CN115246742B - 高氧钢连铸用长水口 - Google Patents

高氧钢连铸用长水口 Download PDF

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CN115246742B
CN115246742B CN202110469875.6A CN202110469875A CN115246742B CN 115246742 B CN115246742 B CN 115246742B CN 202110469875 A CN202110469875 A CN 202110469875A CN 115246742 B CN115246742 B CN 115246742B
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spinel
long nozzle
continuous casting
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inner hole
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CN115246742A (zh
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姚金甫
高华
王涛
李黑山
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高氧钢连铸用长水口，包括本体、位于本体内侧的内孔体和位于本体下部的渣线段；所述内孔体的原料按重量百分比包括85～95％的尖晶石和5～15％的钙长石，并外加有抗氧化剂和酚醛树脂结合剂；所述内孔体的化学组分按重量百分比包括66～70％的Al2O3、23～27％的MgO、1～2％的CaO、2.0～6.5％的SiO2和3.0～3.8％的C。本发明具有优良的抗侵蚀性，并能兼顾较好的抗热震性，用于高氧钢浇铸过程中能减少钢水增碳，满足铸坯品质要求。

Description

高氧钢连铸用长水口
技术领域
本发明涉及炼钢连铸技术领域，特别涉及一种高氧钢连铸用长水口。
背景技术
长水口用于钢包和中间包之间，是钢水由钢包注入中间包的圆管形通道，长水口属于连铸三大件，是实现钢水保护浇铸以提高钢坯质量的重要功能耐火材料，其使用情况将直接影响到整个连铸工艺能否正常进行。长水口一般包括本体，本体内侧设置内孔体，本体下部设置渣线段。连铸过程中，长水口的主要作用包括防止钢液温度散失、控制钢流飞溅、避免钢液二次氧化等。在浇钢初期，当高温钢水流经长水口时，会在其内部产生很大的热应力，可能导致其开裂、断裂。
由此，长水口的本体要求具有良好的抗热震性以及足够的常温和高温强度。内孔体直接受钢水冲刷和侵蚀，因而要求其具有优异的抗冲刷侵蚀性能。渣线段主要受到碱性覆盖剂和大包下渣的侵蚀，因而要求其必须具有良好的抗渣性。通常，本体采用Al2O3-C材料，内孔体采用Al2O3-SiO2-C材料，渣线段采用Al2O3-C材料。针对一般钢种，这样的长水口都能满足抗侵蚀性能要求，但是在浇铸高氧钢时长水口受钢水侵蚀较多，长水口常因侵蚀明显扩孔、残厚明显变薄，导致钢水增碳。造成这类问题的原因包括：一方面，高氧钢的氧含量高，长水口中C会被氧化，而随着氧化脱碳，长水口侵蚀加快；另一方面，高氧钢中含有一定的Fe2O3和MnO，它们与长水口中的Al2O3和SiO2作用形成低熔点相物质，从而加快了侵蚀。
中国专利03111025.8公开了一种非预热超低碳钢用长水口及其制作方法，该长水口的本体材料包括鳞片石墨10～35％、碳化硅以及金属硅粉1～10％、熔融石英5～25％、电熔锆莫来石5～15％、白刚玉35～55％，内衬材料包括电熔锆莫来石10～40％、镁铝尖晶石40～70％、轻烧α-Al2O3 5～20％。该长水口具有良好的热震稳定性、耐冲刷性、使用寿命长、性能安全可靠，大大提高了连铸生产作业效率。中国专利03119153.3公开了一种免烘烤无碳长水口，该长水口的本体材料包括磷片石墨、电熔白刚玉、熔融石英、电熔锆莫来石、碳化硅、金属硅粉，该长水口包括两层内衬，一层内衬材料包括电熔镁铝尖晶石、电熔锆莫来石、轻烧氧化铝、金属铝粉；另一层内衬材料包括熔融石英、电熔白刚玉、氧化锆空心球、轻烧氧化铝。该长水口在保证热震稳定性和抗侵蚀性能的情况下，抗冲刷性能优良，使用寿命长，降低了生产成本。但是，上述专利均加入了熔融石英，虽能在一定程度上改善长水口的抗热震性，但熔融石英的抗侵蚀性较差，不利于长水口对高氧钢钢水抗侵蚀性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高氧钢连铸用长水口，基于尖晶石的抗钢水冲刷侵蚀性能，并结合钙长石以改善尖晶石的抗热震性，对高氧钢具有优良的抗侵蚀性，使得钢水增碳显著减少，满足铸坯品质要求。
本发明是这样实现的：
一种高氧钢连铸用长水口，包括本体、位于本体内侧的内孔体和位于本体下部的渣线段；所述内孔体的原料按重量百分比包括85～95％的尖晶石和5～15％的钙长石，并外加有抗氧化剂和酚醛树脂结合剂。
所述内孔体的化学组分按重量百分比包括66～70％的Al2O3、23～27％的MgO、1～2％的CaO、2.0～6.5％的SiO2和3.0～3.8％的C，其余为微量杂质。
所述尖晶石为烧结尖晶石或电熔尖晶石。
所述渣线段的原料按重量百分比包括35～48％的氧化镁、38～55％的尖晶石和8～16％的碳，并外加有抗氧化剂和酚醛树脂结合剂。
所述渣线段的化学组分按重量百分比包括40～63％的MgO、25～45％的Al2O3和10～18％的C，其余为微量杂质。
所述渣线段的尖晶石为烧结尖晶石或电熔尖晶石。
所述氧化镁为电熔镁砂。
所述抗氧化剂为金属Al、单质Si的一种或两种组合。
所述本体采用Al2O3-C材料。
本发明高氧钢连铸用长水口，首先，长水口的内孔体采用合适比例的尖晶石和钙长石材料，尖晶石熔点为2135℃，其在高温下化学稳定性好，不会与高氧钢发生反应生成低熔点相物质，并具有一定净化钢水的能力，能保证内孔体较好的抗侵蚀性，同时钙长石的热膨胀系数为4.82×10-6/℃且熔点为1552℃，由此利用钙长石较低的热膨胀系数，钙长石在连铸温度下生成少量液相，可以缓和尖晶石材料的热应力以保证内孔体较好的抗热震性。其次，长水口的渣线段采用氧化镁、尖晶石和碳材料，相较于现有的Al2O3-C材料，能显著提高渣线段对碱性覆盖剂和大包下渣的抗侵蚀性。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：具有优良的抗侵蚀性，并能兼顾较好的抗热震性，用于高氧钢浇铸过程中长水口内孔体和渣线段受钢水侵蚀明显减少，从而使得高氧钢钢水增碳较少，满足铸坯品质要求，并能有效提高长水口的连浇炉数。
附图说明
图1为本发明高氧钢连铸用长水口的结构示意图；
图中，1本体，2内孔体，3渣线段。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
参见图1，一种高氧钢连铸用长水口，包括本体1、位于本体内侧的内孔体2和位于本体下部的渣线段3。由于长水口在使用过程中起到保护钢水和钢水控流等作用，因此要求其具有良好的抗侵蚀、抗热震以及足够的常温和高温强度，尤其是本体需具有良好的抗热震性以及足够的常温和高温强度，内孔体需具有优异的抗冲刷、抗侵蚀性能，渣线段需具有良好的抗渣性。由此，所述长水口的本体采用Al2O3-C材料，内孔体采用尖晶石和钙长石材料，渣线段采用氧化镁、尖晶石和碳材料。
具体地，内孔体的原料按重量百分比包括85～95％的尖晶石和5～15％的钙长石，并外加有抗氧化剂和酚醛树脂结合剂，由此得到内孔体的化学组分按重量百分比包括66～70％的Al2O3、23～27％的MgO、1～2％的CaO、2.0～6.5％的SiO2和3.0～3.8％的C，其余为微量杂质。
由于内孔体与钢水接触面积大，直接受到钢水冲刷和侵蚀，尤其是高氧钢钢水，因而内孔体必须提高其对高氧钢钢水的抗侵蚀能力。内孔体采用尖晶石材料，基于尖晶石熔点为2135℃且其高温下化学稳定性好，使得内孔体的抗钢水冲刷和侵蚀性能远远优于现有采用Al2O3-SiO2-C材料的内孔体。但是，尖晶石的热膨胀系数较大，为8.0×10-6/℃，如果全部采用尖晶石作为内孔体，使用时内孔体会出现开裂甚至剥落，抗热震性能不能满足使用要求。而钙长石的热膨胀系数较低，为4.82×10-6/℃，而且熔点为1552℃，其在连铸温度下生成少量液相，可以缓和尖晶石材料的热应力，从而有效改善以尖晶石为主原料的内孔体的抗热震性。同时，钙长石的加入量需控制在5～15％范围内，如若低于5％，则钙长石能改善内孔体抗热震性的作用不明显，如若高于15％，虽然能改善内孔体抗热震性，但由于钙长石在高温下会产生较多液相，而且钙长石与高氧钢中的Fe2O3和MnO反应生成低熔点相物质，不利于内孔体的抗侵蚀性能。由此，尖晶石和钙长石的相对比例合适，既能保证良好的抗冲刷和抗侵蚀性能，又能兼顾抗热震性能，同时内孔体侵蚀减少也有助于减少钢水增碳。
本实施例中，用于内孔体的尖晶石优选为烧结尖晶石或电熔尖晶石。
具体地，渣线段的原料按重量百分比包括35～48％的氧化镁、38～55％的尖晶石和8～16％的碳，并外加有抗氧化剂和酚醛树脂结合剂。由此得到渣线段的化学组分按重量百分比包括40～63％的MgO、25～45％的Al2O3和10～18％的C，其余为微量杂质。渣线段采用MgO-MgAl2O4-C材料，使得渣线段的抗渣性远远优于现有采用Al2O3-C材料的渣线段，显著提高了渣线段对碱性覆盖剂和大包下渣的抗侵蚀性能。
本实施例中，用于渣线段的尖晶石优选为烧结尖晶石或电熔尖晶石，氧化镁优选为电熔镁砂。
内孔体原料和渣线段原料分别按重量百分比进行配料，并外加抗氧化剂和酚醛树脂结合剂，配料混合均匀后放入成型模具内并采用等静压成型。其中，抗氧化剂优选为金属Al、单质Si的一种或两种组合。
表1列出了本发明实施例1～3和比较例4～6内孔体和渣线段的原料重量百分比(wt％)，并列出了实施例和比较例的性能比较。其中，实施例1～3和比较例4～5的内孔体采用尖晶石和钙长石材料，实施例1～3和比较例4～5的渣线段采用氧化镁、尖晶石和碳材料，而比较例6采用现有长水口内孔体材料Al2O3-SiO2-C，其主要组分比例为68％的Al2O3、23％的SiO2和5％的C(其余为杂质)，比较例6采用现有渣线段材料Al2O3-C材料，其主要组分比例为85％的Al2O3和12％的C(其余为杂质)。
表1
从表1可以看出，实施例1～3中钙长石含量控制在5～15％比例范围内，在保证内孔体优良的抗侵蚀性能的同时，亦能兼顾到内孔体的抗热震性能，而比较例4则由于钙长石的含量过少则使得内孔体的抗热震性较差，比较例5则由于钙长石的含量过多则使得内孔体的抗侵蚀性变差，比较例6的抗热震性表现良好但其抗侵蚀性无法满足使用要求。另外，实施例1～3和比较例4～5的渣线段由于采用了氧化镁、尖晶石和碳材料，其抗侵蚀性也得到改善。
表2列出了实施例2和比较例6的高氧钢连铸实炉使用情况和性能对比，实施例2的内孔体采用尖晶石-钙长石且渣线段采用氧化镁-尖晶石-碳，比较例6采用现有内孔体材料。
表2
项目 实施例2 比较例6
内孔体侵蚀速率 32％ 83％
渣线段侵蚀速率 28％ 57％
中间包钢水含碳量 11 15
铸坯品质 满足要求 降级使用
从表2可以看出，实施例2应用于高氧钢连铸中其抗侵蚀性能远远优于比较例6。根据中间包钢水含碳量要求≤13ppm，实施例2能满足该要求，表明实施例2的内孔体和渣线段受高氧钢钢水侵蚀较少，使得钢水增碳较少，铸坯质量能满足要求，而比较例6则不符合该要求，这是由于比较例6的内孔体和渣线段遭受高氧钢钢水侵蚀严重，导致钢水增碳较多，铸坯只能降级使用。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围，因此，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种高氧钢连铸用长水口，包括本体、位于本体内侧的内孔体和位于本体下部的渣线段；其特征在于：所述内孔体的原料按重量百分比包括85～95％的尖晶石和5～15％的钙长石，并外加有抗氧化剂和酚醛树脂结合剂；所述内孔体的化学组分按重量百分比包括66～70％的Al2O3、23～27％的MgO、1～2％的CaO、2.0～6.5％的SiO2和3.0～3.8％的C，其余为微量杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高氧钢连铸用长水口，其特征在于：所述尖晶石为烧结尖晶石或电熔尖晶石。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高氧钢连铸用长水口，其特征在于：所述渣线段的原料按重量百分比包括35～48％的氧化镁、38～55％的尖晶石和8～16％的碳，并外加有抗氧化剂和酚醛树脂结合剂；所述渣线段的化学组分按重量百分比包括40～63％的MgO、25～45％的Al2O3和10～18％的C，其余为微量杂质。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高氧钢连铸用长水口，其特征在于：所述渣线段的尖晶石为烧结尖晶石或电熔尖晶石。
5.根据权利要求3所述的高氧钢连铸用长水口，其特征在于：所述氧化镁为电熔镁砂。
6.根据权利要求1或3所述的高氧钢连铸用长水口，其特征在于：所述抗氧化剂为金属Al、单质Si的一种或两种组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高氧钢连铸用长水口，其特征在于：所述本体采用Al2O3-C材料。
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