CN115212139A - Stick-shaped balm with lasting fragrance effect and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of cosmetic preparation, in particular to a rod-shaped balm with a lasting fragrance effect and a preparation method thereof. A rod-shaped balm with a lasting fragrance effect is prepared by the following principle of mass percent: 10-14% of aromatic, 0.5-0.9% of preservative, 0.1-0.5% of antioxidant, 0.1-2% of emulsifier, 31-54% of emollient, 10-28% of filler and 20-41% of thickener. The main component of the oil-containing perfume is oil, the sealing performance is good, the perfume holding time is excellent, the perfume is soft and fine, the components are mild and the perfume is not irritant. The incense stick is solid, is portable and convenient, can supplement incense at any time, and can be taken on an airplane.

Description

Stick-shaped balm with lasting fragrance effect and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of cosmetic preparation, in particular to a rod-shaped balm with a lasting fragrance effect and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The main component of the traditional perfume is alcohol, so that the perfume has good fragrance-expanding capability and strong smell, and people can be fumigated; contains alcohol, etc., and is used with cautions for sensitive skin and lactation period; the liquid is easy to pour and cannot be carried on the airplane. Traditional balms are inconvenient to pick up, are not suitable for smoothing hair, and can increase the sticky feeling of the hair. Therefore, the application provides a bar-shaped balm which has a lasting fragrance-retaining effect, is portable and convenient and can supplement fragrance at any time.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the balm technology, the application provides a rod-shaped balm with a lasting fragrance effect and a preparation method thereof.

The application provides a stick-shaped balm of lasting fragrant effect, can realize through following technical scheme: a stick-shaped balm with a lasting fragrance effect is prepared by the following principle by mass percent: 10-14% of aromatic, 0.5-0.9% of preservative, 0.1-0.5% of antioxidant, 0.1-2% of emulsifier, 31-54% of emollient, 10-28% of filler and 20-41% of thickener.

The main component of the oil-containing perfume is oil, the sealing performance is good, the perfume holding time is excellent, the perfume is soft and fine, the components are mild and the perfume is not irritant. The application is solid, portable and convenient, can supplement fragrance at any time and can be carried on an airplane.

The composite powder containing (organic silicon resin coated organic silicon rubber powder, specifically cyclopentadimethyl siloxane, polydimethylsiloxane cross-linked polymer, vinyl polydimethylsiloxane/polymethylsiloxane silsesquioxane cross-linked polymer) has excellent smoothness and elasticity, and has the effect of increasing moisture.

The application can save the fried hair, also is a garrulous magic that sends out of a section, can deal with multiple beautiful hair puzzlement, smooths the frizzy hair in the twinkling of an eye, and the arrangement is simple, does not glue the putty and does not injure and send out, brings elegant fragrance simultaneously.

Preferably, the emollient comprises 10-15% of a first emollient, 10-15% of a second emollient, 5-10% of a third emollient, 3-8% of a fourth emollient, and 3-6% of a fifth emollient, wherein the first emollient is octyldodecanol; the second emollient is isopropyl myristate; the third emollient is cyclopentadimethicone and dimethicone cross polymer; the fourth emollient is isononyl isononanoate; the fifth emollient is dioctyl carbonate.

Octyl dodecanol can play a better role in moisturizing the skin and can endow the skin with better smoothness.

The quantity to myristicin isopropyl ester is regulated and control in this application, not only can play the effect of skin moistening, adhesive, emollient and cutin softener for this application is changeed and is paintd and feel is fresh and cool, can make this application moreover, and easy infiltration and extension, fragrance persistence can be better. In addition, the dosage of isopropyl myristate is regulated and controlled in the application and is combined with the whole formula of the application, so that the skin is not easy to be irritated, and sensitive skin can also be used.

Cyclopenta dimethyl silicone acts as a emollient, antistatic, etc., which can produce a lubricious and silky feel. The polydimethylsiloxane cross-linked polymer plays the roles of a softening agent and an emulsion stabilizer, can increase the silky touch feeling of the product, can inhibit the ultraviolet resistant agent from being absorbed by the skin, and plays the role of ultraviolet resistance.

Isononyl isononanoate has silky feel, dry and extremely soft hand feeling, can play an excellent skin moistening effect, is very stable in the formula of the application, and is moist and free of greasy feeling.

The addition of the dioctyl carbonate plays a role in the effects of an emollient and a dispersant, and can promote the application to be easily applied, so that a protective film can be formed on the skin, and the skin is smooth and not greasy, and has a silky touch feeling.

To sum up, through optimizing the kind and the ratio of emollient in this application for this application has the skin moisturizing effect of preferred, smooth not greasy, the smooth sense of touch of silky, easily paints and feel fresh and cool, and easy infiltration and extension, fragrance endurance performance are better.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the first emollient to the second emollient to the third emollient to the fourth emollient is 13.8; the mass ratio of the cyclopentadecylpolydimethylsiloxane to the polydimethylsiloxane cross-linked polymer is 87.5.

Through kind and the ratio of optimizing emollient, can further optimize the performance of this application for this application has more preferred skin moisturizing effect, smooth not greasy, the smooth sense of touch of silky, easily paints and feel fresh and cool, and easy infiltration and extension, fragrance endurance quality are better.

Preferably, the filler comprises 5-10% of a first filler, 3-8% of a second filler and 2-5% of a third filler, wherein the first filler is polymethyl methacrylate, and the particle size is controlled to be 5-9 μm; the second filler is silica with particle size controlled at 6-9 μm; the third filler is starch aluminum octenyl succinate, and the particle size is controlled to be 5-15 μm.

By adopting the technical scheme, the risk coefficient of the polymethyl methacrylate is 1, and the polymethyl methacrylate plays the roles of a film forming agent and a thickening agent. The silica has functions of skin feel regulator, adsorbent and abradant, has slight revelation force, can increase skin smoothness, and has high safety and no irritation to skin. The starch octenyl aluminum succinate plays the roles of an anti-coagulant, an adsorbent and a thickener, can avoid foundation caking on the skin and reduce the greasiness of the emulsion, and can increase the SPF value of the sunscreen cream and improve the integral sunscreen function of the sunscreen cream.

The limitation of the particle size of the filler is effective in preventing the foundation from caking on the skin and reducing the greasiness of the emulsion.

In conclusion, the selection and the proportion of the components of the filler are optimized, so that the skin feel, the use stability and the sun protection performance of the foundation can be improved, the foundation is prevented from caking on the skin, and the greasiness of the emulsion is reduced.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the first filler, the second filler and the third filler is 5:6.5:3.5.

by adopting the technical scheme, the component selection and the proportion of the filler are further optimized, so that the skin feel, the use stability and the sun protection performance of the cosmetic are better, the foundation is effectively prevented from caking on the skin, and the greasiness of the emulsion is reduced.

Preferably, the thickening agent comprises 5-10% of a first thickening agent, 5-10% of a second thickening agent, 5-10% of a third thickening agent, 3-6% of a fourth thickening agent and 2-5% of a fifth thickening agent, wherein the first thickening agent is ozokerite; the second thickening agent is polyethylene; the third thickening agent is vinyl polydimethylsiloxane/polymethylsiloxane silsesquioxane cross-linked polymer; the fourth thickener is microcrystalline wax; the fifth thickening agent is beeswax.

By adopting the technical scheme, the vinyl polydimethylsiloxane/polymethylsiloxane silsesquioxane cross-linked polymer has excellent characteristics of smoothness and elasticity, not only can play a thickening effect, but also can increase the moisturizing effect. The ceresin wax plays a role of an antistatic agent, a binder and an emulsion stabilizer in the application. Polyethylene is mainly used for controlling the time that the product dries out in this application, plays the effect of viscosity control agent, film-forming agent, emulsion stabilizer. The microcrystalline wax plays a role of a binder and an emulsion stabilizer in the application, and is added more safely. The beeswax not only can play a thickening role, promotes the effect that can play moisturizing skin, improves the high temperature resistance of skin, avoids the skin to receive ultraviolet injury, improves the state of cell tissue, makes the cell recover elasticity, avoids the speed of cell sclerosis and senility, promotes skin softness more, reduces the production of fine lines.

To sum up, this application not only can play better viscosity adjustment effect through optimizing thickener composition and ratio, and the processing production of this application of being convenient for is bar-shaped balm, still can give the better smoothness of this application, elasticity, moisture retention simultaneously, improves the high temperature resistant of skin, avoids the skin to receive ultraviolet injury, improves the fine line.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the first thickener to the second thickener to the third thickener to the fourth thickener to the fifth thickener is 4.5:7.5:8.5:3:5.

through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, further optimize thickener composition and ratio, give this application have better smoothness, elasticity, moisture retention, and can better improve the high temperature resistant of skin, avoid the skin to receive the injury of ultraviolet ray, improve the fine line.

Preferably, the emulsifier is polysorbate-20; the aromatic is essence for daily use; the preservative is phenoxyethanol and ethylhexyl glycerol; the mass ratio of the phenoxyethanol to the ethylhexyl glycerol is 91.5; the antioxidant is tocopherol acetate.

Polysorbate-20 has an emulsifying effect and no pox-causing property, ensuring the skin-friendly property of the present application. The phenoxyethanol and the ethylhexyl glycerin can play a good anticorrosion role when used in a combined manner, and meanwhile, the ethylhexyl glycerin also plays a role in moisturizing and skin feel regulation, so that the key is that the fragrance diffusion capacity can be increased, the fragrance diffusion rate of the application can be further improved, and meanwhile, the method has a relatively long fragrance holding time and relatively strong market competitiveness.

The application provides a preparation method of a rod-shaped balm with a lasting fragrance effect, which is realized through the following technical scheme:

a stick-shaped balm with lasting fragrance effect and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:

adding accurately measured octyl dodecanol, isopropyl myristate, ozokerite, polyethylene, isononyl isononanoate, microcrystalline wax, dioctyl carbonate, beeswax and polysorbate-20 into a melting material pot, heating to 85-90 ℃ for melting, and uniformly stirring at 200-250rpm to obtain uniform liquid;

step two, cooling the melting pot to 65-70 ℃, adding accurately measured phenoxyethanol and ethylhexyl glycerol, and uniformly stirring at 200-250rpm to obtain uniform liquid;

adding accurately-metered cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane cross-linked polymer, polymethyl methacrylate, third thickening agent, silica and aluminum starch octenyl succinate into a melting pot, uniformly stirring at 200-250rpm to obtain uniform liquid, adding accurately-metered daily essence, and uniformly stirring at 200-250rpm to obtain uniform liquid;

and step four, sampling, detecting, sealing and warehousing after the detection is qualified to obtain a finished product.

The rod-shaped balm prepared by the method provided by the application has the advantages of good sealing property, excellent fragrance-holding time, soft, exquisite and undisturbed fragrance, mild and non-irritant components, portability and convenience, can supplement fragrance at any time, and can be taken on an airplane. In addition, the preparation method is relatively simple to operate, mature in process, convenient for industrial batch production, low in production cost and further convenient for market popularization and sale.

In summary, the present application has the following advantages:

1. the main component of the oil-containing perfume is oil, the sealing performance is good, the perfume holding time is excellent, the perfume is soft and fine, the components are mild and the perfume is not irritant. The application is solid, portable and convenient, can supplement fragrance at any time and can be carried on an airplane.

2. The composite powder containing (organic silicon resin coated organic silicon rubber powder, specifically cyclopentadimethyl siloxane, polydimethylsiloxane cross-linked polymer, vinyl polydimethylsiloxane/polymethylsiloxane silsesquioxane cross-linked polymer) has excellent smoothness and elasticity, and has the effect of increasing moisture.

3. The application can save the fried hair, also is a garrulous magic that sends out of a section, can deal with multiple beautiful hair puzzlement, smooths the frizzy hair in the twinkling of an eye, and the arrangement is simple, does not glue the putty and does not injure and send out, brings elegant fragrance simultaneously.

4. The preparation method is relatively simple, mature in process and convenient for industrial batch production.

Detailed Description

The present application will be described in further detail with reference to comparative examples and examples.

Examples

Examples 1 to 6

The formula of the stick-shaped balm with lasting fragrance effect disclosed by the application is shown in the following tables 1-2:

table 1 shows the formulations of examples 1 to 3

Table 2 shows the formulations of examples 4 to 6

A preparation method of a stick-shaped balm with a lasting fragrance effect comprises the following steps:

adding accurately measured octyl dodecanol, isopropyl myristate, ozokerite, polyethylene, isononyl isononanoate, microcrystalline wax, dioctyl carbonate, beeswax and polysorbate-20 into a melting material pot, heating to 85-90 ℃ for melting, and uniformly stirring at 200rpm to obtain uniform liquid;

step two, cooling the melting pot to 65-70 ℃, adding accurately measured phenoxyethanol and ethylhexyl glycerol, and uniformly stirring at 200rpm to obtain uniform liquid;

adding accurately measured cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane cross-linked polymer, polymethyl methacrylate, vinyl polydimethylsiloxane/polymethylsiloxane silsesquioxane cross-linked polymer, silica and aluminum starch octenyl succinate into a melting pot, uniformly stirring at 240rpm to obtain uniform liquid, adding accurately measured daily essence, and uniformly stirring at 240rpm to obtain uniform liquid;

and step four, sampling and detecting, detecting sensory and physicochemical indexes according to QB/T1977-2004 and carrying out 2015 edition of cosmetic safety technical specifications according to detection standards, and sealing and storing in a warehouse after the detection is qualified to obtain the finished product of the rod-shaped balsam. Wherein the particle size of the polymethyl methacrylate is controlled to be 5-9 μm. Silica with a particle size of 6-9 μm. The grain size of the aluminum starch octenyl succinate is controlled to be 5-15 mu m.

Comparative example

Comparative example 1 is a nameless rose of a moisturiser cream.

Performance test

Detection method/test method

1. Usage evaluation-experience of the consumer:

(1) Evaluating the object: the test group used the balms of examples 1-6, code A/B/C/D/E/F; control 1 was the anonymous rose of the moisturiser cream of comparative example 1, no. G.

(2) Test object(s): 5 females of 16-24 years old, 5 females of 25-36 years old, 5 females of 37-45 years old and 5 females above 45 years old, wherein the skin sensitivity index of a tester is 0, and the skin is healthy.

(3) The test method comprises the following steps: the balms in examples 1-6 and the balms in comparative example 1 were selected as a test group, and the bottom of the balm bottle was labeled with the corresponding labels, such as label a on the bottom of the balm bottle containing the balm in example 1, label B on the bottom of the balm bottle containing the balm in example 2, label C on the bottom of the balm bottle containing the balm in example 3, label D on the bottom of the balm bottle containing the balm in example 4, label E on the bottom of the balm bottle containing the balm in example 5, label F on the bottom of the balm bottle containing the balm in example 6, and label G on the bottom of the balm bottle containing the balm in comparative example 1. Each test subject needs to rate a test group. Before the test subjects used, the balms in one of the test groups were sequentially scrambled and then evaluated. The evaluation subjects ranked the test balms in order from the best to the best according to personal judgment, and the mark of the order of the balms is recorded in table 3. The judgment standard is divided into four parts, specifically, appearance, use feeling, thermal stability and cold resistance.

Table 3 is a comprehensive evaluation of the use of the balms in examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1

It can be seen by combining example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 4 with table 3 that the best option in the overall evaluation of the balms is in groups a and C, where the first place is the balm in group a, which is the most frequent and the best formulation is the balm in example 1. The balm in the comparative example 1 is always three times later, and the comprehensive evaluation of the balm in the examples 1-5 is better than that of the comparative example 1, so that the balm in the examples 1-5 of the application has higher sensory rating and is more popular with consumers. The composition of the aromatic in the balm in example 6 of the application is changed, and the evaluation structure of the balm prepared by adding the polygonum multiflorum extract is similar to that of the balm in comparative example 1, but the balm mainly aims at consumer groups with problem in hair quality and has an effect of improving the hair quality after use.

2. Usage evaluation-sensory rating of the consumer:

(1) Evaluating the object: the test group used the balms of example 1 and control 1.

(2) Test objects: 2 women aged 16 to 24 (Nos. a and b), 2 women aged 25 to 36 (Nos. c and d), 2 women aged 37 to 45 (Nos. e and f), and 2 women aged 45 or older (Nos. g and h), the skin sensitivity index of the testers was 0, 10-person evaluation groups were formed, and the balms of example 1 and comparative example 1 were subjected to sensory evaluation.

(3) The test method comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out sensory evaluation weighted scoring optimization by the testers through property appearance, use feeling, thermal stability and cold resistance experiments, taking the sensory evaluation weighted scoring optimization as a response index, carrying out statistics on the total score, and taking an average value. Response value sensory rating scoring criteria were as follows:

table 4 is the sensory rating test parameters for the balm of example 1

Index (I)	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	Mean value
										Color	9	8	10	9	9	9	10	9	9.125
Foreign flavor sensation	10	9	9	10	10	10	10	9	9.625
										Spreadability	10	10	9	9	10	8	10	9	9.375
Greasiness property	10	9	9	9	10	9	9	10	9.375
										Moistening property	9	10	10	8	10	10	9	9	9.375
Permeability of	9	8	9	8	10	10	9	10	9.125
										Thermal stabilization	19	19	20	18	19	19	20	19	19.125
Cold resistance	18	19	20	19	20	19	18	19	19.000

Table 5 is the sensory rating test parameters for the balm of comparative example 1

Index (I)	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	Mean value
										Color	8	7	7	6	8	7	9	8	7.500
Foreign flavor sensation	8	9	8	7	9	8	7	8	8.000
										Spreadability	7	9	8	9	10	6	8	7	8.000
Greasiness property	9	8	9	7	8	9	10	8	8.500
										Moistening property	8	9	7	8	9	9	10	8	8.500
Permeability of	6	10	7	8	6	8	10	8	7.875
										Degree of integrity	18	17	19	16	15	20	16	17	17.25
Degree of integrity	17	16	14	19	18	16	17	20	17.125

By combining example 1 and comparative example 1, and tables 4-5, it can be seen that the sum of the weighted average scores of the parameters of the balm in example 1 is 94.125, and the sum of the weighted average scores of the parameters of the balm in comparative example 1 is 82.75, so that the sensory rating of the balm prepared in the application is better and is more popular with consumers.

3. Testing the fragrance holding time of the balsam: randomly selecting 8 testers who do not apply any skin care product, and requiring the testers to apply an appropriate amount of paste on hands to form a uniform sample area with the diameter of 12mm, wherein the testers do not contact other fragrance matters during the fragrance holding time evaluation process, such as the testers do not feel discomfort and cannot erase or increase the samples. The fragrance evaluation was performed every 0.25h until the fragrance in the test sample area was not asked by the tester, and the test was terminated. The test subjects were the balm of example 1 and the balm of comparative example 1.

Table 6 shows the measurement parameters of the fragrance holding time of the stick-shaped balsam in example 1

As can be seen from Table 6, the stick-type balm in example 1 of the present application had a fragrance-holding time of 7.75 to 9.25 hours.

Table 7 shows the measurement parameters of the fragrance-holding time of the stick-shaped balm in comparative example 1

As can be seen from Table 7, the stick of comparative example 1 of the present application had a fragrance-holding time of 4.5 to 5.5 hours. Compared with the comparative example 1, the perfume of the example 1 has a lasting perfume holding effect, is small in skin irritation, and has better skin-friendly and moisturizing performances.

By combining the examples 1-6 and the comparative example 1 and combining the tables 3-7, the essential component of the perfume is grease, so that the perfume has the advantages of good sealing property, excellent fragrance-holding time, soft and fine fragrance, no interference, mild components and no stimulation. The incense stick is solid, is portable and convenient, can supplement incense at any time, and can be taken on an airplane. The composite powder containing (organic silicon resin coated organic silicon rubber powder, specifically cyclopentadimethyl siloxane, polydimethylsiloxane cross-linked polymer, vinyl polydimethylsiloxane/polymethylsiloxane silsesquioxane cross-linked polymer) has excellent smoothness and elasticity, and has the effect of increasing moisture.

The application can save the fried hair, also is a garrulous magic that sends out of a section, can deal with multiple beautiful hair puzzlement, smooths the frizzy hair in the twinkling of an eye, and the arrangement is simple, does not glue the putty and does not injure and send out, brings elegant fragrance simultaneously.

The specific embodiments are only for explaining the present application and are not limiting to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiments without inventive contribution as required after reading the present specification, but all the embodiments are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. A stick-shaped balm with lasting fragrance effect is characterized in that: the material is prepared by the following principle by mass percent: 10-14% of aromatic, 0.5-0.9% of preservative, 0.1-0.5% of antioxidant, 0.1-2% of emulsifier, 31-54% of emollient, 10-28% of filler and 20-41% of thickener.

2. A stick of long lasting fragrance as defined in claim 1, wherein: the emollient comprises 10-15% of first emollient, 10-15% of second emollient, 5-10% of third emollient, 3-8% of fourth emollient and 3-6% of fifth emollient, wherein the first emollient is octyl dodecanol; the second emollient is isopropyl myristate; the third emollient is cyclopentadidimethyl siloxane and polydimethylsiloxane cross-linked polymer; the fourth emollient is isononyl isononanoate; the fifth emollient is dioctyl carbonate.

3. A stick of long lasting fragrance as defined in claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of the first emollient to the second emollient to the third emollient to the fourth emollient to the fifth emollient is 13.8; the mass ratio of the cyclopentadecylpolydimethylsiloxane to the polydimethylsiloxane cross-linked polymer is 87.5.

4. A stick balm with a long lasting fragrance effect according to claim 1, wherein: the filler comprises 5-10% of a first filler, 3-8% of a second filler and 2-5% of a third filler, wherein the first filler is polymethyl methacrylate, and the particle size is controlled to be 5-9 μm; the second filler is silica with particle size controlled at 6-9 μm; the third filler is starch aluminum octenyl succinate, and the particle size is controlled to be 5-15 μm.

5. A stick of long lasting fragrance as defined in claim 4, wherein: the mass ratio of the first filler to the second filler to the third filler is 5:6.5:3.5.

6. a stick of long lasting fragrance as defined in claim 1, wherein: the thickening agent comprises 5-10% of a first thickening agent, 5-10% of a second thickening agent, 5-10% of a third thickening agent, 3-6% of a fourth thickening agent and 2-5% of a fifth thickening agent, wherein the first thickening agent is ozokerite; the second thickening agent is polyethylene; the third thickener is vinyl polydimethylsiloxane/polymethylsiloxane silsesquioxane cross-linked polymer; the fourth thickening agent is microcrystalline wax; the fifth thickening agent is beeswax.

7. A stick of long lasting fragrance as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the mass ratio of the first thickener to the second thickener to the third thickener to the fourth thickener to the fifth thickener is 4.5:7.5:8.5:3:5.

8. a stick of long lasting fragrance as defined in claim 1, wherein: the emulsifier is polysorbate-20; the aromatic is essence for daily use; the preservative is phenoxyethanol and ethylhexyl glycerol; the mass ratio of the phenoxyethanol to the ethylhexyl glycerin is 91.5; the antioxidant is tocopherol acetate.

9. A method of producing a stick of long lasting fragrance benefit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

adding accurately measured octyl dodecanol, isopropyl myristate, ozokerite, polyethylene, isononyl isononanoate, microcrystalline wax, dioctyl carbonate, beeswax and polysorbate-20 into a melting material pot, heating to 85-90 ℃ for melting, and uniformly stirring at 200-250rpm to obtain uniform liquid;

step two, cooling the melting pot to 65-70 ℃, adding accurately measured phenoxyethanol and ethylhexyl glycerol, and uniformly stirring at 200-250rpm to obtain uniform liquid;

adding accurately-metered cyclopentadimethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane cross-linked polymer, polymethyl methacrylate, third thickening agent, silica and aluminum starch octenyl succinate into a melting pot, uniformly stirring at 200-250rpm to obtain uniform liquid, adding accurately-metered daily essence, and uniformly stirring at 200-250rpm to obtain uniform liquid;

and step four, sampling and detecting, sealing and storing in a warehouse after the detection is qualified, and obtaining a finished product.