency and wide applicability.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ecological gabion revetment is characterized by comprising a gabion revetment (100), a plurality of plant planting carriers (300) and plants planted on the plant planting carriers (300); the gabion revetment (100) comprises a plurality of gabion box bodies (200), and gabion graded stones (212) are filled in the gabion box bodies (200); a container mounting hole is formed in the gabion box body (200), and a plurality of planting through holes are formed in a gabion cover plate (210) of the gabion box body (200); the plant planting carrier (300) is embedded into the container mounting hole, and the plants extend out of the planting through holes.

2. The ecological gabion revetment according to claim 1, wherein the plant growing carrier (300) comprises a growing container (310) and a permeable geotextile layer, a growing soil layer (320) and a gravel layer (321) within the growing container (310); the geotechnique cloth layer that permeates water is including being located the first layer of the work of permeating water cloth (322) on planting soil layer (320) with plant the second layer of the work of permeating water cloth (323) under soil layer (320), gravel layer (321) are located it is lower to permeate water work cloth second layer (323).

3. An ecological gabion revetment according to claim 1, wherein the planting soil layer (320) has a thickness greater than or equal to 50% of the depth within the planting container (310).

4. An ecological gabion revetment according to claim 1, wherein the height of the plant growing carriers (300) is greater than or equal to 0.5m and less than the height of the gabion box (200).

5. An ecological gabion revetment according to claim 1, wherein the plant growth carriers (300) have a transverse cross-sectional area of no more than 30% of the area of the gabion cover (210) of the gabion box (200).

6. A method suitable for ecological greening of gabion revetments is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Dividing the gabion revetment (100) into a top land area, a constant water level change area and a constant water level lower preset area of the gabion revetment, and determining that specific positions of plants to be planted in each area correspond to gabion box bodies (200); 2) Extracting the size parameters of the gabion box body (200), and designing and manufacturing a corresponding plant planting carrier (300) according to the size parameters; 3) Opening a gabion cover plate (210) of the gabion box body (200), digging out gabion graded stones (212) in the gabion box body (200) to form container mounting holes, and cutting planting through holes matched with the diameters of the corresponding seedling single plants on the gabion cover plate according to the diameters of the seedling single plants; 4) Embedding the plant planting carrier (300) into the container mounting hole, planting corresponding plants, and closing a gabion cover plate; wherein, the plants planted in the plant planting carriers (300) in the top land area, the constant water level variable area and the preset area under the constant water level of the gabion revetment are respectively climbing plants (400), hygrophytes (410) and aquatic plants (420).

7. The method for ecological greening of gabion revetment according to claim 6, wherein said constant water fluctuation range is between 10cm below the constant water level and 30cm above the constant water level; the preset area below the normal water level is between 50cm below the normal water level and 10cm below the normal water level.

8. A method for ecological greening of gabion revetment according to claim 6, wherein the height of said plant growing carriers (300) is greater than or equal to 0.5m and less than the height of the gabion box (200), the transverse cross-sectional area of said plant growing carriers being no greater than 30% of the gabion cover (210).

9. The method for ecological greening of the gabion revetment according to claim 8, wherein planting containers are manufactured according to the size parameters of the gabion box (300), and water permeable work cloth, planting soil and gravel are selected; respectively arranging a permeable geotextile layer, a planting soil layer (320) and a gravel layer (321) in the planting container; the geotechnical cloth layer that permeates water is including being located the first layer of the worker's cloth that permeates water (322) on planting soil layer (320) with the worker's cloth second floor that permeates water (323) under planting soil layer (320), the gravel layer is located permeate water under the worker's cloth second floor (323).

10. The method for ecological greening of gabion revetments, according to claim 6, wherein said hygrophytes (410) are one or more of droughhaired clover, reed, loosestrife; or/and the aquatic plant (420) is one or more of reed, zanthoxylum nitidum, zizania latifolia and saxifrage; or/and the climbing plant (400) is one or more of Yunnan Huang Xin, wintercreeper, hedera helix and rosa multiflora.