CN115185074A - Catadioptric miniaturized short-wave infrared imaging optical system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a refraction and reflection type miniaturized short-wave infrared imaging optical system which consists of a meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens, a main reflector, a secondary reflector, an imaging lens group and a plane optical filter which are sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of short wave infrared optical systems, in particular to a catadioptric miniaturized short wave infrared imaging optical system.
Background
Light in the short-wave infrared band (0.9-1.7 μm) cannot be directly observed by human eyes because it exceeds the visible light spectrum range, but its interaction with an object is the same as that of visible light. Compared with a thermal imaging camera which can detect warm objects only in a cold background, an image formed by reflected light of short-wave infrared has shadow and contrast, and the resolution and the details of the image can be compared favorably with those of visible light.
Short wave infrared imaging technology is widely applied in the fields of low-light night vision, accurate guidance, space remote sensing, near infrared spectrum analysis, industrial control, biomedical and aerospace aviation and the like in the aspects of science, military, civil use and the like; the system is used for visible-short wave infrared night vision, short wave infrared active lighting source detection, camouflage identification, laser guidance, laser radar and the like in military; the method is successfully used for deep space exploration in the field of space exploration; the method is used for detecting the mineral resources of the earth in the aspect of remote sensing, monitoring the water content and atmospheric composition change of soil and vegetation, estimating the yield of crops, preventing disasters and reducing disasters and the like; the method can be used for various short-wave infrared spectrometers, short-wave infrared flaw detection, short-wave infrared content determination, on-line automatic detection of chips in the semiconductor device manufacturing industry and the like in the commercial aspect; and has begun to find increasing application in the biomedical field. The green plant has strong capability of reflecting near infrared and short wave infrared, but the artificial green coating is weak, so the artificial green coating can be used for identifying military camouflage painting. The application of the technology to a battlefield can greatly improve the reconnaissance capability and the monitoring capability.
In addition, the short-wave infrared imager can detect short-wave infrared laser light with corresponding wave bands, in particular 1.06 mu m laser light for detecting distance measurement or irradiation indication and 1.5X mu m laser light for human eye safety. Due to the high sensitivity and the large array of the short wave infrared detector, the short wave infrared imager can detect the position of the short wave infrared laser light source accurately in a large range and can be used as a sensor of a photoelectric countermeasure system.
Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop a short-wave infrared optical system, and the miniaturization of a long focal length is a design difficulty of the short-wave infrared optical system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a catadioptric short-wave infrared optical system that can achieve miniaturization and weight reduction of a long-focus short-wave infrared optical system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a refraction and reflection type miniaturized short-wave infrared imaging optical system comprises a meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens, a main reflector, a secondary reflector, an imaging lens group and a plane optical filter, wherein the meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens, the main reflector, the secondary reflector, the imaging lens group and the plane optical filter are coaxially arranged in sequence, the meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens is arranged at the forefront, the center of the main reflector is provided with a hole, the secondary reflector is arranged right opposite to the hole, the reflecting surface of the main reflector is a concave surface and faces an object space, the reflecting surface of the secondary reflector is a convex surface and faces an image space, the main reflector receives light incident from the meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens and reflects the light to the secondary reflector, the secondary reflector receives the light reflected by the main reflector and reflects the light to the imaging lens group, and the imaging lens group is arranged between the secondary reflector and the imaging surface and is used for converging reflected light of the secondary reflector and imaging the reflected light on the imaging surface after passing through the plane optical filter.
Specifically, the imaging lens group includes a first negative meniscus lens, a first double convex positive lens, a second negative meniscus lens, a double concave negative lens, a first positive meniscus lens, a third negative meniscus lens, and a second double convex positive lens; the first negative meniscus lens and the first biconvex positive lens form a first cemented lens, and the first positive meniscus lens and the third negative meniscus lens form a second cemented lens.
Furthermore, the meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens, the first meniscus-shaped negative lens and the second meniscus-shaped negative lens are all arranged in a bent manner towards the image side, and the first meniscus-shaped positive lens and the third meniscus-shaped negative lens are all arranged in a bent manner towards the object side.
Furthermore, the reflecting surface of the main reflecting mirror is a paraboloid with an opening at the center, the reflecting surface of the secondary reflecting mirror is a spherical surface, and the lens surfaces of the meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens and the imaging lens group are spherical surfaces.
Furthermore, the meniscus afocal protective lens is made of H-BAK5, the primary reflector is made of fused quartz glass, the secondary reflector is made of fused quartz glass, the first meniscus negative lens is made of H-ZF62, the first biconvex positive lens is made of H-LAK59A, the second meniscus negative lens is made of H-ZLAF76, the biconcave negative lens is made of H-K6, the first meniscus positive lens is made of H-QK3L, the third meniscus negative lens is made of H-ZLAF66, the second biconvex positive lens is made of H-LAF51, and the planar filter is made of fused quartz glass.
Furthermore, the image plane defocusing compensation of the system in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and the system defocusing compensation caused by the distance change of the observed scene are realized by adopting a mode of axially moving the second biconvex positive lens, so that clear imaging of objects with different distances under different environmental temperature conditions is ensured, and the total moving stroke is 3.0mm.
Further, the optical system needs to satisfy the following condition:
-0.3≤f 2 /f≤-0.2，-0.1≤f 3 /f≤-0.05，-0.08≤f 4 /f≤-0.04，0.03≤f 5 /f≤0.05，-0.06≤f 6 /f≤-0.04，-0.05≤f 7 /f≤-0.03，0.08≤f 8 /f≤0.1，-0.6≤f 9 /f≤-0.4，0.06≤f 10 /f≤0.08，
wherein f is the focal length of the short wave infrared imaging optical system, f 2 Is the effective focal length of the main mirror, f 3 Is the effective focal length of the secondary mirror, f 4 Is the effective focal length of the first negative meniscus lens, f 5 Is the effective focal length of the first biconvex positive lens, f 6 Is the effective focal length of the second negative meniscus lens (6), f 7 Is the effective focal length of the biconcave negative lens (7), f 8 Is the effective focal length of the first meniscus positive lens (8), f 9 Is the effective focal length of the third negative meniscus lens (9), f 10 Is the effective focal length of the second biconvex positive lens (10).
Further, an air interval between the meniscus afocal protective lens and the main reflecting mirror is 90mm, an air interval between the main reflecting mirror and the sub reflecting mirror is 77mm, an air interval between the sub reflecting mirror and the first negative meniscus lens is 62mm, an air interval between the first cemented lens I and the second negative meniscus lens is 10mm, an air interval between the second negative meniscus lens and the biconcave negative lens is 6.95mm, an air interval between the biconcave negative lens and the second cemented lens II is 6.1mm, an air interval between the second cemented lens II and the second positive biconvex lens is 5.0mm, and an air interval between the second positive biconvex lens and the plane filter is 6.0mm.
Further, the optical system realizes the following technical parameters: working wave band: 0.9-1.7 μm; f #:5.0; focal length: 500mm; visual field: 1.10 ° × 0.88 °; wherein, the calculation formula of F # is F/D, F is the focal length of the optical system, and D is the diameter of the entrance pupil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting a catadioptric optical structure form, through the bending direction of each meniscus lens, the arrangement of the cemented lens and the optimized configuration of the focal power and the surface curvature of each lens, the number of the lenses is effectively reduced, the structure of an optical system is simplified, and the miniaturization and the light weight of a long-focus optical system are realized.
2. The secondary reflector adopts a spherical mirror, and the problem that a corresponding high-precision standard lens needs to be matched in the processing and inspection process of the secondary reflector due to the fact that the secondary reflector is a quadric surface in a traditional catadioptric system is solved. Therefore, the processing and detection difficulty of the secondary reflector is reduced, and the processing cost of the reflector is greatly reduced.
3. The optical system adopts spherical surfaces except for the main reflecting mirror, thereby effectively reducing the error sensitivity of the system and improving the assembly efficiency while ensuring the imaging quality of the system, and further reducing the production cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a light path diagram of a short wave infrared imaging optical system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a transfer function of a short wave infrared imaging optical system;
fig. 3 is a dot-sequence diagram of a short-wave infrared imaging optical system.
Wherein, 1 is a meniscus afocal protective lens, 2 is a main reflector, 3 is a secondary reflector, 4 is a first meniscus negative lens, 5 is a first biconvex positive lens, 6 is a second meniscus negative lens, 7 is a biconcave negative lens, 8 is a first meniscus positive lens, 9 is a third meniscus negative lens, 10 is a second biconvex positive lens, 11 is a filter, and 12 is an imaging surface.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Disclosure of the inventionit is intended to protect all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention, and in the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., it is merely corresponding to the drawings of the present application, and it is convenient to describe the present invention, and it is not intended to indicate or imply that the designated device or element must have a specific orientation.
As a general knowledge, the direction of approaching the object space is the object side, the direction of approaching the image space is the image side, and the two surfaces of the lens are the incident surface and the exit surface in this order from the object side to the image side.
The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and refer to the order in which the types of lenses appear, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, a catadioptric miniaturized short-wave infrared imaging optical system includes a meniscus afocal protective lens 1, a secondary reflector 3, a first meniscus negative lens 4, a first biconvex positive lens 5, a primary reflector 2, a second meniscus negative lens 6, a biconcave negative lens 7, a first meniscus positive lens 8, a third meniscus negative lens 9, a second biconvex positive lens 10, and a planar filter 11, which are coaxially disposed in sequence from an object side to an image side.
Further, the reflecting surface of the primary reflector 2 is a paraboloid with a hole at the center, and the reflecting surface of the secondary reflector 3 is a spherical surface.
Further, the meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens 1, the first meniscus-shaped negative lens 4, and the second meniscus-shaped negative lens 6 are all curved toward the image side, and the first meniscus-shaped positive lens 8 and the third meniscus-shaped negative lens 9 are all curved toward the object side.
Preferably, the first negative meniscus lens 4 and the first double convex positive lens 5 constitute a first cemented lens I, and the first positive meniscus lens 8 and the third negative meniscus lens 9 constitute a second cemented lens II.
Preferably, the meniscus afocal protective lens 1 is made of H-BAK5, the primary reflector 2 is made of fused silica glass, the secondary reflector 3 is made of fused silica glass, the first meniscus negative lens 4 is made of H-ZF62, the first biconvex positive lens 5 is made of H-LAK59A, the second meniscus negative lens 6 is made of H-ZLAF76, the biconcave negative lens 7 is made of H-K6, the first meniscus positive lens 8 is made of H-QK3L, the third meniscus negative lens 9 is made of H-ZLAF66, the second biconvex positive lens 10 is made of H-LAF51, and the planar filter 11 is made of fused silica glass.
The image plane defocusing compensation of the system in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and the system defocusing compensation caused by the distance change of the observed scene are realized by axially moving the second biconvex positive lens 10, so that the clear imaging of objects with different distances under different environmental temperature conditions is ensured.
The specific light transmission path of the optical system is that the external scene light reaches the main reflector 2 after passing through the afocal protective lens 1, reaches the secondary reflector 3 after being reflected by the main reflector 2, reaches the first cemented lens I after being reflected by the secondary reflector 3, reaches the second negative meniscus lens 6 after being converged by the first cemented lens I, reaches the biconcave negative lens 7 after being diverged by the second negative meniscus lens 6, reaches the second cemented lens II after being diverged by the biconcave negative lens 7, reaches the second biconvex positive lens 10 after being converged by the second cemented lens II, passes through the plane filter 11 after being converged by the second biconvex positive lens 10, and is imaged on the imaging surface 12.
The main mirror 2 satisfies the following conditions: -0.3. Ltoreq. F 2 F is less than or equal to-0.2, wherein f is short wave infrared imaging opticsFocal length of the system, f 2 Is the effective focal length of the primary mirror 2;
the secondary reflector 3 satisfies the following conditions: -0.1. Ltoreq. F 3 F is less than or equal to-0.05, wherein f is the focal length of the short-wave infrared imaging optical system, f 3 Is the effective focal length of the secondary mirror 3;
the first meniscus negative lens 4 satisfies the following conditions: -0.08. Ltoreq. F 4 The/f is less than or equal to-0.04, wherein f is the focal length of the short-wave infrared imaging optical system, and f 4 Is the effective focal length of the first negative meniscus lens 4;
the first biconvex positive lens 5 satisfies the following condition: f is not less than 0.03 5 F is less than or equal to 0.05, wherein f is the focal length of the short-wave infrared imaging optical system, f 5 Is the effective focal length of the first biconvex positive lens 5;
the second negative meniscus lens 6 satisfies the following condition: -0.06 ≦ f 6 The/f is less than or equal to-0.04, wherein f is the focal length of the short-wave infrared imaging optical system, and f 6 Is the effective focal length of the second negative meniscus lens 6;
the double concave negative lens (7) meets the following conditions: -0.05. Ltoreq. F 7 F is less than or equal to-0.03, wherein f is the focal length of the short-wave infrared imaging optical system, f 7 Is the effective focal length of the double concave negative lens (7);
the first meniscus positive lens 8 satisfies the following conditions: f is not less than 0.08 8 F is less than or equal to 0.1, wherein f is the focal length of the short-wave infrared imaging optical system, f 8 Is the effective focal length of the first positive meniscus lens 8;
the third negative meniscus lens 9 satisfies the following conditions: -0.6. Ltoreq. F 9 F is less than or equal to-0.4, wherein f is the focal length of the short-wave infrared imaging optical system, f 9 Is the effective focal length of the third negative meniscus lens 9;
the second biconvex positive lens 10 satisfies the following condition: f is not less than 0.06 10 F is less than or equal to 0.08, wherein f is the focal length of the short-wave infrared imaging optical system, f 10 Is the effective focal length of the second biconvex positive lens 10.
Further, the optical system realizes the following technical parameters: the working wave band is as follows: 0.9-1.7 μm; f # ：5.0(ii) a Focal length: 500mm; visual field: 1.10 ° × 0.88 °; wherein, F # The calculation formula is f/D, wherein f is the focal length of the optical system, and D is the diameter of the entrance pupil.
Furthermore, the aperture of the primary reflector is 100mm, and the aperture of the secondary reflector is 28mm.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, an air space between the meniscus afocal protective lens 1 and the main mirror 2 is 90mm, an air space between the main mirror 2 and the secondary mirror 3 is 77mm, an air space between the secondary mirror 3 and the first negative meniscus lens 4 is 62mm, an air space between the first cemented lens I and the second negative meniscus lens 6 is 10mm, an air space between the second negative meniscus lens 6 and the biconcave negative lens 7 is 6.95mm, an air space between the biconcave negative lens 7 and the second cemented lens II is 6.1mm, an air space between the second cemented lens II and the second biconvex positive lens 10 is 5.0mm, and an air space between the second biconvex positive lens 10 and the planar filter 11 is 6.0mm.
The technical indexes realized by the invention are as follows:
adapting the detector: a short wave infrared detector with the resolution of 640 multiplied by 512 and the pixel size of 15 mu m;
the working wave band is as follows: 0.9-1.7 μm;
F # ：5.0；
focal length: 500mm;
visual field: 1.10 ° × 0.88 °.
Table 1 lists detailed data for embodiments of optical systems according to the present invention including face type, radius of curvature, thickness, aperture, material for each lens. The unit of curvature radius and thickness of the lens is mm. Wherein, the radius in table 1 represents the curvature radius of the surface, and the positive and negative judgment principle is: the intersection point of the surface and the main optical axis is used as a starting point, and the center of the curved surface of the surface is used as an end point. If the connecting direction is the same as the light propagation direction, the connecting direction is positive, otherwise, the connecting direction is negative. If the surface is a plane, the curvature radius of the surface is infinite; the "thickness" in table 1 gives the distance between the two adjacent surfaces on the optical axis, and the positive and negative judgment principles are as follows: the previous vertex is used as a starting point, and the next vertex is used as an end point. If the connecting direction is the same as the light propagation direction, the connecting direction is positive, otherwise, the connecting direction is negative. This thickness represents the lens thickness if the material between the two faces is infrared, and the air space between the two lenses if there is no material between the two faces.
Table 1: lens parameters
As can be seen from FIG. 2, when the spatial frequency corresponding to the short wave infrared detector is 33lp/mm, the lowest value of the system transfer function is greater than 0.5, and the imaging quality is excellent.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the diameter of the diffuse spot of the optical system is smaller than the diameter of the detector pixel, so that the use requirement is met.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The refraction and reflection type miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system is characterized by comprising a meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens (1), a main reflector (2), a secondary reflector (3), an imaging lens group and a planar optical filter (11), wherein the meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens (1), the main reflector (2), the secondary reflector (3), the imaging lens group and the planar optical filter (11) are coaxially arranged in sequence, the meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens (1) is arranged at the forefront, the center of the main reflector is provided with a hole, the secondary reflector is opposite to the hole and coaxially arranged, the reflecting surface of the main reflector (2) is a concave surface and faces an object space, the reflecting surface of the secondary reflector (3) is a convex surface and faces an image space, the main reflector (2) receives light incident from the meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens (1) and reflects the light to the secondary reflector (3), the secondary reflector (3) receives the light reflected by the main reflector (2) and reflects the light to the imaging lens group, and the imaging lens group is positioned between the secondary reflector (3) and the imaging lens group (12) and is used for converging the reflected light of the secondary reflector (3) on the imaging lens group into an image on the image plane (12) after passing through the planar optical filter (11).
2. The catadioptric miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system of claim 1, wherein the imaging lens group is composed of a first negative meniscus lens (4), a first double convex positive lens (5), a second negative meniscus lens (6), a double concave negative lens (7), a first positive meniscus lens (8), a third negative meniscus lens (9), and a second double convex positive lens (10); the first negative meniscus lens (4) and the first biconvex positive lens (5) form a first cemented lens I, and the first positive meniscus lens (8) and the third negative meniscus lens (9) form a second cemented lens II.
3. The catadioptric miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system of claim 2, wherein the meniscus afocal protective lens () 1, the first negative meniscus lens (4), the second negative meniscus lens (6) are all curved toward the image side, and the first positive meniscus lens (8), the third negative meniscus lens (9) are all curved toward the object side.
4. A catadioptric miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system according to claim 3, characterized in that the reflecting surface of the primary mirror (2) is a paraboloid, the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror (3) is a sphere, and the lens surfaces of the meniscus afocal protective lens (1) and the imaging lens group are spheres.
5. The refraction-reflection type miniaturized short-wave infrared imaging optical system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the meniscus-shaped afocal protective lens (1) is made of H-BAK5, the main reflector (2) is made of fused silica glass, the secondary reflector (3) is made of fused silica glass, the first negative meniscus lens (4) is made of H-ZF62, the first positive biconvex lens (5) is made of H-LAK59A, the second negative meniscus lens (6) is made of H-ZLAF76, the negative biconcave lens (7) is made of H-K6, the first positive meniscus lens (8) is made of H-QK3L, the third negative meniscus lens (9) is made of H-ZLAF66, the second negative meniscus lens (10) is made of H-LAF51, and the planar quartz filter (11) is made of fused silica glass.
6. The refraction-reflection type miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the image plane defocusing compensation of the system in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and the system defocusing compensation caused by the distance change of the observed object are realized by axially moving the second biconvex positive lens (10), so as to ensure that objects with different distances are clearly imaged under different environmental temperature conditions, and the total moving stroke is 3.0mm.
7. The catadioptric miniaturized shortwave infrared imaging optical system of claim 2, wherein the optical system satisfies the following conditions:
-0.3≤f 2 /f≤-0.2，-0.1≤f 3 /f≤-0.05，-0.08≤f 4 /f≤-0.04，0.03≤f 5 /f≤0.05，-0.06≤f 6 /f≤-0.04，-0.05≤f 7 /f≤-0.03，0.08≤f 8 /f≤0.1，-0.6≤f 9 /f≤-0.4，0.06≤f 10 /f≤0.08，
whereinfIs the focal length of the short-wave infrared imaging optical system,f 2 is the effective focal length of the main reflector (2),f 3 is the effective focal length of the secondary reflector (3),f 4 is the effective focal length of the first negative meniscus lens (4),f 5 is the effective focal length of the first biconvex positive lens (5),f 6 is the effective focal length of the second negative meniscus lens (6),f 7 is the effective focal length of the double concave negative lens (7),f 8 is the effective focal length of the first meniscus positive lens (8),f 9 is the effective focal length of the third negative meniscus lens (9),f 10 is the effective focal length of the second biconvex positive lens (10).
8. A catadioptric miniaturized short-wave infrared imaging optical system according to claim 2, characterized in that the air space between the meniscus afocal protective lens (1) and the primary mirror (2) is 90mm, the air space between the primary mirror (2) and the secondary mirror (3) is 77mm, the air space between the secondary mirror (3) and the first negative meniscus lens (4) is 62mm, the air space between the first cemented lens I and the second negative meniscus lens (6) is 10mm, the air space between the second negative meniscus lens (6) and the double concave lens (7) is 6.95mm, the air space between the double concave negative lens (7) and the second cemented lens II is 6.1mm, the air space between the second cemented lens II and the second double convex positive lens (10) is 5.0mm, and the air space between the second double convex positive lens (10) and the planar filter (11) is 6.0mm.
9. The catadioptric miniaturized short wave infrared imaging optical system of claim 2, wherein the optical system implements technical parameters of: working wave band: 0.9-1.7 μm; f #:5.0; focal length: 500mm; field of view: 1.10 ° × 0.88 °; wherein, the F # calculation formula isf/D，fD is the entrance pupil diameter, which is the focal length of the optical system.
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