CN115166638A - Wide-area lightning positioning system and method based on distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing - Google Patents
Wide-area lightning positioning system and method based on distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A wide area lightning location system based on distributed fiber acoustic sensing, comprising: the system comprises a station-side communication cabinet, distributed sound wave sensing equipment and an electric power optical cable; the station end communication cabinets are in a plurality and are respectively connected with two ends of the power optical cable; the distributed acoustic wave sensing equipment is connected with the station end communication cabinet; the power optical cable comprises an optical fiber and a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array, wherein the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array is composed of a plurality of differential sensing units in the optical fiber. The invention provides a scheme of using an existing power optical cable in an overhead power transmission line channel or an underground cable channel as a carrier of a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array; the existing station end communication equipment of the transformer substation is used as a sensing optical signal coupling contact and a positioning result to be output to a data contact of the lightning protection relay protection system, so that high-precision, clock synchronization and passive lightning sound wave source positioning of a sensing unit are realized by using an optical fiber sensing method, and the rapid application of the positioning result in the lightning protection of a power grid is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning detection and active lightning protection of an electric power system, and particularly relates to a wide-area lightning positioning system and method based on distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing.
Background
Lightning disasters seriously threaten the safe and stable operation of a power grid, line tripping and equipment damage events caused by accumulated faults occur occasionally every year, and the social and economic losses caused by direct loss and power loss of the power grid caused by the lightning disasters are huge. Therefore, if the thunderstorm activity can be accurately sensed and positioned before the lightning stroke fault and acts on the lightning protection of the power system, the probability of the lightning stroke fault of the power grid and the loss after the fault is accumulated can be greatly reduced.
In an electric power system, a fault analysis method and a traveling wave method are often adopted to identify and analyze the lightning stroke position, but the identification accuracy is easily influenced by the actual parameters of the line and the traveling wave speed. With the development of smart power grids, optical cable units are added to overhead transmission lines and underground cables of power systems, and monitoring of physical quantities such as temperature and deformation of the transmission lines by using optical fibers in optical fiber composite ground wires (OPGWs) is developed. CN 110018399A provides a lightning stroke fault positioning method based on the polarization state of an optical signal in an OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire), and the change of the polarization state of the optical signal is monitored by utilizing the magneto-optical effect of lightning current on an optical fiber so as to identify a lightning stroke fault point. However, this kind of method is limited to identifying and detecting the fault point of the transmission line after suffering from lightning strike, and is difficult to identify the lightning which is far away from the line and has not formed large lightning current or overvoltage on the transmission line or underground cable.
The traditional lightning positioning and lightning early warning system monitors lightning by relying on a special monitoring station, an electromagnetic sensing antenna and an electric field detection device based on a lightning ground-lightning monitoring method, but the electromagnetic orientation method has azimuth angle multivalue, is easily influenced by electromagnetic waveforms and terrain, needs to additionally carry out large-area multi-station networking, and needs to solve the problems of power supply and maintenance of the monitoring device and the like. In addition, learners distinguish lightning positions by utilizing a microphone array and a time difference method based on sound signals generated by lightning, but the traditional microphone array has the problems of low sound wave identification resolution, poor anti-electromagnetic interference performance, difficulty in large-scale net distribution, poor stability in field application and the like. In conclusion, the lightning positioning system of the type has the problems that the positioning accuracy is difficult to meet the requirement of active lightning protection, the monitoring range is limited, the sensing elements need to be reliably powered, the communication transmission/matching among the sensing array units and the matching with the relay protection of the power grid are difficult and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a wide-area lightning positioning system and method based on distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A wide area lightning location system based on distributed fiber acoustic sensing, comprising: the system comprises a station-side communication cabinet, distributed sound wave sensing equipment and an electric power optical cable;
the station end communication cabinets are in a plurality and are respectively connected with two ends of the power optical cable;
the distributed acoustic wave sensing equipment is connected with the station end communication cabinet;
the power optical cable comprises an optical fiber and a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array, wherein the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array is composed of a plurality of differential sensing units in the optical fiber, and the number of the power optical cables is multiple.
Further, the distributed acoustic wave sensing apparatus includes: the device comprises a laser emission unit, a filtering unit, a circulator, a sensing optical fiber, a communication unit, a data processing unit and a light detector;
the laser emission unit is connected with the sensing optical fiber through the filtering unit and the circulator in sequence; the sensing optical fiber is connected with the station end communication cabinet;
the optical detector is connected with the annular device and is connected with the data processing unit, the data processing unit is connected with the communication unit, and the communication unit is connected with the station end communication cabinet.
Furthermore, the power optical cable is an OPGW optical fiber composite ground wire, an ADDS optical cable, an OPPC optical cable or an optical fiber composite cable.
A wide-area lightning positioning method based on distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing is used for solving the actual three-dimensional coordinates of a lightning sound wave source and comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining reflected light phase change delta phi of the ith differential sensing unit at t moment caused by sound wave action i (t); wherein i =1,2., N is the number of differential sensing units; the reflected light is detection light modulated by an acoustic signal, the acoustic signal is emitted by a thunder and lightning acoustic wave source, and the detection light is emitted by distributed acoustic wave sensing equipment and is injected into the power optical cable through the station-end communication cabinet;
step S2, for the phase change delta phi of the reflected light i (t) filtering the noise to compute a localization eigenvalue matrix, comprising: a positioning characteristic value matrix of the single line sensing array and a positioning characteristic value matrix of the double parallel line sensing array;
s3, calculating the spherical coordinate position of the thunder and lightning sound source relative to the differential sensing unit according to the positioning characteristic value matrix;
s4, calculating the actual three-dimensional coordinate of the lightning stroke sound wave source according to the spherical coordinate position of the lightning stroke sound wave source relative to the differential sensing unit and the position information of the distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing array; the position information of the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array comprises the coordinate position of each differential sensing unit.
Further, step S1 specifically includes:
xi is a comprehensive response coefficient related to the Hooke law and the elasto-optic effect; omega and k are the angular frequency and wave number of the sound wave; gamma is the angle of the sound source relative to the axial propagation of the fiber, t is the time stamp, and Δ a i Is the length of the ith differential sensing cell, a i，0 Representing the axial coordinate of the optical fiber at the left end of the ith differential sensing unit, a i，1 And the axial coordinate of the optical fiber at the right end of the ith differential sensing unit is shown.
Further, the calculation process of the positioning eigenvalue matrix of the single-line sensor array in step S2 specifically includes:
according to delta phi i (t) establishing a signal matrix of N differential sensing units at t time as follows:
Φ(t)＝[Δφ 0 (t) Δφ 1 (t) Δφ 2 (t)...Δφ N (t)] T ＝A(Θ)S(t)+N(t)
s (t) and N (t) are respectively a measured real sound signal and a measured noise signal; a (theta) is a positioning characteristic value matrix of the single line sensing array.
Further, step S3 specifically includes:
step S31, extracting a characteristic angle theta of the mth thunder and lightning sound wave source distance relative to the ith differential sensing unit according to the positioning characteristic value matrix A (theta) of the single line sensing array Ai_m ；
Step S32, according to the characteristic angle theta Ai_m Calculating the linear distance between the mth lightning sound source and the two adjacent differential sensing units;
step S33, according to the positioning characteristic value matrix A' (theta) of the double parallel line sensing array, alpha is calculated Ai_m And beta Ai_m (ii) a Wherein alpha is Ai_m Is azimuth angle, beta, of the mth lightning sound wave source relative to the ith differential sensing unit Ai_m Is the polar angle of the mth lightning sound source relative to the ith differential sensing unit.
Further, step S31 specifically includes:
A(Θ)＝[a(Θ 1 )，a(Θ 2 )，...，a(Θ m )，...，a(Θ M )]
Θ Ai_m ＝sin(θ Ai_m )
where v is the speed of sound in air and d i Is the array cell spacing, Θ Ai_m Is a characteristic angle function of the mth acoustic wave source relative to the ith differential sensing unit.
Further, step S32 specifically includes:
D Ai_m ＝d i /(tanθ Ai_m -tanθ Ai+1_m )
R Ai_m ＝D Ai_m /cosθ Ai_m
wherein d is i Is the array cell spacing, Θ Ai_m Is a characteristic angle function of the mth sound wave source relative to the ith differential sensing unit Ai+1_m Is a characteristic angle function of the mth sound wave source relative to the (i + 1) th differential sensing unit.
Further, step S33 obtains α by solving the following equation Ai_m And beta Ai_m ：
A′(Θ)＝[a′(Θ 1 )，a′(Θ 2 )，...，a′(Θ m )，...，a′(Θ M )]
Wherein, a x (Θ m ) And a y (Θ m ) Respectively, feature vector a' (Θ) m ) X-and y-axis components of (d) i V is the velocity of sound in air for the array element pitch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention provides a scheme of using an existing power optical cable in an overhead power transmission line channel or an underground cable channel as a carrier of a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array; the existing station end communication equipment of the transformer substation is used as a sensing optical signal coupling contact and a positioning result to be output to a data contact of the lightning protection relay protection system, so that the lightning sound wave source positioning with high precision, clock synchronization and no (electric) source of a sensing unit is realized by using an optical fiber sensing method, and the rapid application of the positioning result in the lightning protection of a power grid is facilitated.
(2) The scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the construction of lightning location systems using distributed optical fiber 31 acoustic wave sensing technology based on rayleigh scattering effects and phi-OTDR.
(3) The protection range of the invention is not limited to the recognition of sound wave signals of thunder and lightning in the air, and researches show that the thunder and lightning activity can generate direct or indirect thunder and lightning earthquake activity to the ground. This allows the underground cable to also act as a sensor array carrier for thunderstorm activity.
(4) The invention takes double-loop OPGW as an example to construct a thunder and lightning sound wave source positioning model. The protection range of the invention is not limited to the lightning stroke positioning by using a space spectrum estimation method, and sound source positioning methods such as beam forming, sound arrival time difference and the like can also be used.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structure diagram of a lightning location system based on distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a distributed acoustic wave sensing apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distributed acoustic wave sensing array.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a positioning method based on spatial spectrum.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a lightning location method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing.
In the figure: 1. a station-side communication cabinet; 2. a distributed acoustic wave sensing device; 21. a laser emitting unit; 22. a filtering unit; 23. a circulator; 24. a sensing optical fiber; 25. a communication unit; 26. a data processing unit; 27. a light detector; 3. an electrical power cable; 31. an optical fiber of an electric power cable; 32. a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array; 321. A differential sensing unit; 322. array unit pitch; 4. and a thunder and lightning sound wave source.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby.
With the development of the optical fiber sensing technology, the detection range, time and spatial resolution of distributed acoustic wave sensing (DAS) are also effectively improved. Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a wide-area lightning positioning system based on distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing, which comprises: the system comprises a station-side communication cabinet 1, distributed sound wave sensing equipment 2 and an electric power optical cable 3; the number of the power optical cables 3 is plural (at least 2). Thereby forming a double-loop distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array.
The station end communication cabinets 1 are multiple in number and are respectively connected with two ends of the power optical cable 3;
the station-side communication cabinet 1 is located in a master control room of the power substation, and specific actuating mechanisms of the station-side communication cabinet can include, but are not limited to, network switches, merging units, intelligent terminals and other in-station secondary devices with an optical fiber communication function, and the station-side communication cabinet is used for providing coupling contacts of distributed optical fiber sensing optical paths and performing data communication with the distributed acoustic wave sensing devices 2.
The distributed acoustic wave sensing equipment 2 is connected with the station end communication cabinet 1;
in the transmission process of the optical fiber 31 of the power optical cable 3, reverse optical signals can be generated due to the Rayleigh scattering effect, the Raman effect and the Brillouin effect, and distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing with different sensing ranges and different time and spatial resolutions can be realized based on the technologies of C-OTDR coherent optical time domain reflection, phi-OTDR phase sensitive optical time domain reflection, TGD-OFDR time-gated optical frequency domain reflection and the like.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, taking a DAS system based on a Φ -OTDR as an example, the distributed acoustic wave sensing apparatus 2 includes: the device comprises a laser emitting unit 21, a filtering unit 22, a circulator 23, a sensing optical fiber 24, a communication unit 25, a data processing unit 26 and a light detector 27;
the laser emission unit 21 is connected with the sensing optical fiber 24 through the filtering unit 22 and the circulator 23 in sequence and is used for emitting pulse detection light to the sensing optical fiber 24; the detection light is filtered by the filtering unit 22 for spontaneous emission noise, and then enters the sensing optical fiber 24 through the circulator 23 (for example, a-b optical path of the circulator 23 in fig. 2), and finally is injected into the power optical cable 3 through the station-side communication cabinet 1; the sensing optical fiber 24 is used for connecting the station-side communication cabinet 1;
it should be noted that, different from the laser used for data communication in the optical cable, the detection light has a different wavelength from the communication light, after the detection light is emitted, the acoustic signal (emitted by the lightning acoustic wave source 4 to be detected) modulates the phase of the detection light, and after the modulation, the reflected light of the detection light carries the acoustic information.
A light detector 27 is connected to the circulator 23 for receiving reflected light modulated by the sound waves of the thunderstorm activity from the circulator 23 (e.g., the b-c optical path of the circulator 23 in fig. 2); the optical detector 27 is connected with the data processing unit 26, the data processing unit 26 is connected with the communication unit 25, and the communication unit 25 is connected with the station-side communication cabinet 1; the data processing unit 26 is used for positioning the lightning sound wave source 4, and the communication unit 25 is used for transmitting the positioning of the lightning sound wave source 4 to the station-side communication cabinet 1 to realize lightning protection.
As shown in fig. 3, the power optical cable 3 includes an optical fiber 31 and a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array 32, wherein the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array 32 is formed by a plurality of differential sensing units 321 in the optical fiber 31.
The power optical cable 33 is located in an overhead transmission line channel or an underground cable channel or a special power communication optical cable channel, and can be, but is not limited to, an OPGW optical fiber composite ground wire, an ADDS optical cable, an OPPC optical cable and an optical fiber composite cable; the optical fiber sensing optical path is used for transmitting optical signals of electric power communication and optical signals of optical fiber sensing at the same time, namely, the optical signal carrier of the electric power communication optical path and the optical signal carrier of the optical fiber sensing optical path are both used.
It should be noted that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the construction of a wide-area lightning location system using distributed fiber acoustic wave sensing technology based on rayleigh scattering effect and Φ -OTDR.
The thunder and lightning sound wave source 4 to be detected represents a sound wave source of thunder and lightning activity, is influenced by different thunderstorm activity characteristics, is not unique in occurrence position and time, but can generate sound waves in a certain form (time domain and frequency domain scale characteristics) and different from natural noise and human activity noise; the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array of the wide-area lightning positioning system deeply analyzes the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of the monitored lightning activity acoustic wave signals, so that the lightning activity characteristics and the evolution trend in the wide-area range of the power grid can be mastered, and the lightning protection capability of the power grid can be improved.
In a specific embodiment, fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a lightning positioning system using a double-loop OPGW as a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array carrier, and in actual use, the sensing system is not limited to only using a power transmission line channel between two stations for lightning acoustic wave sensing, and can also use an existing power communication network to construct a sensing network in a wide area power grid range.
Correspondingly, the invention discloses a wide-area lightning positioning method based on distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing, which is used for solving the actual three-dimensional coordinate of a lightning sound wave source and comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining reflected light phase change delta phi of the ith differential sensing unit at the moment t due to acoustic wave action i (t); wherein i =1,2., N is the number of differential sensing units; the reflected light is detection light modulated by an acoustic signal, the acoustic signal is emitted by a thunder acoustic wave source, and the detection light is emitted by distributed acoustic wave sensing equipment and is injected into the power optical cable through the station-side communication cabinet;
step S2, the phase change delta phi of the reflected light i (t) filtering the noise to calculate a positioning eigenvalue matrix of the single line sensing array;
s3, calculating the spherical coordinate position of the thunder and lightning sound source relative to the differential sensing unit according to the positioning characteristic value matrix;
s4, calculating the actual three-dimensional coordinate of the lightning stroke sound wave source according to the spherical coordinate position of the lightning stroke sound wave source relative to the differential sensing unit and the position information of the distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing array; the position information of the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array comprises the coordinates of each differential sensing unit.
Taking a spatial spectrum estimation method as an example, the method is as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, M lightning sound wave sources 4 and N differential sensing units are in the sensing range of the sensing network; then A is i 、 A i+1 The differential sensing units in the equal loop OPGW can form a single-line sensing array to calculate the vertical distance and the linear distance between the lightning stroke sound wave source and two adjacent sensing units, A i 、A′ i And the differential sensing units in the equal double-loop OPGW can form a double parallel line sensing array to calculate the azimuth angle and polar angle of the lightning stroke sound wave source and the sensing units, so that 3D positioning is realized.
It should be noted that the differences between the "same loop" and the "double loop" mentioned above are: "co-loop" refers to the same OPGW cable and "dual-loop" refers to two parallel OPGW cables running on the same pole in the transmission line.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the ith differential sensing unit a i The length of (d) is expressed as:
Δa i ＝a i，1 -a i，0
defining the array cell pitch 322 as the distance between the starting positions of two adjacent differential sensing cells 321, the length of the pitch of the ith and (i-1) th differential sensing cells (i.e. the array cell pitch 322) is expressed as:
d i ＝a i，o -a i-1，0
in general, the different differential sensing cells and cell pitch lengths are the same, and thus, d hereinafter i 、d′ i And may also be denoted as d.
The step S1 specifically includes:
xi is a comprehensive response coefficient related to the Hooke law and the elasto-optic effect; ω and k are the sum of the angular frequencies of the sound wavesWave number; γ (i.e., γ in FIG. 4) is the angle at which the source propagates axially relative to the fiber, t is the time stamp, Δ a i Is the length of the ith differential sense cell, a i，0 Representing the axial coordinate of the optical fiber at the left end of the ith differential sensing unit, a i，1 And the axial coordinate of the optical fiber at the right end of the ith differential sensing unit is shown.
The angle of each differential sensing unit is basically unchanged for the lightning sound wave source; then, the signal matrix of the N differential sensing units at time t is:
Φ(t)＝[Δφ 0 (t) Δφ 1 (t) Δφ 2 (t)...Δφ N (t)] T ＝A(Θ)S(t)+N(t)
s (t) and N (t) are respectively a measured real sound signal and a measured noise signal; and A (theta) is a positioning characteristic value matrix of the single line sensing array to be solved.
Step S3 specifically includes:
step S31, according to A (theta), extracting a characteristic angle theta of the mth thunder and lightning sound wave source distance relative to the ith differential sensing unit Ai_m ；
When there are M lightning sound wave sources at a time, for A i 、A i+1 The sensing array formed by the differential sensing units on the equal single loop is represented as follows:
A(Θ)＝[a(Θ 1 )，a(Θ 2 )，...，a(Θ m )，...，a(Θ M )]
wherein the characteristic angle function theta of the mth sound wave source relative to the ith differential sensing unit Ai_m Expressed as:
Θ Ai_m ＝sin(θ Ai_m )
where v is the speed of sound in air.
Step S32, according to the characteristic angle theta Ai_m Calculating the linear distance between the mth lightning sound source and the two adjacent differential sensing units;
calculating the distance between the m-th thunder and lightning sound wave sourcesTwo differential sensing units (i.e.: A) i 、A i+1 ) Perpendicular distance D of Ai_m And a linear distance R Ai_m ：
D Ai_m ＝d i /(tanθ Ai_m -tanθ Ai+1_m )
R Ai_m ＝D Ai_m /cosθ Ai_m
As can be appreciated, θ Ai+1_m Is a characteristic angle function of the mth sound wave source relative to the (i + 1) th differential sensing unit.
It should be noted that, the position of the lightning sound wave source is solved in a spherical coordinate manner, so that only the R of the mth lightning sound wave source relative to the ith differential sensing unit needs to be acquired Ai_m 、α Ai_m And beta Ai_m These three values are sufficient.
It will be appreciated that of the three values of the spherical coordinates, R Ai_m Denotes the distance, α Ai_m And beta Ai_m Indicating an angle.
Then only need to solve for alpha Ai_m And beta Ai_m (e.g., α, β in fig. 4) may be used.
Here, it should be noted that the number of the power cables 3 is at least 2. Thereby forming an equal double-loop distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array. Therefore, the number of differential sensing units is 2N. Namely: the differential sensing units on one OPGW line are respectively A 1 ，A 2 ，...，A i ，...，A N (ii) a The differential sensing units on the other OPGW line are respectively A' 1 ，A′ 2 ，...，A′ i ，...，A′ N 。
In step S2 above, any one OPGW (e.g., A) can be passed 1 ，A 2 ，...，A i ，...，A N ) And calculating a positioning characteristic value matrix A (theta) of the single line sensing array.
Therefore, the method can be completely the same as the step S2 by using a double parallel line sensing array (namely, only A is passed through) i And A' i Two unit calculation, wherein i is any number between 1 and N), calculating double parallel linesThe positioning eigenvalue matrix a' (Θ) of the sensing array. It will be understood that a (Θ) differs from a' (Θ) only in that: a (theta) is calculated by N differential sensing units above one OPGW, and A' (theta) is calculated by one differential sensing unit (A) in each of 2 OPGWs i And A' i ) And (4) calculating.
In a step S33, the image data is transmitted,
first, according to A' (theta), A is calculated x And A y 。
A′(Θ)＝[A x J 1 (A y )A x J 2 (A y )] T
A x 、A y The x-axis and y-axis components of A' (Θ), respectively, where A is defined as in FIG. 4 i 、A i+1 The direction of a single line array formed by the differential sensing units is a y axis, and A is defined i 、A′ i The direction of a double-line array formed by the differential sensing units is an x axis; j. the design is a square n (X) denotes a diagonal matrix constructed by the nth row of matrix X, where n =1,2.
Then, from A' (Θ), α is calculated Ai_m And beta Ai_m (ii) a Wherein alpha is Ai_m Is azimuth angle, beta, of the mth lightning sound wave source relative to the ith differential sensing unit Ai_m Is the polar angle of the mth lightning sound source relative to the ith differential sensing unit.
By combining the following 2 formulas, alpha can be obtained Ai_m And beta Ai_m ：
Wherein, a x (Θ m ) And a y (Θ m ) Respectively, feature vector a' (Θ) m ) The x-axis and y-axis components of (a) can be understood as: and as hereinbefore "for A i 、A i+1 Formed by differential sensing units on equal single loopsThe sense array is represented as: a (Θ) = [ a (Θ) 1 )，a(Θ 2 )，...，a(Θ m )，...，a(Θ M )]"correspondingly, for A i 、A′ i The sensing array formed by the differential sensing units on the equal double-circuit lines is represented as follows:
A′(Θ)＝[a′(Θ 1 )，a′(Θ 2 )，...，a′(Θ m )，...，a′(Θ M )]. Here, the
A x ＝[a x (Θ 1 )，a x (Θ 2 )，...，a x (Θ m )，...，a x (Θ M )]，
A y ＝[a y (Θ 1 )，a y (Θ 2 )，...，a y (Θ m )，...，a y (Θ M )]。
Step S4 specifically includes:
s41, converting the spherical coordinate position of the thunder and lightning sound source relative to the differential sensing unit into position information of the thunder and lightning sound source relative to the rectangular coordinate system of the differential sensing unit; i.e. R Ai_m 、α Ai_m And beta Ai_m Conversion to x i_m 、y i_m And z i_m (ii) a Wherein x is i_m 、y i_m And z i_m Respectively, the coordinate positions of the mth lightning sound wave source relative to the ith differential sensing unit.
Step S42, then according to the position information of the sensing array (corresponding to the position in x) i_m 、y i_m And z i_m And an offset is added), and finally the actual three-dimensional coordinate of the mth thunder and lightning sound source is obtained, and the thunder and lightning position is output to the thunder and lightning protection system as the final output.
The present applicant has described and illustrated embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and on the contrary, any improvement or modification made based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A wide area lightning location system based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing, comprising: the system comprises a station-side communication cabinet, distributed sound wave sensing equipment and an electric power optical cable;
the station end communication cabinets are in a plurality and are respectively connected with two ends of the power optical cable;
the distributed acoustic wave sensing equipment is connected with the station end communication cabinet; the distributed acoustic wave sensing apparatus includes: the device comprises a laser emission unit, a filtering unit, a circulator, a sensing optical fiber, a communication unit, a data processing unit and a light detector;
the laser emission unit is connected with the sensing optical fiber through the filtering unit and the circulator in sequence; the sensing optical fiber is connected with the station end communication cabinet;
the optical detector is connected with the annular device and is connected with the data processing unit, the data processing unit is connected with the communication unit, and the communication unit is connected with the station end communication cabinet;
the power optical cable comprises an optical fiber and a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array, wherein the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array is composed of a plurality of differential sensing units in the optical fiber, and the number of the power optical cables is multiple.
2. The distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing-based wide area lightning location system of claim 1, wherein the power cable is an OPGW fiber optic composite ground, an ADDS cable, an OPPC cable or a fiber optic composite cable.
3. A wide-area lightning localization method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing, which is applied to the system of any one of claims 1-2, and is used for solving the actual three-dimensional coordinates of a lightning acoustic source, and comprises the following steps:
step S1, obtaining
At the first moment
Phase change of reflected light of the differential sensing unit caused by acoustic wave action
(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
，
the number of differential sensing units; the reflected light is detection light modulated by an acoustic signal, the acoustic signal is emitted by a thunder and lightning acoustic wave source, and the detection light is emitted by distributed acoustic wave sensing equipment and is injected into the power optical cable through the station-end communication cabinet;
step S2, for the phase change of the reflected light
Filtering the noise to calculate a location eigenvalue matrix, comprising: a positioning characteristic value matrix of the single-line sensing array and a positioning characteristic value matrix of the double-parallel-line sensing array;
s3, calculating the spherical coordinate position of the thunder and lightning sound source relative to the differential sensing unit according to the positioning characteristic value matrix;
s4, calculating the actual three-dimensional coordinate of the lightning stroke sound wave source according to the spherical coordinate position of the lightning stroke sound wave source relative to the differential sensing unit and the position information of the distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing array; the position information of the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing array comprises the coordinate position of each differential sensing unit.
4. The method for wide-area lightning location based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 3, wherein the step S1 specifically comprises:
5. The wide-area lightning positioning method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calculation process of the positioning eigenvalue matrix of the single line sensing array in step S2 specifically includes:
according to
Establishing
Time of day
The signal matrix of each differential sensing unit is:
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises:
step S31, according to the positioning characteristic value matrix of the single line sensing array
Extracting to obtain
The distance of the lightning sound wave source is opposite to that of the first lightning sound wave source
Characteristic angle of differential sensing unit
；
Step S32, according to the characteristic angle
Calculating out the first
The straight-line distance between each thunder and lightning sound wave source and two adjacent differential sensing units
；
Step S33, according to the positioning characteristic value matrix of the double parallel line sensing array
Calculate out
And
(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is as follows
A lightning sound wave source opposite to the first
The azimuth angle of each of the differential sensing units,
is as follows
A lightning sound wave source opposite to the first
The polar angle of each of the differential sensing cells,
、
and
is the first
A lightning sound wave source opposite to the first
The spherical coordinate positions of the differential sensing units.
7. The wide-area lightning positioning method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing according to claim 3, wherein the step S31 specifically comprises:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the speed of sound in the air and,
in order to obtain the pitch of the array unit,
is as follows
Relative to the sound wave source
Characteristic angle function of each differential sensing unit.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein the step S32 specifically comprises:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to obtain the pitch of the array unit,
is as follows
Relative to the sound wave source
The characteristic angle function of each differential sensing cell,
is a first
Relative to the sound wave source
Characteristic angle function of each differential sensing unit.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein the step S33 is obtained by solving the following formula
And
：
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
are respectively feature vectors
The x-axis and y-axis components of (a),
in order to obtain the pitch of the array unit,
is the speed of sound in air.
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