CN115182170A - 一种热敏变色纤维及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及纤维技术领域,具体涉及一种热敏变色纤维及其用途;使用浸渍的方法,将热敏变色微胶囊与聚酯纤维、麻纤维、棉纤维混合,使得热敏变色微胶囊均匀混合到纤维的缝隙中,且对热敏变色微胶囊辅助以聚丙烯酸酯改性,使得热敏变色微胶囊与纤维结合紧密,改善了热敏变色微胶囊与纤维的粘结性能,制成热敏变色纤维,感受外界温度刺激发生颜色变化,进而可以传递体温或者外界温度变化信息,变色范围小,变色速度快,贴近皮肤,柔软舒适,体感好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维技术领域,具体涉及一种热敏变色纤维及其用途。
背景技术
随着生活质量的提高,越来越多的人追求服装的多样性,服装不再只是遮体保暖的功能性用品,随着科技的发展,服装与智能穿戴设备相结合,能够给人类传递某些信息或者实现某些功能。对光、电、热、压等外界环境具有一定感应和反应能力并发生颜色变化是一直以来智能服饰的发展方向之一。智能纺织品或者智能服饰一般由智能型材料和纺织品复合而成。
其中,可逆热致变色智能型材料中,无机类的热敏物质耐温、耐光照,其可逆重复寿命也较长,色彩也颇为丰富,但是无机类热敏物质含有一些重金属离子,若将其用在纺织品中,长期接触难免会对人体健康产生一定影响,因此无机类的热敏原材料在纺织品应用受到限制;有机类中席夫碱和聚合物种类多而且变色机理复杂,变色温度不能被人们自由控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种热敏变色复合面料及其制备方法,使用热敏变色微胶囊浸渍纤维构成热敏变色纤维,纤维感受外界温度刺激发生颜色变化,进而可以传递体温或者外界温度变化信息,变色范围小,变色速度快,贴近皮肤,柔软舒适,体感好。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种热敏变色纤维,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:以结晶紫内酯作为发色剂,加入作为溶剂的十二醇、十四醇、十六醇混合液,以60~120r/min的速度搅拌,边搅拌边超声,超声功率为200~400W,待完全溶解后,缓慢滴加作为显色剂的双酚A,继续搅拌和超声2~3h,得到热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液;
步骤二:取步骤一得到的热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液,加入一定量的正硅酸四乙酯以及去离子水,以400W的功率超声4~6h,后缓慢滴加5~10mL浓度为1mol/L的氨水,继续超声2~3h,正硅酸四乙酯水解成Si-OH,最终在芯材表面上交联形成Si-O-Si壁材,经过离心去除上清液,后在50℃的烘箱中烘干形成热敏变色胶囊;
步骤三:取步骤二得到的热敏变色微胶囊,缓慢加入一定量的聚丙烯酸酯,并以60~80r/min的速度搅拌,之后,加入超纯水,搅拌均匀后,形成热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液;
步骤四:将一定量的表层面料纤维加入步骤三的热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液,浸渍24h,轧辊初步脱去水分,50~60℃烘干,得到热敏变色纤维。
所述步骤一中发色剂、溶剂、显色剂的质量比为发色剂:溶剂:显色剂=2~3:100~300:20~50。
所述步骤一中作为溶剂的十二醇、十四醇、十六醇混合液质量比为十二醇:十四醇:十六醇=10~15:20~50:3~5。
所述步骤二中热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液、正硅酸四乙酯以及去离子水的质量比为热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液:正硅酸四乙酯:去离子水=2:2~3:20。
所述步骤三中热敏变色微胶囊、聚丙烯酸酯、超纯水的质量比为热敏变色微胶囊、聚丙烯酸酯、超纯水=1:2~3:10~15。
所述步骤四的表层面料纤维为聚酯纤维、麻纤维、棉纤维中一种或多种;表层面料纤维与热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液的质量比为1:1~2。
所述热敏变色纤维的变色是基于热敏变色微胶囊芯材的变色,在高于变色温度下,结晶紫内酯为内酯环式结构,为无色,在低于变色温度下,发生电子转移,结晶紫内酯的内酯环开裂形成醌式大π键有色基团,显示蓝色;
依据十二醇、十四醇、十六醇的混合液中各物质质量比的不同,变色温度范围为33~40℃。
热敏变色纤维温度低于变色温度时为蓝色,温度高于变色温度时为白色。
发色剂为除结晶紫内酯外,还可以为罗丹明B 内酰胺、热敏黑、溴甲酚紫中的一种或几种;显色剂除双酚A外,还可以为硬脂酸、磺酸、酸式磷酸酯中的一种或几种;溶剂还可以为硫醇、酸酯、磺酸酯、羧酸酯、亚硫酸酯中的一种或几种。
一种热敏变色纤维在面料中的用途,以热敏变色为表层面料纤维原料纺纱,以棉纤维为基层面料纤维原料纺纱,使用双面机织工艺进行织布,织成具有双层结构的热敏变色复合面料。
本发明的有益效果:
1、使用热敏变色微胶囊浸渍纤维构成热敏变色纤维,纤维感受外界温度刺激发生颜色变化,进而可以传递体温或者外界温度变化信息,变色范围小,变色速度快,贴近皮肤,柔软舒适,体感好;以结晶紫内酯为发色剂、双酚A为显色剂、十二醇、十四醇、十六醇的混合液为溶剂共同制成微胶囊芯材,包覆芯材制备热敏变色胶囊后与纤维浸渍后形成热敏变色纤维,通过调节十二醇、十四醇、十六醇的比例,改变溶剂的熔点,使其在33~40℃变化,热敏变色复合面料变色温度从33~40℃可调,通过颜色的改变显示温度的变化,及时提醒人注意防暑降温等信息。
2、以电子授受类热敏变色材料为热敏变色胶囊芯材,当温度发生改变时,发色剂给出电子,显色剂接受电子,电子发生转移,这时就能够吸收或辐射一定波长的光,物质的颜色发生改变,此过程中电子的转移随温度的变化呈可逆变化,物质颜色的改变也是可逆的;发色剂,即电子供体决定颜色,显色剂,即电子受体决定变色的深浅,溶剂决定变色温度,可以通过调节溶剂的种类和熔点对变色温度进行调节;在高于变色温度下,结晶紫内酯为内酯环式结构,为无色,在低于变色温度下,发生电子转移,结晶紫内酯的内酯环开裂形成醌式大π键有色基团,显示蓝色;此外,还可以通过改变发色剂的种类,改变需要变色的颜色,使得制成的纤维可以在不同的温度范围和不同的颜色下改变,增加了变色纤维的趣味性和智能性。
3、热敏变色微胶囊,以正硅酸四乙酯为壁材的原料,加入去离子和氨水,在超声的作用下,发生水解,水解成Si-OH,最终在芯材表面上交联形成Si-O-Si壁材,壁材耐磨性能较好,有利于热敏变色微胶囊的长期使用,此外,壁材主要为二氧化硅,传热性能好,颜色透明,对外界温度刺激感受灵敏,由温度变化而发生的颜色变化显示明显。
4、以微胶囊的形式包覆热敏变色材料,且所用热敏变色材料中不含重金属,在面料中长期使用,不会对人身体产生影响;与席夫碱和聚合物等热敏变色材料相比,变色机理明确,温度易于控制,且使用微胶囊包覆的形式,作为芯材的热敏变色材料不会直接接触外界,避免了热敏变色材料对纤维的污染,且长时间使用,热敏变色微胶囊损耗较少。
5、使用浸渍的方法,将热敏变色微胶囊与聚酯纤维、麻纤维、棉纤维混合,使得热敏变色微胶囊均匀混合到纤维的缝隙中,且对热敏变色微胶囊辅助以聚丙烯酸酯改性,使得热敏变色微胶囊与纤维结合紧密,改善了热敏变色微胶囊与纤维的粘结性能,制成热敏变色纤维;使用热敏变色纤维与棉纤维双面机织进一步织成热敏变色复合面料,能够灵活的使用不同织布方法进行织布,兼顾面料的透气性和舒适性能。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种热敏变色纤维,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:以结晶紫内酯作为发色剂,加入作为溶剂的十二醇、十四醇、十六醇混合液,以60r/min的速度搅拌,边搅拌边超声,超声功率为200W,待完全溶解后,缓慢滴加作为显色剂的双酚A,继续搅拌和超声2h,得到热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液;
步骤二:取步骤一得到的热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液,加入一定量的正硅酸四乙酯以及去离子水,以400W的功率超声4h,后缓慢滴加5mL浓度为1mol/L的氨水,继续超声2h,正硅酸四乙酯水解成Si-OH,最终在芯材表面上交联形成Si-O-Si壁材,经过离心去除上清液,后在50℃的烘箱中烘干形成热敏变色胶囊;
步骤三:取步骤二得到的热敏变色微胶囊,缓慢加入一定量的聚丙烯酸酯,并以60r/min的速度搅拌,之后,加入超纯水,搅拌均匀后,形成热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液;
步骤四:将一定量的表层面料纤维加入步骤三的热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液,浸渍24h,轧辊初步脱去水分,50℃烘干,得到热敏变色纤维。
实施例2
一种热敏变色纤维,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:以结晶紫内酯作为发色剂,加入作为溶剂的十二醇、十四醇、十六醇混合液,以120r/min的速度搅拌,边搅拌边超声,超声功率为400W,待完全溶解后,缓慢滴加作为显色剂的双酚A,继续搅拌和超声3h,得到热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液;
步骤二:取步骤一得到的热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液,加入一定量的正硅酸四乙酯以及去离子水,以400W的功率超声6h,后缓慢滴加10mL浓度为1mol/L的氨水,继续超声3h,正硅酸四乙酯水解成Si-OH,最终在芯材表面上交联形成Si-O-Si壁材,经过离心去除上清液,后在50℃的烘箱中烘干形成热敏变色胶囊;
步骤三:取步骤二得到的热敏变色微胶囊,缓慢加入一定量的聚丙烯酸酯,并以80r/min的速度搅拌,之后,加入超纯水,搅拌均匀后,形成热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液;
步骤四:将一定量的表层面料纤维加入步骤三的热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液,浸渍24h,轧辊初步脱去水分,60℃烘干,得到热敏变色纤维。
实施例3
一种热敏变色纤维,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:以结晶紫内酯作为发色剂,加入作为溶剂的十二醇、十四醇、十六醇混合液,以80r/min的速度搅拌,边搅拌边超声,超声功率为300W,待完全溶解后,缓慢滴加作为显色剂的双酚A,继续搅拌和超声3h,得到热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液;
步骤二:取步骤一得到的热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液,加入一定量的正硅酸四乙酯以及去离子水,以400W的功率超声5h,后缓慢滴加7mL浓度为1mol/L的氨水,继续超声3h,正硅酸四乙酯水解成Si-OH,最终在芯材表面上交联形成Si-O-Si壁材,经过离心去除上清液,后在50℃的烘箱中烘干形成热敏变色胶囊;
步骤三:取步骤二得到的热敏变色微胶囊,缓慢加入一定量的聚丙烯酸酯,并以70r/min的速度搅拌,之后,加入超纯水,搅拌均匀后,形成热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液;
步骤四:将一定量的表层面料纤维加入步骤三的热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液,浸渍24h,轧辊初步脱去水分,55℃烘干,得到热敏变色纤维;
十二醇占比 | 十四醇占比 | 十六醇占比 | 变色温度(℃) | |
实施例1 | 80 | 15 | 5 | 33 |
实施例2 | 15 | 5 | 80 | 40 |
实施例3 | 15 | 80 | 5 | 36.5 |
由上表所示,本发明方法所制备的热敏变色纤维,具有灵活的变色温度,且通过调节,适合制备不同变色温度和变色颜色的热敏变色纤维。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (9)
1.一种热敏变色纤维,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:以结晶紫内酯作为发色剂,加入作为溶剂的十二醇、十四醇、十六醇混合液,以60~120r/min的速度搅拌,边搅拌边超声,超声功率为200~400W,待完全溶解后,缓慢滴加作为显色剂的双酚A,继续搅拌和超声2~3h,得到热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液;
步骤二:取步骤一得到的热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液,加入一定量的正硅酸四乙酯以及去离子水,以400W的功率超声4~6h,后缓慢滴加5~10mL浓度为1mol/L的氨水,继续超声2~3h,正硅酸四乙酯水解成Si-OH,最终在芯材表面上交联形成Si-O-Si壁材,经过离心去除上清液,后在50℃的烘箱中烘干形成热敏变色胶囊;
步骤三:取步骤二得到的热敏变色微胶囊,缓慢加入一定量的聚丙烯酸酯,并以60~80r/min的速度搅拌,之后,加入超纯水,搅拌均匀后,形成热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液;
步骤四:将一定量的表层面料纤维加入步骤三的热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液,浸渍24h,轧辊初步脱去水分,50~60℃烘干,得到热敏变色纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种热敏变色纤维,其特征在于:所述步骤一中发色剂、溶剂、显色剂的质量比为发色剂:溶剂:显色剂=2~3:100~300:20~50。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种热敏变色纤维,其特征在于:所述步骤一中作为溶剂的十二醇、十四醇、十六醇混合液质量比为十二醇:十四醇:十六醇=10~15:20~50:3~5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种热敏变色纤维,其特征在于:所述步骤二中热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液、正硅酸四乙酯以及去离子水的质量比为热敏变色胶囊芯材混合液:正硅酸四乙酯:去离子水=2:2~3:20。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种热敏变色纤维,其特征在于:所述步骤三中热敏变色微胶囊、聚丙烯酸酯、超纯水的质量比为热敏变色微胶囊、聚丙烯酸酯、超纯水=1:2~3:10~15。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种热敏变色纤维,其特征在于:所述步骤四的表层面料纤维为聚酯纤维、麻纤维、棉纤维中一种或多种;表层面料纤维与热敏变色微胶囊悬浊液的质量比为1:1~2。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种热敏变色纤维,其特征在于:依据十二醇、十四醇、十六醇的混合液中各物质质量比的不同,变色温度范围为33~40℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种热敏变色纤维在面料中的用途,其特征在于:以热敏变色为表层面料纤维原料纺纱,以棉纤维为基层面料纤维原料纺纱,使用双面机织工艺进行织布,织成具有双层结构的热敏变色复合面料。
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