CN115185074B - Catadioptric miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system - Google Patents
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- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0804—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors
- G02B17/0816—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a refraction and reflection type miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system, which consists of a meniscus afocal protection lens, a main reflector, a secondary reflector, an imaging lens group and a plane optical filter which are sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of short-wave infrared optical systems, in particular to a refraction-reflection type miniaturized short-wave infrared imaging optical system.
Background
Light in the short wave infrared band (0.9-1.7 μm) cannot be directly observed by the human eye due to exceeding the visible spectrum, but its interaction with objects is the same as that of visible light. Compared with a thermal imager which can detect warm objects only under a cold background, an image formed by using reflected light of short wave infrared has shadows and contrast, and the resolution and detail of the image can be comparable with those of visible light.
The short wave infrared imaging technology is widely applied to the fields of low-light night vision, accurate guidance, space remote sensing, near infrared spectrum analysis, industrial control, biological medical treatment, aerospace, aviation and the like in the aspects of science, military, civil use and the like; the method is used for visible-short wave infrared night vision, short wave infrared active illumination light source detection, camouflage identification, laser guidance, laser radar and the like in military; have been used successfully in the field of space exploration for deep space exploration; the method is used for detecting earth mineral resources in the aspect of remote sensing, monitoring the changes of soil, vegetation water content and atmospheric components, estimating crop yield, preventing and reducing disasters and the like; the method can be used for various short-wave infrared spectrometers, short-wave infrared flaw detection, short-wave infrared content measurement, chip on-line automatic detection in the semiconductor device manufacturing industry and the like in the aspect of business; and have begun to find increasing application in the biomedical field. Because green plants have strong ability to reflect near infrared and short wave infrared, and artificial green paint is weak, it can be used to identify military camouflage. This technique for battlefields will greatly improve reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities.
Furthermore, short-wave infrared imagers can detect short-wave infrared lasers of the respective wavelength band, in particular 1.06 μm lasers for distance measurement or illumination indication and 1.5 μm lasers for human eye safety. Due to the high sensitivity and the large array of the short-wave infrared detector, the short-wave infrared imager can accurately detect the position of the short-wave infrared laser light source in a large range, and can be used as a sensor of a photoelectric countermeasure system.
Therefore, the design and development of the short-wave infrared optical system are very necessary, and the miniaturization of the long focal length is a design difficulty of the short-wave infrared optical system.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a refractive-reflective short-wave infrared optical system that can achieve miniaturization and weight reduction of a long-focus short-wave infrared optical system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the refraction and reflection type miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system is formed by a meniscus afocal protection lens, a main reflector, a secondary reflector, an imaging lens group and a plane optical filter which are coaxially arranged in sequence along the propagation direction of an optical path, wherein the meniscus afocal protection lens is arranged at the forefront, a hole is formed in the center of the main reflector, the secondary reflector is opposite to the hole, the reflecting surface of the main reflector is concave and faces to an object side, the reflecting surface of the secondary reflector is convex and faces to the image side, the main reflector receives light rays incident from the meniscus afocal protection lens and reflects the light rays to the secondary reflector, the secondary reflector receives the light rays reflected by the main reflector and reflects the light rays to the imaging lens group, and the imaging lens group is positioned between the secondary reflector and the imaging surface and is used for converging the reflected light rays of the secondary reflector and imaging the light rays on the imaging surface after passing through the plane optical filter.
Specifically, the imaging lens group includes a first meniscus negative lens, a first biconvex positive lens, a second meniscus negative lens, a biconcave negative lens, a first meniscus positive lens, a third meniscus negative lens, and a second biconvex positive lens; the first meniscus negative lens and the first biconvex positive lens form a first cemented lens, and the first meniscus positive lens and the third meniscus negative lens form a second cemented lens.
Further, the meniscus afocal protective lens, the first meniscus negative lens and the second meniscus negative lens are all arranged towards the image space, and the first meniscus positive lens and the third meniscus negative lens are all arranged towards the object space.
Further, the reflecting surface of the main reflecting mirror is a paraboloid with a hole at the center, the reflecting surface of the secondary reflecting mirror is a spherical surface, and the surfaces of the meniscus afocal protective lens and the imaging lens group are spherical surfaces.
Further, the meniscus afocal protection lens is made of H-BAK5, the primary reflector is made of fused silica glass, the secondary reflector is made of fused silica glass, the first meniscus negative lens is made of H-ZF62, the first biconvex positive lens is made of H-LAK59A, the second meniscus negative lens is made of H-ZLAF76, the biconcave negative lens is made of H-K6, the first meniscus positive lens is made of H-QK3L, the third meniscus negative lens is made of H-ZLAF66, the second biconvex positive lens is made of H-LAF51, and the plane filter is made of fused silica glass.
Further, the image plane defocus compensation of the system in the temperature range of minus 40 ℃ to plus 60 ℃ is realized by adopting the mode of axially moving the second biconvex positive lens, and the system defocus compensation caused by the distance change of the observed scenery is realized, so that the clear imaging of objects in different distances under different environmental temperature conditions is ensured, and the total moving stroke is 3.0mm.
Further, the optical system needs to satisfy the following conditions:
-0.3≤f 2 /f≤-0.2，-0.1≤f 3 /f≤-0.05，-0.08≤f 4 /f≤-0.04，0.03≤f 5 /f≤0.05，-0.06≤f 6 /f≤-0.04，-0.05≤f 7 /f≤-0.03，0.08≤f 8 /f≤0.1，-0.6≤f 9 /f≤-0.4，0.06≤f 10 /f≤0.08，
wherein f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system, f 2 Is the effective focal length of the main reflector, f 3 F is the effective focal length of the secondary mirror 4 Is the effective focal length, f, of the first meniscus negative lens 5 Is the effective focal length of the first biconvex positive lens, f 6 Is the effective focal length f of the second meniscus negative lens (6) 7 Is the effective focal length f of the biconcave negative lens (7) 8 Is the effective focal length f of the first meniscus positive lens (8) 9 Is the effective focal length f of the third meniscus negative lens (9) 10 Is the effective focal length of the second biconvex positive lens (10).
Further, the air space between the meniscus afocal protection lens and the primary reflector is 90mm, the air space between the primary reflector and the secondary reflector is 77mm, the air space between the secondary reflector and the first meniscus negative lens is 62mm, the air space between the first cemented lens I and the second meniscus negative lens is 10mm, the air space between the second meniscus negative lens and the biconcave negative lens is 6.95mm, the air space between the biconcave negative lens and the second cemented lens II is 6.1mm, the air space between the second cemented lens II and the second biconvex positive lens is 5.0mm, and the air space between the second biconvex positive lens and the planar filter is 6.0mm.
Further, the technical parameters of the optical system are as follows: working wave band: 0.9-1.7 mu m; f#:5.0; focal length: 500mm; the field of view: 1.10 x 0.88; wherein, F# calculation formula is F/D, F is the focal length of the optical system, and D is the diameter of the entrance pupil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting a refractive-reflective optical structure form, through the bending direction of each meniscus lens, the arrangement of the cemented lens and the optimal configuration of the focal power and the surface curvature of each lens, the number of lenses is effectively reduced, the optical system structure is simplified, and the miniaturization and the light weight of the long-focus optical system are realized.
2. The secondary reflector adopts a spherical mirror, so that the problem that the secondary reflector is quadric in the traditional catadioptric system, and therefore, a corresponding high-precision standard lens is required to be matched in the processing and inspection process of the secondary reflector is solved. Therefore, the processing and detecting difficulties of the secondary reflector are reduced, and the processing cost of the reflector is greatly reduced.
3. The optical system adopts spherical surfaces except the main reflecting mirror, so that the imaging quality of the system is ensured, the error sensitivity of the system is effectively reduced, the assembly efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a light path diagram of a short wave infrared imaging optical system;
FIG. 2 is a graph of transfer functions of a short wave infrared imaging optical system;
fig. 3 is a dot column diagram of a short wave infrared imaging optical system.
Wherein, 1 is a meniscus afocal protection lens, 2 is a primary reflector, 3 is a secondary reflector, 4 is a first meniscus negative lens, 5 is a first biconvex positive lens, 6 is a second meniscus negative lens, 7 is a biconcave negative lens, 8 is a first meniscus positive lens, 9 is a third meniscus negative lens, 10 is a second biconvex positive lens, 11 is an optical filter, and 12 is an imaging surface.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that, in the description of the present invention, if there is an azimuth or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., it is merely corresponding to the drawings of the present application, and in order to facilitate description of the present invention, it is not indicated or implied that the device or element referred to must have a specific azimuth.
As a general knowledge, the direction close to the object space is the object space, the direction close to the image space is the image space, and the two surfaces of the lens are the incident surface and the exit surface in this order from the object space to the image space.
The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance in the order in which lenses of this type appear.
As shown in fig. 1, a refraction-reflection type miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system comprises a meniscus afocal protective lens 1, a secondary reflector 3, a first meniscus negative lens 4, a first biconvex positive lens 5, a main reflector 2, a second meniscus negative lens 6, a biconcave negative lens 7, a first meniscus positive lens 8, a third meniscus negative lens 9, a second biconvex positive lens 10 and a plane filter 11 which are coaxially arranged in sequence from an object space to an image space.
Further, the reflecting surface of the primary reflector 2 is a paraboloid with a central hole, and the reflecting surface of the secondary reflector 3 is a sphere.
Furthermore, the meniscus afocal protection lens 1, the first meniscus negative lens 4 and the second meniscus negative lens 6 are all arranged in a way of being bent towards the image space, and the first meniscus positive lens 8 and the third meniscus negative lens 9 are all arranged in a way of being bent towards the object space.
Preferably, the first meniscus negative lens 4 and the first biconvex positive lens 5 constitute a first cemented lens I, and the first meniscus positive lens 8 and the third meniscus negative lens 9 constitute a second cemented lens II.
Preferably, the material of the meniscus afocal protection lens 1 is H-BAK5, the material of the primary reflector 2 is fused silica glass, the material of the secondary reflector 3 is fused silica glass, the material of the first meniscus negative lens 4 is H-ZF62, the material of the first biconvex positive lens 5 is H-LAK59A, the material of the second meniscus negative lens 6 is H-ZLAF76, the material of the biconcave negative lens 7 is H-K6, the material of the first meniscus positive lens 8 is H-QK3L, the material of the third meniscus negative lens 9 is H-ZLAF66, the material of the second biconvex positive lens 10 is H-LAF51, and the material of the plane filter 11 is fused silica glass.
The system is subjected to image plane defocus compensation in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ by adopting the mode of axially moving the second biconvex positive lens 10, and the system defocus compensation caused by the distance change of the observed scenery is realized, so that the clear imaging of objects with different distances under different environmental temperature conditions is ensured.
The specific light transmission path of the optical system is that the outside scenery light reaches the main reflector 2 after passing through the afocal protection lens 1, reaches the secondary reflector 3 after being reflected by the main reflector 2, reaches the first bonding lens I after being reflected by the secondary reflector 3, reaches the second meniscus negative lens 6 after being converged by the first bonding lens I, reaches the biconcave negative lens 7 after being diverged by the second meniscus negative lens 6, reaches the second bonding lens II after being diverged by the biconcave negative lens 7, reaches the second biconvex positive lens 10 after being converged by the second bonding lens II, and is imaged on the imaging surface 12 through the plane filter 11 after being converged by the second biconvex positive lens 10.
The main mirror 2 satisfies the following condition: -f is not less than 0.3 2 Wherein f is equal to or less than-0.2, and f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system 2 Is the effective focal length of the primary mirror 2;
the secondary mirror 3 satisfies the following conditions: -f is equal to or less than 0.1 3 Wherein f is equal to or less than-0.05, and f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system 3 Is the effective focal length of the secondary mirror 3;
the first meniscus negative lens 4 satisfies the following conditions: -f is equal to or less than 0.08 4 And f is less than or equal to-0.04, wherein f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system 4 An effective focal length of the first meniscus negative lens 4;
the first biconvex positive lens 5 satisfies the following conditions: f is more than or equal to 0.03 5 Wherein f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system and is less than or equal to 0.05 5 Is the effective focal length of the first biconvex positive lens 5;
said second meniscusThe negative lens 6 satisfies the following condition: -f is equal to or less than 0.06 6 And f is less than or equal to-0.04, wherein f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system 6 An effective focal length of the second meniscus negative lens 6;
the biconcave negative lens (7) satisfies the following conditions: -f is equal to or less than 0.05 7 And f is less than or equal to-0.03, wherein f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system 7 Is the effective focal length of the biconcave negative lens (7);
the first meniscus positive lens 8 satisfies the following conditions: f is more than or equal to 0.08 8 Wherein f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system and is less than or equal to 0.1 8 An effective focal length of the first meniscus lens 8;
the third meniscus negative lens 9 satisfies the following condition: -f is equal to or less than 0.6 9 Wherein f is equal to or less than-0.4, and f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system 9 An effective focal length of the third meniscus negative lens 9;
the second biconvex positive lens 10 satisfies the following conditions: f is more than or equal to 0.06 10 And f is less than or equal to 0.08, wherein f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system and f 10 Is the effective focal length of the second biconvex positive lens 10.
Further, the technical parameters of the implementation of the optical system are as follows: working wave band: 0.9-1.7 mu m; f (F) # :5.0; focal length: 500mm; the field of view: 1.10 x 0.88; wherein F is # The calculation formula is f/D, f is the focal length of the optical system, and D is the diameter of the entrance pupil.
Further, the caliber of the main reflector is 100mm, and the caliber of the secondary reflector is 28mm.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the air space between the meniscus afocal protective lens 1 and the primary mirror 2 is 90mm, the air space between the primary mirror 2 and the secondary mirror 3 is 77mm, the air space between the secondary mirror 3 and the first meniscus negative lens 4 is 62mm, the air space between the first cemented lens I and the second meniscus negative lens 6 is 10mm, the air space between the second meniscus negative lens 6 and the biconcave negative lens 7 is 6.95mm, the air space between the biconcave negative lens 7 and the second cemented lens II is 6.1mm, the air space between the second cemented lens II and the second biconvex positive lens 10 is 5.0mm, and the air space between the second biconvex positive lens 10 and the plane filter 11 is 6.0mm.
The invention realizes the technical indexes that:
adapting the detector: a short wave infrared detector with resolution of 640 multiplied by 512 and pixel size of 15 mu m;
working wave band: 0.9-1.7 mu m;
F # ： 5.0；
focal length: 500mm;
the field of view: 1.10 x 0.88.
Table 1 lists detailed data for embodiments of optical systems according to the present invention, including the surface type, radius of curvature, thickness, caliber, and material of each lens. Wherein, the unit of curvature radius and thickness of the lens is mm. Wherein "radius" in table 1 indicates the radius of curvature of the face, the positive and negative discriminant principle is: the intersection point of the surface and the main optical axis is used as a starting point, and the curved surface center of the surface is used as an end point. If the connecting line direction is the same as the light propagation direction, the connecting line direction is positive, otherwise, the connecting line direction is negative. If the surface is a plane, the curvature radius of the surface is infinity; the "thickness" in table 1 gives the distance between two adjacent faces on the optical axis, and the positive and negative judgment principle is: the current vertex is used as a starting point, and the next vertex is used as an ending point. If the connecting line direction is the same as the light propagation direction, the connecting line direction is positive, otherwise, the connecting line direction is negative. If the material between the two faces is infrared, the thickness is indicative of the lens thickness, and if there is no material between the two faces, the air gap between the two lenses.
Table 1: lens parameters
As can be seen from fig. 2, when the spatial frequency corresponding to the short wave infrared detector is 33lp/mm, the minimum value of the system transfer function is more than 0.5, and the imaging quality is excellent.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the diameter of the diffuse spot of the optical system is smaller than the diameter of the detector pixel, thereby meeting the use requirement.
The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, but the present invention is disclosed in the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments without departing from the technical scope of the present invention, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The refraction-reflection type miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system is characterized by comprising a meniscus afocal protection lens (1), a main reflector (2), a secondary reflector (3), an imaging lens group and a plane optical filter (11) which are coaxially arranged in sequence along the light path propagation direction, wherein the meniscus afocal protection lens (1) is arranged at the forefront, a central hole of the main reflector is formed, the secondary reflector is coaxially arranged opposite to the hole, the reflecting surface of the main reflector (2) is concave and faces to the object side, the reflecting surface of the secondary reflector (3) is convex and faces to the image side, the main reflector (2) receives light rays incident from the meniscus afocal protection lens (1) and reflects the light rays to the secondary reflector (3), the secondary reflector (3) receives light rays reflected by the main reflector (2) and reflects the light rays to the imaging lens group, and the imaging lens group is positioned between the secondary reflector (3) and the imaging surface (12) and is used for converging the reflected light rays of the secondary reflector (3) and imaging the plane optical filter (12) after passing through the plane optical filter (11); the imaging lens group consists of a first meniscus negative lens (4), a first biconvex positive lens (5), a second meniscus negative lens (6), a biconcave negative lens (7), a first meniscus positive lens (8), a third meniscus negative lens (9) and a second biconvex positive lens (10); the first meniscus negative lens (4) and the first biconvex positive lens (5) form a first bonding lens I, and the first meniscus positive lens (8) and the third meniscus negative lens (9) form a second bonding lens II; the surface curvature radiuses of the meniscus afocal protective lens (1), the first meniscus negative lens (4) and the second meniscus negative lens (6) are positive, and the surface curvature radiuses of the first meniscus positive lens (8) and the third meniscus negative lens (9) are negative; the optical system needs to satisfy the following conditions:
-0.3≤f 2 /f≤-0.2，-0.1≤f 3 /f≤-0.05，-0.08≤f 4 /f≤-0.04，0.03≤f 5 /f≤0.05，-0.06≤f 6 /f≤-0.04，-0.05≤f 7 /f≤-0.03，0.08≤f 8 /f≤0.1，-0.6≤f 9 /f≤-0.4，0.06≤f 10 /f≤0.08；
wherein the method comprises the steps offFor the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system,f 2 is the effective focal length of the main reflector (2),f 3 for the effective focal length of the secondary mirror (3),f 4 is the effective focal length of the first meniscus negative lens (4),f 5 is the effective focal length of the first biconvex positive lens (5),f 6 is the effective focal length of the second meniscus negative lens (6),f 7 is the effective focal length of the biconcave negative lens (7),f 8 is the effective focal length of the first meniscus positive lens (8),f 9 is the effective focal length of the third meniscus negative lens (9),f 10 is the effective focal length of the second biconvex positive lens (10).
2. The catadioptric miniaturized short-wave infrared imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting surface of the main reflecting mirror (2) is a paraboloid, the reflecting surface of the secondary reflecting mirror (3) is a sphere, and the surfaces of the meniscus afocal protective lens (1) and the imaging lens group are spheres.
3. The refraction-reflection type miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein the material of the meniscus afocal protection lens (1) is H-BAK5, the material of the main reflector (2) is fused silica glass, the material of the secondary reflector (3) is fused silica glass, the material of the first meniscus negative lens (4) is H-ZF62, the material of the first biconvex positive lens (5) is H-LAK59A, the material of the second meniscus negative lens (6) is H-ZLAF76, the material of the biconcave negative lens (7) is H-K6, the material of the first meniscus positive lens (8) is H-QK3L, the material of the third meniscus negative lens (9) is H-ZLAF66, the material of the second biconvex positive lens (10) is H-LAF51, and the material of the plane filter (11) is fused silica glass.
4. The refraction-reflection type miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image surface defocus compensation of the system in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and the system defocus compensation caused by the distance change of the observed scenery are realized by adopting a mode of axially moving the second biconvex positive lens (10), so that the clear imaging of the system on objects with different distances under different environmental temperature conditions is ensured, and the total moving stroke is 3.0mm.
5. A catadioptric miniaturized short wave infrared imaging optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that the air space between the meniscus afocal protective lens (1) and the primary mirror (2) is 90mm, the air space between the primary mirror (2) and the secondary mirror (3) is 77mm, the air space between the secondary mirror (3) and the first meniscus negative lens (4) is 62mm, the air space between the first cemented lens I and the second meniscus negative lens (6) is 10mm, the air space between the second meniscus negative lens (6) and the biconcave negative lens (7) is 6.95mm, the air space between the biconcave negative lens (7) and the second biconvex positive lens (10) is 6.1mm, the air space between the second cemented lens II and the second biconvex positive lens (10) is 5.0mm, and the air space between the second biconvex positive lens (10) and the plane (11) is 6.0mm.
6. The refraction-reflection type miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the optical system is realized with the following technical parameters: working wave band: 0.9-1.7 mu m; f#:5.0; focal length: 500mm; the field of view: 1.10 x 0.88; wherein, the F# calculation formula is as followsf/D，fD is the entrance pupil diameter, which is the focal length of the optical system.
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| CN202210850852.4A CN115185074B (en) | 2022-07-19 | 2022-07-19 | Catadioptric miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system |
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