CN115260597A - 一种橡塑类助剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种橡塑类助剂，包括如下重量份的组分：锌盐25‑75份、有机酸25‑75份和水20‑50份。该橡塑类助剂，其同时具有氧化性、还原性和配位性，可促进橡胶及塑料快速熟化，形成热塑性材料，同时还可促进发泡剂的分解，降低发泡剂的熔点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及合成助剂技术领域，具体涉及一种橡塑类助剂及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
橡胶是从植物中提取或是经过人工合成后，再加工制成的具有弹性、绝缘性、不透水和空气的高分子材料，橡胶材料广泛的应用于工业或生活各方面。在橡胶的加工制备过程中需要添加各种助剂，由塑炼的混炼胶变为高弹性的交联橡胶。
橡胶(如天然橡胶、顺丁橡胶等)及塑料弹性体加工温度低，而且橡胶和塑料弹性体加工用发泡剂的熔点较高，无法很好的与橡胶及塑料弹性体进行融合，而且现有的橡胶及塑料弹性体在制备过程中需要经过超过24小时的熟化，很大的延缓了橡胶和塑料弹性体生产的效率。
发明内容
为了解决上述背景技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种橡塑类助剂，其同时具有氧化性、还原性和配位性，可促进橡胶及塑料快速熟化，形成热塑性材料，同时还可促进发泡剂的分解，降低发泡剂的熔点；此外，本发明还提供了上述橡塑类助剂的制备方法和用途。
为了实现上的目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明的第一方面，提供一种橡塑类助剂，包括如下重量份的组分：锌盐25-75份、有机酸25-75份和水20-50份。
其中，所述锌盐为氧化锌、碳酸锌、硬脂酸锌中一种或几种的混合物。
其中，所述有机酸为草酸、甲酸、乳酸、乙酸中一种或几种的混合物。
本发明的第二方面，提供一种上述橡塑类助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、称取配方量的锌盐、有机酸和水；
S2、将锌盐、有机酸和水加入至反应容器中，在80-100℃下进行搅拌混合反应，优选地，加热温度为85-95℃；
S3、将经过搅拌混合反应后得到的混合物进行烘干、粉碎处理，即得橡塑类助剂。
其中，所述步骤S3中，干燥后的混合物经粉碎处理后，粉料粒径在200目以上。
本发明的第三方面，提供一种橡塑类助剂的用途，将橡塑类助剂加入至发泡剂中，降低发泡剂的熔点。
其中，所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺。
本发明的第四方面，提供一种橡塑类助剂的用途，将橡塑类助剂加入至橡胶或塑料原料中，促进橡胶或塑料快速熟化，形成热塑性材料。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明配方中的锌盐具有配位性，其能够更好的与橡胶或塑料分子中孤对电子结合形成配位键，软化橡胶分子或塑料分子的链段，达到催化熟化的效果，并形成热塑性材料，而非热固性材料，不会对橡胶或塑料的二次加工造成影响；同时锌盐作为还原剂，锌离子外围的电子排布方式为4S24P2，有空轨道，可接受氮、氧的孤对电子，从而可促进发泡剂分子链中反应键断裂，还原生成气体，有机酸作为氧化剂，羰基具有较高的活性，可促使发泡剂分子链中反应键断裂，氧化生成气体，在整个反应过程中产生大量的内热，能够加速发泡剂的分解，有效降低发泡剂的熔点。
具体实施方式
实施例1
橡塑类助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、称取氧化锌250g、碳酸锌250g、草酸250g、甲酸250g和水300g；
S2、将上述各组分加入至反应容器中，在90℃下进行搅拌混合反应，排出二氧化碳；
S3、将经过搅拌混合反应后得到的混合物进行烘干、粉碎处理至粉料粒径在200目以上，即得橡塑类助剂。
实施例2
橡塑类助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、称取碳酸锌250g、草酸200g、甲酸300g、乳酸250g和水500g；
S2、将上述各组分加入至反应容器中，在95℃下进行搅拌混合反应，排出二氧化碳；
S3、将经过搅拌混合反应后得到的混合物进行烘干、粉碎处理至粉料粒径在200目以上，即得橡塑类助剂。
实施例3
橡塑类助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、称取氧化锌600g、甲酸200g、乙酸200g和水200g；
S2、将上述各组分加入至反应容器中，在85℃下进行搅拌混合反应，排出二氧化碳；
S3、将经过搅拌混合反应后得到的混合物进行烘干、粉碎处理至粉料粒径在200目以上，即得橡塑类助剂。
实施例4
橡塑类助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、称取氧化锌400g、硬脂酸锌350g、甲酸250g和水400g；
S2、将上述各组分加入至反应容器中，在100℃下进行搅拌混合反应，排出二氧化碳；
S3、将经过搅拌混合反应后得到的混合物进行烘干、粉碎处理至粉料粒径在200目以上，即得橡塑类助剂。
实验例1
分别将实施例1-4制得的橡塑类助剂与偶氮二甲酰胺按照质量比为1：1的比例进行混合得到样品1-4，然后通过熔点检测仪分别对样品1-4的熔点进行检测，具体检测结果见表1。
表1
| 熔点(℃) | |
| 偶氮二甲酰胺 | 225 |
| 样品1 | 140 |
| 样品2 | 145 |
| 样品3 | 135 |
| 样品4 | 140 |
由表1中的测试结果可知，未加入橡塑类助剂时偶氮二甲酰胺的熔点为225℃，将实施例1-4中制得的橡塑类助剂与偶氮二甲酰胺配合使用，将其熔点降低至150℃以下，这是因为，有机酸作为氧化剂能够氧化偶氮二甲酰胺中的氮氮双键，锌盐作为还原剂能够还原偶氮二甲酰胺中酰基，并且反应过程中产生大量的内热，加速偶氮二甲酰胺的分解，将偶氮二甲酰胺的熔点降低至140-160℃，更好的应用于橡胶或塑料的加工制备过程中。
实验例2
分别将实施例1-4制得的橡塑类助剂加入至天然橡胶材料的合成过程中，其中，橡塑类助剂的加入量为3-5wt％，并对合成过程中的硫化时间进行测试，具体测试结果为：天然橡胶材料合成体系中未加入实施例1-4中制得的橡塑类助剂时，硫化时间为40min(即为胶料由流动状态变为凝固状态所需的时间)，熟化时间为24h(即为胶料由凝固状态硬化变为硬性制品所需的时间)；向天然橡胶材料合成体系中加入实施例1-4制得的橡塑类助剂后，硫化时间为25-30min，熟化时间为18-20h。可知，向橡胶材料合成体系中加入本发明中制得的橡塑类助剂能够达到缩短硫化时间，催化熟化的效果。
综上，本发明配方中的锌盐具有配位性，其能够更好的与橡胶分子或塑料分子中孤对电子结合形成配位键，软化橡胶分子或塑料分子的链段，达到催化熟化的效果，并形成热塑性材料，而非热固性材料，不会对橡胶及塑料的二次加工造成影响；同时锌盐作为还原剂，有机酸作为氧化剂，能够加速发泡剂的分解，有效降低发泡剂的熔点。
以上应用了具体个例对本发明进行阐述，只是用于帮助理解本发明，并不用以限制本发明。对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员，依据本发明的思想，还可以做出若干简单推演、变形或替换。
Claims (8)
1.一种橡塑类助剂，其特征在于，包括如下重量份的组分：锌盐25-75份、有机酸25-75份和水20-50份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的橡塑类助剂，其特征在于，所述锌盐为氧化锌、碳酸锌、硬脂酸锌中一种或几种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的橡塑类助剂，其特征在于，所述有机酸为草酸、甲酸、乳酸、乙酸中一种或几种的混合物。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的橡塑类助剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、称取配方量的锌盐、有机酸和水；
S2、将锌盐、有机酸和水加入至反应容器中，在80-100℃下进行搅拌混合反应；
S3、将经过搅拌混合反应后得到的混合物进行烘干、粉碎处理，即得橡塑类助剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的橡塑类助剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3中，干燥后的混合物经粉碎处理后，粉料粒径在200目以上。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的橡塑类助剂的用途，其特征在于，将橡塑类助剂加入至发泡剂中，降低发泡剂的熔点。
7.根据权利要求6所述的橡塑类助剂的用途，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的橡塑类助剂的用途，其特征在于，将橡塑类助剂加入至橡胶或塑料原料中，促进橡胶或塑料快速熟化，形成热塑性材料。
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4655962A (en) * | 1986-03-25 | 1987-04-07 | Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. | Blowing agent composition |
| CN110982109A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 宋忠强 | 改性adc发泡剂及其制备方法 |
| CN111117010A (zh) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 发泡橡胶组合物与硫化橡胶及其制备方法和应用 |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4655962A (en) * | 1986-03-25 | 1987-04-07 | Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. | Blowing agent composition |
| CN111117010A (zh) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 发泡橡胶组合物与硫化橡胶及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN110982109A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 宋忠强 | 改性adc发泡剂及其制备方法 |
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