CN115246946A - 一种砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种砂仁水提取多糖基可食膜的制备方法,其原料组分为:砂仁水提物20~60%,海藻酸钠0.5~2.5%,壳聚糖0.5~2.5%,甘油1~5%,其余为去离子水。步骤包括砂仁水提物的制备(超微粉碎、浸泡、热提),多糖基混合匀浆溶液的制备,甘油增塑,脱气,制膜等步骤。本发明制备的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜不仅具备良好的机械性能和阻隔性,还具有羟自由基清除与抑菌保鲜效果,可用于糖果膜衣、蛋糕纸内膜、固态及粉末类食品独立内包装等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
由无处不在的塑料包装引起的诸如“白色污染”之类的环境问题十分严峻。天然易降解的复合膜取代普通塑料包装膜,已成为国内外学者研究的热点之一。多糖基可食膜用于食品包装材料不仅安全、无毒、可直接食用,而且绿色、环保、可减少包装材料的浪费。同时,添加某些天然活性成分加工制得的多糖基可食膜可通过分子间相互作用形成的具有一定机械强度和选择透过性的结构致密的薄膜,既具有一定保鲜防腐作用,还能够隔绝部分微生物,延长食品货架期。
砂仁(Amomum villosum Lour.),姜科豆蔻属多年生草本植物,是一种药食同源的原料,广泛于中国福建、广东、广西和云南等地。具有化湿开胃、温脾止泻和理气安胎的功效,在临床上主要用于湿浊中阻,脘痞不饥,脾胃虚寒,呕吐泄泻,妊娠恶阻,胎动不安等病症的治疗,且有较好的效果。近年来,研究发现砂仁具有丰富的药理活性,尤其对于胃肠保护、镇痛、止泻、抑菌、抗氧化等方面表现出显著的优势,但目前尚未见其应用于多糖基可食膜的制备中。
近年来,利用一些植物性活性成分添加提升可食膜某些功能特性的研究方兴未艾。本研究通过将砂仁磨成超微细粉,提取砂仁水提物,加工制备一种新型的理化性能兼备的多糖基可食膜。本发明制备的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜不仅具备良好的机械性能和阻隔性,还具有羟自由基清除与抑菌保鲜效果,可用于糖果膜衣、蛋糕纸内膜、固态及粉末类食品独立内包装等。
发明内容
针对现有的可食用包装膜机械性能较差、易破损、遇水易受潮、制作成本高或工艺繁琐复杂、活性不高等缺点,本发明利用地域特色药食同源砂仁植物,提供了一种砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备方法,通过添加砂仁水提物,增加了可食膜的机械性能和阻隔性,具有羟自由基清除活性和抑菌保鲜功效,同时,加之砂仁水提物自身具有保护胃肠道的生物学作用,可用于糖果膜衣、蛋糕纸内膜、固态及粉末类食品独立内包装等,有效提升产品品质。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)砂仁超微粉碎:将砂仁鼓风烘干至水分含量5%以下,先用普通粉碎机进行粉碎,过筛后通过行星球磨机进行超微粉碎;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)得到的砂仁超微粉加入蒸馏水,4℃浸泡30min
(3)热提:将步骤(2)得到的砂仁粉混合液用大火煮沸,之后文火煮,用两层尼龙布过滤滤液,滤渣加入蒸馏水再大火煮沸,合并两次的滤液,所得滤液进行离心,浓缩并定容至250mL,即得砂仁水提物;
(4)多糖基膜液的制备:按一定比例称取海藻酸钠与壳聚糖,一起溶于100mL 的蒸馏水中,一定温度和转速下搅拌至完全溶解;
(5)砂仁水提物多糖基膜液的制备:向上述(4)多糖基膜液加入一定量的步骤 (3)得到的砂仁水提物和甘油(增塑剂),充分均质;
(6)脱气:将混合膜液脱气去除气泡;
(7)砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备:将脱气后的混合膜液铺展在玻璃板上,静置,揭膜,得到砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜。
步骤(1)中,所述的粉碎条件为:采用普通粉碎机进行粉碎,收集过80 目标准筛但未通过100目标准筛的细粉,将经前处理的细砂仁粉通过行星球磨机进行球磨,球磨介质为ZrO2,球磨时间为3h,球磨转速为500r/min,所得砂仁粉的粒径为21.43±0.43μm;
步骤(2)中,所述砂仁粉与蒸馏水的比例为1:10g/mL;
步骤(3)中,所述热提条件为:砂仁粉混合液大火(1200~1600W)煮沸3~5 min,之后文火(200~600W)煮2~4min,用两层尼龙布过滤滤液,滤渣加入蒸馏水再大火煮沸3~5min,合并两次的滤液,所得滤液进行离心,浓缩并定容至250mL,即得砂仁水提物;
步骤(4)中,所述多糖基膜液的制备,所述的海藻酸钠添加量0.5~2.5%,壳聚糖添加量0.5~2.5%,海藻酸钠与壳聚糖的质量比为1.5:0.7~1.3,二者一起溶于 100mL的蒸馏水中,60℃温度1300r/min转速下搅拌约半小时完全溶解;
步骤(5)中,砂仁水提物的添加量为20~60%,甘油添加量1~5%;用高剪切均质分散乳化机均质10~15min,使混合浆料混合均匀;
步骤(6)中,将步骤(5)均质后的混合浆料置于真空脱气机中进行脱气3~5 次,除去其中的气体;
步骤(7)中,所述的静置温度为35~55℃,静置时间为4~8h。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明以具有地域特色的药食同源植物砂仁为主要基材,通过制备砂仁水提物,添加海藻酸钠和壳聚糖多糖基可食膜溶液以及甘油增塑剂,通过均质共混,使得各组分之间协同增效,制得一种机械性能和阻隔性能优良的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜。
(2)本发明制备的可食膜能够弥补现有的可食用包装膜机械性能较差、易破损、遇水易受潮、制作成本高或工艺繁琐复杂、活性不高等缺点。实验结果显示,本发明制备的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜膜厚为0.07~0.14mm,抗张强度为20.11~29.74MPa,断裂伸长率为20.25~30.02%,水蒸气透过系数为5.43~ 7.04×10-9G/(Pa·s·m),氧气透过率为1.23~1.72cm3/m·s·Pa,羟自由基清除率为35.62%~46.46%,大肠杆菌抑菌活性为23.44~55.69mm2,金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性为31.02~68.32mm2。
(3)本发明的基材砂仁是福建漳州长泰的地标性药食同源植物,具有多种生物学活性,尤其对于胃肠保护、镇痛、止泻、抑菌、抗氧化等方面表现出显著的优势,应用于多糖基可食膜能够对机体发挥诸多益处。
(4)本发明制备方法简单,操作方便,能够进行智能机械化生产,易于工业化推广。既能够直接食用,也能够作为糖果膜衣、蛋糕纸内膜、固态及粉末类食品的内/外包装材料,延长食品的货架期,提升产品品质。
附图说明
图1为实施例4所得的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的宏观图形;
图2为实施例4所得的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜红外光谱扫描图;
图3为实施例4所得的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜电子扫描图像(5000×)。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案能予以实施,下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)砂仁超微粉碎:将砂仁鼓风烘干至水分含量5%以下,先用普通粉碎机进行粉碎,收集过80目标准筛但未通过100目标准筛的细粉,将经前处理的细砂仁粉通过行星球磨机进行球磨,球磨介质为ZrO2,球磨时间为3h,球磨转速为500 r/min,所得砂仁粉的粒径为21.43±0.43μm;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)得到的砂仁超微粉按1:10g/mL比例加入蒸馏水,4℃浸泡30min;
(3)热提:将步骤(2)得到的砂仁粉混合液用大火(1200~1600W)煮沸3~ 5min,之后文火(200~600W)煮2~4min,用两层尼龙布过滤滤液,滤渣加入蒸馏水再大火煮沸3~5min,合并两次的滤液,所得滤液进行离心,浓缩并定容至250mL,即得砂仁水提物;
(4)多糖基膜液的制备:将海藻酸钠和壳聚糖一起溶于100mL的蒸馏水中,海藻酸钠添加量0.5~2.5%,壳聚糖添加量0.5~2.5%,海藻酸钠与壳聚糖的质量比为1.5:0.7~1.3,60℃温度1300r/min转速下搅拌至完全溶解;
(5)砂仁水提物多糖基膜液的制备:向上述(4)多糖基膜液加入20%砂仁水提物和1~5%甘油,用高剪切均质分散乳化机均质10~15min,使混合浆料混合均匀;
(6)脱气:将步骤(5)均质后的混合浆料置于真空脱气机中进行脱气3~5次,除去其中的气体;
(7)砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备:将脱气后的混合膜液铺展在玻璃板上, 50℃静置7h,揭膜,得到砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜。
实施例2
一种砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)砂仁超微粉碎:将砂仁鼓风烘干至水分含量5%以下,先用普通粉碎机进行粉碎,收集过80目标准筛但未通过100目标准筛的细粉,将经前处理的细砂仁粉通过行星球磨机进行球磨,球磨介质为ZrO2,球磨时间为3h,球磨转速为500 r/min,所得砂仁粉的粒径为21.43±0.43μm;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)得到的砂仁超微粉按1:10g/mL比例加入蒸馏水,4℃浸泡30min;
(3)热提:将步骤(2)得到的砂仁粉混合液用大火(1200~1600W)煮沸3~ 5min,之后文火(200~600W)煮2~4min,用两层尼龙布过滤滤液,滤渣加入蒸馏水再大火煮沸3~5min,合并两次的滤液,所得滤液进行离心,浓缩并定容至250mL,即得砂仁水提物;
(4)多糖基膜液的制备:将海藻酸钠和壳聚糖一起溶于100mL的蒸馏水中,海藻酸钠添加量0.5~2.5%,壳聚糖添加量0.5~2.5%,海藻酸钠与壳聚糖的质量比为1.5:0.7~1.3,60℃温度1300r/min转速下搅拌至完全溶解;
(5)砂仁水提物多糖基膜液的制备:向上述(4)多糖基膜液加入30%砂仁水提物和1~5%甘油,用高剪切均质分散乳化机均质10~15min,使混合浆料混合均匀;
(6)脱气:将步骤(5)均质后的混合浆料置于真空脱气机中进行脱气3~5次,除去其中的气体;
(7)砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备:将脱气后的混合膜液铺展在玻璃板上, 50℃静置7h,揭膜,得到砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜。
实施例3
一种砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)砂仁超微粉碎:将砂仁鼓风烘干至水分含量5%以下,先用普通粉碎机进行粉碎,收集过80目标准筛但未通过100目标准筛的细粉,将经前处理的细砂仁粉通过行星球磨机进行球磨,球磨介质为ZrO2,球磨时间为3h,球磨转速为500 r/min,所得砂仁粉的粒径为21.43±0.43μm;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)得到的砂仁超微粉按1:10g/mL比例加入蒸馏水,4℃浸泡30min;
(3)热提:将步骤(2)得到的砂仁粉混合液用大火(1200~1600W)煮沸3~ 5min,之后文火(200~600W)煮2~4min,用两层尼龙布过滤滤液,滤渣加入蒸馏水再大火煮沸3~5min,合并两次的滤液,所得滤液进行离心,浓缩并定容至250mL,即得砂仁水提物;
(4)多糖基膜液的制备:将海藻酸钠和壳聚糖一起溶于100mL的蒸馏水中,海藻酸钠添加量0.5~2.5%,壳聚糖添加量0.5~2.5%,海藻酸钠与壳聚糖的质量比为1.5:0.7~1.3,60℃温度1300r/min转速下搅拌至完全溶解;
(5)砂仁水提物多糖基膜液的制备:向上述(4)多糖基膜液加入40%砂仁水提物和1~5%甘油,用高剪切均质分散乳化机均质10~15min,使混合浆料混合均匀;
(6)脱气:将步骤(5)均质后的混合浆料置于真空脱气机中进行脱气3~5次,除去其中的气体;
(7)砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备:将脱气后的混合膜液铺展在玻璃板上, 50℃静置7h,揭膜,得到砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜。
实施例4
一种砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)砂仁超微粉碎:将砂仁鼓风烘干至水分含量5%以下,先用普通粉碎机进行粉碎,收集过80目标准筛但未通过100目标准筛的细粉,将经前处理的细砂仁粉通过行星球磨机进行球磨,球磨介质为ZrO2,球磨时间为3h,球磨转速为500 r/min,所得砂仁粉的粒径为21.43±0.43μm;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)得到的砂仁超微粉按1:10g/mL比例加入蒸馏水,4℃浸泡30min;
(3)热提:将步骤(2)得到的砂仁粉混合液用大火(1200~1600W)煮沸3~ 5min,之后文火(200~600W)煮2~4min,用两层尼龙布过滤滤液,滤渣加入蒸馏水再大火煮沸3~5min,合并两次的滤液,所得滤液进行离心,浓缩并定容至250mL,即得砂仁水提物;
(4)多糖基膜液的制备:将海藻酸钠和壳聚糖一起溶于100mL的蒸馏水中,海藻酸钠添加量0.5~2.5%,壳聚糖添加量0.5~2.5%,海藻酸钠与壳聚糖的质量比为1.5:0.7~1.3,60℃温度1300r/min转速下搅拌至完全溶解;
(5)砂仁水提物多糖基膜液的制备:向上述(4)多糖基膜液加入50%砂仁水提物和1~5%甘油,用高剪切均质分散乳化机均质10~15min,使混合浆料混合均匀;
(6)脱气:将步骤(5)均质后的混合浆料置于真空脱气机中进行脱气3~5次,除去其中的气体;
(7)砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备:将脱气后的混合膜液铺展在玻璃板上, 50℃静置7h,揭膜,得到砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜,膜的宏观图形、红外光谱图及微观表面结构图像分别如图1,图2,图3所示。
实施例5
一种砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)砂仁超微粉碎:将砂仁鼓风烘干至水分含量5%以下,先用普通粉碎机进行粉碎,收集过80目标准筛但未通过100目标准筛的细粉,将经前处理的细砂仁粉通过行星球磨机进行球磨,球磨介质为ZrO2,球磨时间为3h,球磨转速为500 r/min,所得砂仁粉的粒径为21.43±0.43μm;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)得到的砂仁超微粉按1:10g/mL比例加入蒸馏水,4℃浸泡30min;
(3)热提:将步骤(2)得到的砂仁粉混合液用大火(1200~1600W)煮沸3~ 5min,之后文火(200~600W)煮2~4min,用两层尼龙布过滤滤液,滤渣加入蒸馏水再大火煮沸3~5min,合并两次的滤液,所得滤液进行离心,浓缩并定容至250mL,即得砂仁水提物;
(4)多糖基膜液的制备:将海藻酸钠和壳聚糖一起溶于100mL的蒸馏水中,海藻酸钠添加量0.5~2.5%,壳聚糖添加量0.5~2.5%,海藻酸钠与壳聚糖的质量比为1.5:0.7~1.3,60℃温度1300r/min转速下搅拌至完全溶解;
(5)砂仁水提物多糖基膜液的制备:向上述(4)多糖基膜液加入60%砂仁水提物和1~5%甘油,用高剪切均质分散乳化机均质10~15min,使混合浆料混合均匀;
(6)脱气:将步骤(5)均质后的混合浆料置于真空脱气机中进行脱气3~5次,除去其中的气体;
(7)砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备:将脱气后的混合膜液铺展在玻璃板上, 50℃静置7h,揭膜,得到砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜。
实验例砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的性能检测
对实施例1-5制备的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的性能进行检测,具体的检测项目为:
(1)膜厚的测定。膜的厚度(单位mm)用螺旋测微器测量,测量3次取平均值,用于后续的检测。
(2)机械性能的测定。包括抗张强度和断裂伸长率,测试方法参照 GB13022-91进行。
(3)水蒸气透过系数的测定。测试方法按照GB1037-88杯式法,用透湿性测试仪测定。
(4)氧气透过率的测定。测试方法按照GB/T1038-2000压差法,用气体渗透性测试仪测定。
(5)膜的羟自由基清除能力测定:取可食膜0.2g加水溶解,于25ml 容量瓶中定容至刻度,待其充分溶解即得样品溶液。分别配制浓度均为6mmol/L 的H2O2、FeSO4和水杨酸溶液。样品管中加入2mL样品溶液,空白管加2mL蒸馏水,每份样品再分别加入2mL FeSO4,4mLH2O2,充分摇匀,室温下放置10min;加入2mL水杨酸,充分振摇,放置30min后于510nm出测定吸光值,6mmol/L 水杨酸溶液调零。
(6)抑菌活性测定
可食膜的抑菌活性用纸片扩散培养法测定,无菌条件下用打孔器将可食膜制成直径6mm的圆形片。将制好的可食膜在无菌条件下放置在预先已经接种100μL 实验菌浓度为108CFU/mL的LB琼脂培养基上,每个培养基上放置4片,一片为对照膜,另外3片为同一梯度重复膜。于37℃培养箱中倒置培养24h,培养后取出平板,测量抑菌区域面积(mm2)。抑菌圈的边缘以肉眼看不到细菌明显生长为限。
(7)红外光谱
将膜平整放在检测台上,随机取三个点进行测试。扫描范围:4000~500cm-1,扫描32次。
(8)扫描电镜观察
将可食膜放在铜台上喷金,加速电压设为10kV,放大5000倍,观察膜的表面结构。
实施例1-5砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜性能检测结果见表1。
表1砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜性能检测结果
Claims (8)
1.一种砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)砂仁超微粉碎:将砂仁鼓风烘干至水分含量5%以下,先用普通粉碎机进行粉碎,过筛后通过行星球磨机进行超微粉碎;
(2)浸泡:将步骤(1)得到的砂仁超微粉加入蒸馏水,4℃浸泡30min;
(3)热提:将步骤(2)得到的砂仁粉混合液用大火煮沸,之后文火煮,用两层尼龙布过滤滤液,滤渣加入蒸馏水再大火煮沸,合并两次的滤液,所得滤液进行离心,浓缩并定容至250mL,即得砂仁水提物;
(4)多糖基膜液的制备:按一定比例称取海藻酸钠与壳聚糖,一起溶于100mL的蒸馏水中,一定温度和转速下搅拌至完全溶解;
(5)砂仁水提物多糖基膜液的制备:向上述(4)多糖基膜液加入一定量的步骤(3)得到的砂仁水提物和甘油(增塑剂),充分均质;
(6)脱气:将混合膜液脱气去除气泡;
(7)砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜的制备:将脱气后的混合膜液铺展在玻璃板上,静置,揭膜,得到砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的粉碎条件为:采用普通粉碎机进行粉碎,收集过80目标准筛但未通过100目标准筛的细粉,将经前处理的细砂仁粉通过行星球磨机进行球磨,球磨介质为ZrO2,球磨时间为3h,球磨转速为500r/min,所得砂仁粉的粒径为21.43±0.43μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述砂仁粉与蒸馏水的比例为1:10g/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述热提条件为:砂仁粉混合液大火(1200~1600W)煮沸3~5min,之后文火(200~600W)煮2~4min,用两层尼龙布过滤滤液,滤渣加入蒸馏水再大火煮沸3~5min,合并两次的滤液,所得滤液进行离心,浓缩并定容至250mL,即得砂仁水提物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述多糖基膜液的制备,所述的海藻酸钠添加量0.5~2.5%,壳聚糖添加量0.5~2.5%,海藻酸钠与壳聚糖的质量比为1.5:0.7~1.3,二者一起溶于100mL的蒸馏水中,60℃温度1300r/min转速下搅拌约半小时完全溶解。
6.根据权利要求1所述的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,砂仁水提物的添加量为20~60%,甘油添加量1~5%;用高剪切均质分散乳化机均质10~15min,使混合浆料混合均匀。
7.根据权利要求1所述的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中,将步骤(5)均质后的混合浆料置于真空脱气机中进行脱气3~5次,除去其中的气体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的砂仁水提物多糖基可食膜制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中,所述的静置温度为35~55℃,静置时间为4~8h。
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