CN115226551A - Citrus planting system and method - Google Patents
Citrus planting system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115226551A CN115226551A CN202210567287.0A CN202210567287A CN115226551A CN 115226551 A CN115226551 A CN 115226551A CN 202210567287 A CN202210567287 A CN 202210567287A CN 115226551 A CN115226551 A CN 115226551A
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for planting citrus, which comprises the steps of soaking citrus seeds stored at low temperature in hot water, sowing the seeds into a fruit basin filled with a culture medium, germinating the seeds in the dark, and culturing the seeds to obtain seedlings; screening out robust seedlings, pruning the seedlings and then sequentially soaking the seedlings in clear water and rooting solution; digging a plurality of strip planting furrows, and stacking surface soil and core soil in layers; filling the uniform mixture of the surface soil and the compound fertilizer to 1/4 or 1/5 of the lower part of the bottom of the planting ditch, then filling the core soil to be close to the top of the ditch, planting the citrus seedlings into the planting ditch, and performing irrigation, stem fixing, trimming and shaping and pest control after planting; the system comprises a frame body, a support rod and a pit digging barrel; according to the method, the citrus planting technology is comprehensively optimized from the aspects of breeding and seedling selection, trenching and planting and post-planting management, and a new planting system is adopted in the stage of planting and soil returning, so that the survival rate of the citrus is more than 99%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method and a system for planting citrus.
Background
The citrus fruit is rich in nutrition, rich in fruit juice and moderate in sweetness and sourness, and each hundred grams of citrus pulp contains 0.9 gram of protein, 0.1 gram of fat, 12.8 grams of carbohydrate, 0.4 gram of crude fiber, 56 milligrams of calcium, 15 milligrams of phosphorus, 0.2 milligrams of iron, 0.55 milligrams of carotene, 0.08 milligrams of vitamin B, 0.3 milligrams of vitamin B2, 0.3 milligrams of nicotinic acid, 34 milligrams of vitamin c and nutrients such as hesperidin, citric acid, malic acid, citric acid and the like, so that the citrus fruit has excellent color, aroma and taste, can be eaten fresh and can be processed into various processed products mainly comprising fruit juice. The citrus yield is the first of the hundred fruits, and the citrus juice accounts for 3/4 of the fruit juice, so that the citrus juice is widely favored by consumers. The citrus has long life, high and stable yield and high economic benefit, is the most main tree species of fruit trees in south China, plays an important role in poverty deprivation and enrichment of fruit growers and rural economic development, and is called as one of the current advantage projects for adjusting the domestic agricultural industrial structure.
The existing citrus planting modes mainly comprise two modes, namely citrus seedling planting and grafted seedling planting, but any planting mode is seriously limited by various factors such as growth topography, climatic conditions, artificial management and protection and the like, because seedlings need to be transplanted among different soils, most of the seedlings are transplanted in an artificial mode, and the survival rate of the citrus is low due to the uncertainty of the artificial mode; therefore, how to improve the survival rate of the oranges in the transplanting process is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the survival rate of oranges in the transplanting process, and therefore provides a method and a system for planting oranges.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for growing citrus fruit, the method comprising:
(1) Breeding and selecting seedlings: soaking citrus seeds stored at a low temperature of 2-5 ℃ in hot water, sowing the seeds into a fruit pot filled with a culture medium, germinating the seeds in the dark at a temperature of 26 ℃, culturing the seedlings to obtain seedlings, and screening the seedlings to obtain the seedlings which grow robustly;
(2) Root pruning and root soaking: pruning the robust seedlings and then sequentially soaking the robust seedlings in clear water and rooting solution to obtain seedlings with root systems;
(3) Planting and digging holes: digging a plurality of strip planting ditches, and stacking surface soil and core soil in a layered manner during ditching;
(4) Planting and soil return: firstly, the uniform mixture of the surface soil and the compound fertilizer is filled to 1/4 of the lower part of the bottom of the planting furrows or
1/5, backfilling core soil to be close to the top of the trench, implanting the screened, trimmed and root-soaked citrus seedlings into a planting trench through a transplanting system in a manner that the planting distance is 2.5-4 m, and finally, backfilling the soil to a height which is about 15cm away from the ground to form a mound shape;
(5) Managing after planting: the management after planting mainly comprises irrigation, dry setting, trimming and shaping, pest control and disease and insect control, secondary water and tertiary water are respectively irrigated for two consecutive days after planting, water is irrigated every four days, the height of the dry setting is 30-40cm, plump buds need to be arranged in a shaping belt, buds below the shaping belt need to be erased in time, proper agents are sprayed in time after the dry setting and in a critical growth period, and bags are sleeved in time after spraying.
Preferably, in the breeding and seedling selection process, the culture substrate is prepared from peat soil, bran ash and river sand according to the volume ratio of =1.2 to 1.6:1.5 to 1.8:1, and mixing the components in a ratio of 1.
Preferably, the rooting solution is prepared from ABT rooting powder and clear water.
Preferably, the width and the depth of the permanent planting furrows are 0.8-1.0 m and 1m-1.4m respectively, and the distance between adjacent permanent planting furrows is set to be 3-4m.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing straw ash, sawdust, industrial furnace slag, biological fertilizer, decomposed agricultural fertilizer, plant rooting water-retaining agent and trace element agent; the straw ash, the sawdust, the industrial furnace slag, the biological fertilizer, the decomposed agricultural fertilizer, the plant rooting water-retaining agent and the microelement agent are respectively in the following proportions by weight: 15 to 16:4 to 5:20 to 24:32 to 35:18 to 25:3 to 4.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing straw ash, sawdust, industrial slag, biological fertilizer, decomposed agricultural and mechanical fertilizer, plant rooting and water-retaining agent and trace element agent; the straw ash, the sawdust, the industrial furnace slag, the biological fertilizer, the decomposed agricultural and mechanical fertilizer, the plant rooting and water-retaining agent and the trace element agent are respectively proportioned by weight: 15 to 16:4 to 5:20 to 24:32 to 35:18 to 25:3 to 4.
Preferably, the plant rooting water-retaining agent is prepared from carboxymethyl starch, naphthylacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, vitamin B1, nicotinic acid and 6-aminopurine phosphate, and the trace element agent comprises one or more of iron, silicon, zinc, copper, bromine, selenium, manganese and molybdenum.
In a second aspect, the application provides an orange planting system, which is used for planting and returning soil in the method of the first aspect, the planting system comprises a frame body, a support rod and a pit digging barrel, the support rod penetrates between two side walls of the frame body, and the bottom surface of the support rod is symmetrically provided with connecting rods along a vertical plane where a symmetry line of the frame body is located; one end of each connecting rod is fixedly connected with the corresponding supporting rod, the other end of each connecting rod is connected with a pit digging barrel in a sliding mode through a pit digging sliding device, and the pit digging barrels are arranged between the two connecting rods; the edge of the top surface of the pit digging barrel is fixedly connected with a fixed lifting platform, and one end of the fixed lifting platform, which is far away from the pit digging barrel, is fixedly connected with the edge of the supporting rod; a round hole for the pit digging barrel to pass through is formed in the bottom surface of the frame body; a pedal rod is arranged between the connecting rods and is in sliding connection with the connecting rods through a pedal sliding device; the pit digging device is characterized in that the pedal rod is arranged on a vertical surface where an axial lead of the pit digging barrel is located, a vertical rod is fixedly connected to the center of the pedal rod, the vertical rod penetrates through the center of the top surface of the pit digging barrel, a soil pressing plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the vertical rod, and the soil pressing plate is arranged in the pit digging barrel.
Preferably, the pit digging sliding device comprises a pit digging sliding block and a pit digging sliding rail, and the pit digging sliding rail is symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the pit digging barrel relative to the vertical plane where the symmetry line of the pit digging barrel is located; pit digging slide blocks are arranged in the pit digging slide rails, and the bottom ends of the connecting rods are fixedly connected with the pit digging slide blocks.
Preferably, the pedal sliding device comprises a pedal sliding block and a pedal sliding groove, the pedal sliding groove is symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the pit digging barrel relative to the vertical plane where the symmetry line of the pit digging barrel is located, the pedal sliding block is arranged in the pedal sliding groove, and two ends of the pedal rod are fixedly connected with the pedal sliding block.
Preferably, the pit planing barrel is hollow and cylindrical, and a plurality of sawteeth are fixedly connected to an opening in the bottom surface of the pit planing barrel;
and/or the digging pit cylinder is 40-60cm high and 30-40cm in radius.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the citrus planting method and system provided by the embodiment of the application, the citrus planting technology is comprehensively optimized in all aspects of breeding, seedling selection, trenching, planting and post-planting management, meanwhile, the dedicated planting system is adopted to plant citrus, the planting quality and comprehensive nutrition of citrus can be guaranteed, the survival rate and yield of citrus are remarkably improved, and the survival rate of citrus is more than 99%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-a frame body, 2-a support rod, 3-a pit digging barrel, 4-a connecting rod, 5-a fixed lifting platform, 6-a soil compacting plate, 7-a pit digging sliding device, 71-a pit digging sliding block, 72-a pit digging sliding rail, 8-a sawtooth, 9-a universal wheel, 10-a bracket, 11-a pedal sliding device, 111-a pedal sliding block, 112-a pedal sliding groove, 12-a pedal rod, 13-a vertical rod, 14-a rubber handle and 15-a round hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
All of the features disclosed in this specification or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, except where mutually exclusive features and/or steps are expressly stated, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where expressly stated, with other features which are equivalent or with similar purposes, i.e. each feature may be an embodiment of a single series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
A planting method of oranges mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed breeding and seedling selection
Soaking the mature citrus seeds stored at low temperature in hot water, sowing the seeds into a fruit pot filled with a culture medium, performing seedling culture under dark conditions, and culturing the seeds for a certain time in an illumination environment after the seeds germinate to obtain seedlings;
and (4) selecting seedlings which grow robustly, have a plurality of full buds or secondary tips and do not have plant diseases and insect pests.
Wherein the low-temperature storage temperature is 2 ℃, the culture temperature under the dark condition is 26 ℃, and the culture medium is prepared from peat soil, bran ash and river sand according to the volume ratio of =1.2:1.5:1 in proportion.
In another alternative embodiment, the temperature of the cryopreservation is 5 ℃, and the culture substrate is prepared from peat soil, bran ash and river sand according to the volume ratio of =1.6:1.8:1 in proportion.
The basic matrix composed of the components and the proportion has high contents of biochar, organic potassium and phosphorus, can realize the seedling growth of the citrus and the early-growing fibrous root of the citrus, and promotes the growth speed.
(2) Root pruning and root soaking
And (3) trimming overlong root systems and branch tips of the seedlings, particularly, trimming root end wounds of thick roots with the diameter of more than or equal to 0.3cm, and keeping other fibrous roots as much as possible to prevent a large amount of root systems from being removed to influence the quality of the seedlings.
After the trimmed nursery stocks are soaked in clear water for 20 hours, the nursery stocks are soaked in rooting solution for 0.75 hour, the rooting solution is prepared by adding 20kg of clear water into 1g of ABT rooting powder, and the ABT is used as a spectrally efficient plant growth regulator and has the effects of promoting root development, improving survival rate, enhancing stress resistance of trees and increasing yield.
(3) Planting trenching
Selecting areas with warm climate, sufficient rainfall and deep and fertile soil, adopting a strip planting mode to dig planting furrows, wherein the width and the depth of the planting furrows are respectively 0.8m and 1m, the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is set to be 3m, and in the process of digging furrows, surface soil and core soil are stacked in a layered mode.
In an alternative embodiment, the planting furrows are of a width and depth of 1.0m and 1.4m, respectively, the distance between adjacent planting furrows is set to 4m,
(4) Planting and soil reclamation
The uniform mixture of the surface soil and the compound fertilizer is filled in 1/4 or 1/5 of the lower part of the bottom of the planting ditch to ensure that the fertilizer is not applied to a citrus root distribution layer so as to avoid burning roots and influence survival rate.
And backfilling the core soil to be close to the top of the ditch, and forcibly compacting the soil once every time when the core soil is backfilled to be 20cm thick, otherwise, the combination difference of root systems and the soil affects the absorption of water from the soil of the root systems to affect survival.
And (3) planting the screened and pruned and root-soaked citrus seedlings into planting furrows in a manner that the plant spacing is 3m, ensuring that the roots of the seedlings are comfortable, straight, compacted and appropriate in depth in the planting process, and continuously returning soil until the soil is about 15cm away from the ground to form a mound shape.
In another alternative embodiment, the plant spacing of the citrus seedlings can also be set to 2.5m or 4m.
Watering thoroughly to make the soil dune sink to be level with the ground, covering with a mulching film to keep water and heat loss, and performing moisture preservation and heat preservation to promote the transplanted tree seedling to rapidly take root and grow in the planting ditch.
The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing straw ash, sawdust, industrial slag, biological fertilizer, decomposed agricultural and mechanical fertilizer, plant rooting and water retaining agent and trace element agent. The straw ash, the biological fertilizer, the decomposed agricultural and mechanical fertilizer, the plant rooting and water retaining agent and the trace element agent are respectively in a proportion of 16:4:5:20:32:25:3.
in another optional embodiment, the straw ash, the sawdust, the industrial furnace slag, the biological fertilizer, the decomposed agricultural fertilizer, the plant rooting water-retaining agent and the microelement agent are respectively 15:5:9:24:35:18:4.
the sawdust has rough surface, large porosity and light volume, has the functions of loosening and ventilating, draining water, retaining water and fertilizer, and can decompose organic acid and improve the condition of alkaline soil;
the industrial slag contains rich mineral substances, can improve the physical properties of soil and has good soil permeability.
The decomposed agricultural fertilizer comprises one or more of human manure, chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure.
The plant rooting water-retaining agent is prepared from carboxymethyl starch, naphthylacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, vitamin B1, nicotinic acid and 6-aminopurine phosphate.
The microelement agent comprises one or more of iron, silicon, zinc, copper, bromine, selenium, manganese and molybdenum.
The straw ash, the sawdust, the industrial furnace slag and the decomposed biological agricultural fertilizer are used as the compound fertilizer, the fertilizer cost can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, agricultural waste resources are fully and reasonably utilized, the pollution of wastes to the environment is reduced, the bioavailability is improved, the water-retaining agent is good in stability and high in gel strength, the water-retaining agent has the performance of absorbing water during rainfall and releasing water during drought, the reversibility of absorbed water is good, 80% -95% of absorbed water can be absorbed by nursery stocks, the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining effects are shown, the recovery and growth of plant roots are promoted, the survival rate and the storage rate of afforestation are improved, and the growth of the seedlings is ensured. The microelement agent comprises one or more of ferrum, silicon, zinc, copper, bromine, selenium, manganese and molybdenum, and is used for providing balanced and comprehensive nutrition for citrus saplings and ensuring the survival rate and yield of citrus.
(5) Post-planting management
The management after planting mainly comprises: and (3) respectively irrigating secondary water and tertiary water for two consecutive days after field planting, and then irrigating water once every four days, so that the influence of root rot caused by frequent irrigation on survival rate is strictly prevented.
The management after planting also comprises timely fixed drying when the seedlings gradually grow to a certain height, wherein the fixed drying height is 30-40cm, and the height is favorable for forming a firm trunk with uniform backbone for the oranges, so that the transportation and the transportation of nutrient substances in branches are facilitated, a dense crown is formed, and the fruiting and harvesting are facilitated.
The post-planting management also comprises trimming and shaping: full buds need to be arranged in the shaping belt, if no buds need to be cut off by two or three buds on the secondary branches, and buds below the shaping belt need to be erased in time to prevent nutrition competition.
The post-planting management also comprises pest control, after the fruit trees are dried and in the critical growth period, proper agents are sprayed in time to ensure the health of the fruit trees, the survival rate and the fruiting yield are guaranteed, and lime-sulfur mixture, omethoate and methyl mop body fluid can be selected as the agents.
In another alternative embodiment, the maximum efficacy is ensured by bagging the drug in time after the drug is sprayed.
The citrus planted by the planting method is comprehensively optimized in the aspects of breeding, seedling selection, trenching, planting and post-planting management, so that the planting quality and comprehensive nutrition of the citrus are guaranteed, the survival rate and the yield of the citrus are remarkably improved, and the survival rate of the citrus obtained by the planting method is over 99 percent through practical statistics, so that the planting method is convenient for vigorous popularization and has good industrial application prospect.
The application also provides an orange planting system which is used for transplanting in a planting and soil returning stage in the method, the planting system comprises a frame body 1, a support rod 2 and a pit digging barrel 3, the support rod 2 penetrates between two side walls of the frame body 1, and the bottom surface of the support rod 2 is symmetrically provided with connecting rods 4 along a vertical plane where a symmetrical line of the frame body 1 is located; one end of each connecting rod 4 is fixedly connected with the corresponding supporting rod 2, the other end of each connecting rod is connected with a pit digging barrel 3 in a sliding mode through a pit digging sliding device 7, and the pit digging barrels 3 are arranged between the two connecting rods 4; the edge of the top surface of the pit digging barrel 3 is fixedly connected with a fixed lifting platform 5, and one end, far away from the pit digging barrel 3, of the fixed lifting platform 5 is fixedly connected with the edge of the supporting rod 2; the bottom surface of the frame body 1 is provided with a round hole 15 for the pit digging barrel 3 to pass through; a pedal rod 12 is arranged between the connecting rods 4, and the pedal rod 12 is connected with the connecting rods 4 in a sliding manner through a pedal sliding device 11; the pit digging machine is characterized in that the pedal rod 12 is arranged on a vertical surface where the axial lead of the pit digging barrel 3 is located, a vertical rod 13 is fixedly connected to the center of the pedal rod 12, the vertical rod 13 penetrates through the center of the top surface of the pit digging barrel 3, a soil pressing plate 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the vertical rod 13, and the soil pressing plate 6 is arranged in the pit digging barrel 3.
In the orange transplanting process, the transplanting auxiliary mechanism is moved to an appointed transplanting position, the pit digging barrel 3 is pressed downwards by the fixed lifting platform 5, the pit digging barrel 3 is inserted underground, then the pit digging barrel 3 is lifted to the position above the bottom surface by the fixed lifting platform 5, the transplanting auxiliary mechanism is pushed to the side of a planed soil pit, the pedal rod 12 is treaded by feet, so that the soil pressing plate 6 is pushed out of soil in the pit digging barrel 3, the pushed out soil is left for filling the pit for use after the orange seedlings are transplanted, and then the transplanting auxiliary mechanism is pushed to carry out next pit digging work.
By adopting the system, the soil pits with fixed sizes suitable for orange transplanting can be quickly planed in the transplanting process of orange planting, so that oranges are promoted to be transplanted into planting pits with the same specification, and the survival rate of the oranges is further guaranteed.
In another alternative embodiment, the pit sliding device 7 comprises a pit sliding block 71 and a pit sliding rail 72, and the pit sliding rail 72 is symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the pit barrel 3 relative to the vertical plane where the symmetry line of the pit barrel 3 is located; pit digging slide blocks 71 are arranged in the pit digging slide rails 72, and the bottom ends of the connecting rods 4 are fixedly connected with the pit digging slide blocks 71.
In another alternative embodiment, the pedal sliding device 11 includes a pedal sliding block 111 and a pedal sliding slot 112, the pedal sliding slot 112 is symmetrically disposed on the sidewall of the pit digging barrel 3 with respect to the vertical plane where the symmetry line of the pit digging barrel 3 is located, the pedal sliding block 111 is disposed in the pedal sliding slot 112, and both ends of the pedal rod 12 are fixedly connected to the pedal sliding block 111.
In another optional embodiment, the pit digging barrel 3 is a hollow cylinder, and a plurality of saw teeth 8 are fixedly connected to an opening on the bottom surface of the pit digging barrel 3;
the pit digging barrel 3 is 40-60cm high and 30-40cm in radius.
In another optional embodiment, the supporting rod 2 is provided with rubber handles 14, the rubber handles 14 are symmetrically arranged along a vertical plane where the symmetry line of the supporting rod 2 is located, and the universal wheels 9 are rotatably arranged on the brackets 10 fixedly connected with the four corners of the bottom surface of the frame body 1; in the pit digging process, the rubber handle 14 is held by hand to push the transplanting auxiliary mechanism, and the transplanting auxiliary mechanism pushes the transplanting auxiliary mechanism to the position where the citrus seedlings need to be transplanted under the rolling of the universal wheels 9.
During operation, hold rubber handle 14, transplant complementary unit and move to appointed transplanting position under the rolling effect of universal wheel 9, then drive fixed lift platform 5 extends, bracing piece 2 rigidity, dig a hole section of thick bamboo 3 under the pressure of fixed lift platform 5, through dig a hole slider 71 in dig hole slide rail 72 moves down, until dig a hole section of thick bamboo 3 and insert the underground, because the setting of sawtooth 8 makes dig a hole section of thick bamboo 3 can be more smooth inserts the bottom surface, when inserting underground degree of depth and being 40-60cm (the degree of depth specifically sets for along with the root system development condition of actual oranges and tangerines seedling), drive fixed lift platform 5 and contract, it is in to dig a hole section of thick bamboo 3 through dig a hole slider 71 in dig hole slide rail 72 and upwards slide, will earth area in digging a hole section of thick bamboo 3 leaves the bottom surface, makes this moment dig a hole slider 7 and keep motionless, even dig a hole section of thick bamboo 3 and keep motionless, then promote and transplant complementary unit, will transplant complementary unit and deviate to beside the dug hole, step on with the foot and press pedal lever 12, pedal lever 12 passes through pedal slider 111 is in slide down in the pedal slide rail 112, soil pressing board 6 passes through montant 13 with pedal lever 12 fixed connection, thereby soil pressing board 6 is along with pedal lever 12 downstream will dig earth in a hole section of thick bamboo 3 and push away to dig outside a hole section of thick bamboo 3, promote again and transplant complementary unit, move it to next appointed oranges and tangerines transplanting position, carry out the digging hole of next time, wait to transplant the citrus trees after, will push away to dig a hole section of thick bamboo 3 outside earth, firm citrus seedling.
One or more technical methods provided by the embodiment of the application also have the following advantages:
1. the orange planting technology is comprehensively optimized in aspects of breeding, seedling selection, trenching, planting and post-planting management, and meanwhile, the orange is planted by adopting a special planting system, so that the planting quality and comprehensive nutrition of the orange can be guaranteed, the survival rate and the yield of the orange are remarkably improved, and the survival rate of the orange is more than 99%.
2. The breeding substrate rich in biochar, organic potassium and high phosphorus is used for breeding the oranges, so that the orange seedlings and the early-growing fibrous roots of the oranges can be effectively realized, the growth speed is promoted, and the seedlings which are full in growth, strong in root system and free of diseases and insect pests are screened for planting, so that the survival rate of the oranges is effectively improved.
3. Before planting, the seedling root system and the branch tip are trimmed and then soaked by rooting powder to further ensure the seedling quality, promote the root system development, improve the survival rate, enhance the stress resistance of the tree and improve the yield.
4. When a planting ditch is dug, enough fertilizer is guaranteed in holes, surface soil and bottom soil are separated, and a compound fertilizer formed by mixing straw ash, a biological fertilizer, a thoroughly decomposed agricultural fertilizer, a plant rooting water-retaining agent and a trace element agent is applied in a matched planting mode, so that comprehensive and balanced nutrition is provided for citrus seedlings, the fertilizer cost is effectively reduced, meanwhile, agricultural waste resources are fully and reasonably utilized, the pollution of waste to the environment is reduced, the bioavailability is improved, meanwhile, the added water-retaining agent shows the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention, the recovery and growth of plant roots are promoted, the survival rate and the preservation rate of afforestation are improved, and the growth of seedlings is guaranteed.
5. Adopt special transplanting planting system, can dig out the soil hole that is applicable to the oranges and tangerines of fixed size fast, need not to utilize the manpower to dig the hole, reduce the human cost, improve and transplant the effect to guarantee the survival rate of transplanting the process oranges and tangerines.
The above description is that of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, in that devices and structures not described in detail are understood to be implemented in a manner common in the art; those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the spirit of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (10)
1. A method of citrus planting, the method comprising:
(1) Breeding and selecting seedlings: soaking citrus seeds stored at a low temperature of 2-5 ℃ in hot water, sowing the seeds into a fruit pot filled with a culture medium, germinating the seeds in the dark at a temperature of 26 ℃, culturing the seedlings to obtain seedlings, and screening the seedlings to obtain the seedlings which grow robustly;
(2) Root pruning and root soaking: pruning the robust seedlings and then sequentially soaking the robust seedlings in clear water and rooting solution to obtain seedlings with root systems;
(3) Planting and digging holes: digging a plurality of strip planting ditches, and stacking surface soil and core soil in layers when digging ditches;
(4) Planting and soil return: firstly, the uniform mixture of the surface soil and the compound fertilizer is filled to 1/4 of the lower part of the bottom of the planting furrows or
1/5, backfilling core soil to be close to the top of the trench, implanting the screened, trimmed and root-soaked citrus seedlings into a planting trench through a transplanting system in a manner that the plant spacing is 2.5-4 m, and finally returning soil to a position which is about 15cm higher than the ground to form a mound shape;
(5) Managing after planting: the post-planting management mainly comprises irrigation, dry setting, trimming and shaping and pest control, secondary water and tertiary water are respectively irrigated for two consecutive days after planting, water is irrigated once every four days, the height of the dry setting is 30-40cm, plump buds need to be arranged in a shaping belt, the buds below the shaping belt need to be erased in time, proper agents are sprayed in time after the dry setting and in a critical growth period, and bagging is carried out in time after spraying.
2. A citrus growing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the process of breeding and selecting seedlings, the culture medium is prepared from peat soil, bran ash and river sand according to the volume ratio of = 1.2-1.6: 1.5-1.8: 1, and mixing the components in a ratio of 1.
3. A citrus planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the rooting liquid is prepared from ABT rooting powder and clear water.
4. A citrus planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the width and depth of the planting furrows are 0.8-1.0 m and 1 m-1.4 m respectively, and the distance between adjacent planting furrows is set to be 3-4 m.
5. A citrus planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing straw ash, sawdust, industrial furnace slag, biological fertilizer, decomposed agricultural fertilizer, plant rooting water-retaining agent and microelement agent; the straw ash, the sawdust, the industrial furnace slag, the biological fertilizer, the decomposed agricultural fertilizer, the plant rooting water-retaining agent and the microelement agent are respectively in the following proportions by weight: 15 to 16: 4-5: 20 to 24:32 to 35:18 to 25:3 to 4.
6. A citrus planting method according to claim 6, wherein: the plant rooting water-retaining agent is prepared from carboxymethyl starch, naphthylacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, vitamin B1, nicotinic acid and 6-aminopurine phosphate, and the trace element agent comprises one or more of iron, silicon, zinc, copper, bromine, selenium, manganese and molybdenum.
7. The utility model provides a oranges and tangerines system of planting which characterized in that: the system is used for planting and returning soil in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises a frame body (1), a support rod (2) and a pit digging barrel (3), wherein the support rod (2) is arranged between two side walls of the frame body (1) in a penetrating way, and connecting rods (4) are symmetrically arranged on the bottom surface of the support rod (2) along a vertical plane where the symmetry line of the frame body (1) is located; one end of each connecting rod (4) is fixedly connected with the corresponding supporting rod (2), the other end of each connecting rod is connected with a pit digging barrel (3) in a sliding mode through a pit digging sliding device (7), and the pit digging barrels (3) are arranged between the two connecting rods (4); the edge of the top surface of the pit digging barrel (3) is fixedly connected with a fixed lifting platform (5), and one end, far away from the pit digging barrel (3), of the fixed lifting platform (5) is fixedly connected with the edge of the supporting rod (2); a round hole (15) for the pit digging barrel (3) to pass through is formed in the bottom surface of the frame body (1); pedal rods (12) are arranged between the connecting rods (4), and the pedal rods (12) are in sliding connection with the connecting rods (4) through pedal sliding devices (11); the pit digging machine is characterized in that the pedal rods (12) are arranged on a vertical surface where the axial lead of the pit digging barrel (3) is located, the center of the pedal rods (12) is fixedly connected with vertical rods (13), the vertical rods (13) penetrate through the center of the top surface of the pit digging barrel (3), the bottom ends of the vertical rods (13) are fixedly connected with soil pressing plates (6), and the soil pressing plates (6) are arranged in the pit digging barrel (3).
8. A citrus growing system according to claim 7, wherein: the pit digging sliding device (7) comprises a pit digging sliding block (71) and a pit digging sliding rail (72), and the pit digging sliding rail (72) is symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the pit digging barrel (3) relative to the vertical plane where the symmetry line of the pit digging barrel (3) is located; pit digging slide block (71) is arranged in pit digging slide rail (72), and bottom end of connecting rod (4) is fixedly connected with pit digging slide block (71).
9. A citrus growing system according to claim 7, wherein: pedal slider (11) include pedal slider (111) and pedal spout (112), pedal spout (112) for dig a hole section of thick bamboo (3) symmetry line place vertical plane symmetry set up in dig on the lateral wall of a hole section of thick bamboo (3), pedal slider (111) set up in pedal spout (112), the equal fixed connection in pedal pole (12) both ends pedal slider (111).
10. A citrus planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the pit digging barrel (3) is hollow and cylindrical, and a plurality of saw teeth (8) are fixedly connected to an opening at the bottom surface of the pit digging barrel (3); and/or the pit digging barrel (3) is 40-60cm high and 30-40cm in radius.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117242946A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-12-19 | 河北热点农业发展有限公司 | Automatic integrated equipment for agricultural planting |
| CN117242946B (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-04-02 | 河北热点农业发展有限公司 | Automatic integrated equipment for agricultural planting |
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