CN102095943B - Early warning method and device of lightning - Google Patents
Early warning method and device of lightning Download PDFInfo
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- CN102095943B CN102095943B CN 201010567357 CN201010567357A CN102095943B CN 102095943 B CN102095943 B CN 102095943B CN 201010567357 CN201010567357 CN 201010567357 CN 201010567357 A CN201010567357 A CN 201010567357A CN 102095943 B CN102095943 B CN 102095943B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an early warning method and device of lightning based on the principle of a lightning interferometer, and belongs to the technical field of detection of lightning. Aiming at overcoming the deficiency of unsatisfactory early warning effect of the existing single-station early warning technology, the early warning method of lightning comprises the steps of: firstly, identifying lightning radiation signals and removing interference signals, then calculating the elevation of the lightning radiation signals through measurement of the phase difference between the lightning radiation signals and a vertical antenna array, estimating the distance of a lightning power source according to the elevation and counting the lightning frequency in real time, and finally carrying out lightning warnings of different levels according to the distance of the lightning power source and the characteristics of lightning activity. The technical scheme of the invention is that two antennas are arranged vertical to the ground up and down, thus the measurement accuracy of a low-elevation lighting power source is improved; and the elevation between the lightning radiation signals and the antenna array is measured to estimate the distance of the lightning power source, thus the deficiency in estimation of distance of the lightning activity area of the existing like products is better overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the lightening detection technical field, relate in particular to a kind of Lightning Warning method and device based on the Broadband interferometer principle.
Background technology
Lightning Disaster is one of serious disaster, can cause forest and oil depot fire, cause power supply, communication information system fault or damage, Aero-Space, mine and hi-tech that some are important and responsive equipment are caused a significant threat, also usually cause casualties.Because Lightning disservice is huge, cause disaster rapidly, and time and space that thunder and lightning occurs have very large randomness, thereby brought great difficulty to its research, forecast and control.According to conservative estimation, the thousands of people of casualties that China causes because of damage to crops caused by thunder every year, direct economic loss surpasses several hundred million units, and the indirect economic loss that causes thus and impact are difficult to estimate, so Lightning Disaster has fed through to the every aspect of all trades and professions and people's lives.Particularly in recent years, affected by the overall background of global warming, the strong convective weather frequent occurrence, local, extreme weather events odds increases greatly, therefore along with the development of national economy with society, higher, widely requirement has been proposed for lightning hazard forecasting and defence.
Thunder and lightning often results from the Convective Weather process, and when the endoatmosphere produces strong convection current, the cloud body will be charged, and this process is referred to as the electrifying process of thundercloud, when in the cloud or the electric field intensity between cloud ground will discharge after acquiring a certain degree.Electrify-discharge process is accompanied by whole thunderstorm evolution, thus form the initial stage at thundercloud, and the full-fledged stage of thundercloud, discharge process all can produce electromagnetic radiation very strong and that frequency range is very wide, and these electromagnetic radiation are also referred to as " atmospheric electricity ".When occuring, thunder and lightning can supervene the multiple effects such as sound, light, electromagnetic field, this is so that the monitoring of thunder and lightning and early warning become possibility, most lightning monitoring equipment just is based on the various effects of thunder and lightning generation and surveys lightning, realizes the early warning to lightening activity.In fact, before thunder and lightning produces, in the thundercloud electrifying process, can form the spark discharge of a lot of small scales in the cloud, can produce the electromagnetic radiation noise of frequency distribution very wide (from several kHz to GHz), utilize the generation of the early warning thunder and lightning that these electromagnetic radiation can be as early as possible.
The application of lightning monitoring early warning system (or device) is very extensive, mainly has the multistation networking and realizes the monitoring of lightening activity on a large scale and the monitoring and warning dual mode that local lightening activity is realized at single station.The principle of work of multistation networking mode is by surveying the multiple effects such as the sound supervened when thunder and lightning occurs, light, electromagnetic field, utilize the location technologies such as crossed loops, time of arrival differ from, determine the when and where that thunder and lightning occurs, thereby realize the monitoring and warning of lightening activity on a large scale.This type systematic is such as the lightning positioning system of in the sky weather satellite, ground, based on SAFIR (Surveillance et d ' Alerte Foudre par Interferometrie Radioelectrique) lightning detection system of principle of interference etc.
The detecting devices at single station equally also is the effects such as the sound that utilizes thunder and lightning to produce, light, electromagnetic field, determine whether to have the generation of thunder and lightning, and utilize several different methods estimation thunder and lightning to the distance of acquisition station, determine to have occured the time of origin of thunder and lightning and scene (orientation) etc., realize the detecting early-warning of peripheral region lightening activity centered by acquisition station.This type systematic comprises the lightening detection instrument, atmosphere average electric field instrument, thunder and lightning warning horn, lightning interferometer etc.
Lightning is interfered localization method, is to utilize lightning magnetic radiation signal to arrive phase differential between a plurality of antennas, determines the orientation of radiation source.Lightning interferometer such as single website passes through three not quadrature baselines of the formation of the short antenna on same straight line, just can determine that radiation source is with respect to position angle and the elevation angle of our station.In the narrow-band interference localization method in early days, adopt the narrow band electromagnetic radiation signal that receives a certain particular frequency range to realize, along with the breakthrough on the high-speed high capacity digitized record equipment and technology, sample frequency and writing time length allowed the lightning magnetic radiation is carried out time domain measurement in the wider frequency section, Shao X.M. in 1996 have proposed the model of Broadband interferometer first, and Ushio has developed the lightning Broadband interferometer system that is used for two-dimensional localization on this basis separately in 2000 in, Dong Wansheng in 1997 afterwards.
Lightning Broadband interferometer system is with the broadband electromagnetic radiation signal of very high sample frequency Direct Sampling from antenna, by these signals are carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtain the narrow band signal of a series of different frequencies, so just be equivalent to have the narrow-band interference instrument system of a plurality of different length baselines.This will be so that the selection of broadband interference system location frequency be more flexible, and it is simple compact that system architecture becomes, and can also obtain broader frequency spectrum information when the lightning electromagnetic radiation source is positioned, thereby become the important tool of lightning detection and research.
Because strong convective weather betides small mesoscale system, it is little to have a space scale, and the characteristics that life cycle is short have very strong local and sudden.Though there is at present multiple lightening detection system can monitor lightening activity, and the generation that the electromagnetic field that these lightening detection systems produce when all utilizing thunder and lightning to occur or optical phenomenon come the Detection location thunder and lightning is such as weather satellite, lightning positioning system, SAFIR lightning detection system etc.These lightning monitoring systems are suitable for the monitoring of region lightening activity on a large scale, and then there is certain limitation in the lightening activity monitoring and warning in a certain some areas, so be difficult to accomplish that some areas thunder and lightning occurs giving warning in advance or forecasting.
Multiple device for local Lightning Warning is also arranged at present, such as the lightening detection instrument at single station, atmosphere average electric field instrument (although there are at present a lot of device titles different, but all based on this principle), utilize the thunder and lightning warning horn of principle of corona discharge and based on the Simple thunderstorm predicting devices of two-band Lightning electromagnetic radiation principle, or utilize product that is combined to form of these devices etc., can say item, of a great variety.But as the device of local Lightning Warning, the said equipment all has limitation separately.Lightening detection instrument such as single station, this is classical lightening detection equipment, and the orientation that the lightning that utilizes the crossed loops technology to determine occurs belongs to the equipment that just can detect thunder and lightning after thunder and lightning occurs, this equipment is mainly used in the multistation group network system, realizes the monitoring of lightening activity on a large scale.Although it can determine the orientation that lightning occurs, but single station system can't effectively determine the distance that lightning occurs, although people adopt several different methods to attempt to solve the problem of single observer ranging, as utilize power, sky wave and earthwave time of arrival phase differential, electromagnetism (light) signal and the sound (thunder) poor, Electric and magnetic fields of signal to differ from etc. time of arrival, but effect is all undesirable; Atmosphere average electric field instrument (comprising the equipment that utilizes the corona current principle) is although can just monitor electrical activity in the cloud before thunder and lightning occurs, but be subjected to the larger limitation of surrounding environment influence, and monitoring range little (about 10km), when detecting thunder and lightning nearby, forewarning function is limited; Although the Simple thunderstorm predicting devices detection range based on two-band Lightning electromagnetic radiation principle is far away, can be early early warning lightning, and can reject preferably undesired signal, solve the problem of estimation thunder and lightning distance; Lightning Broadband interferometer system can survey lightning faint discharge activities in the front cloud occurs, the generation of early warning thunder and lightning early, also can utilize its wide band feature, very effectively identify, get rid of the undesired signal of non-radiation of lightening discharge signal, but this difficult problem of range estimation when still well not solving the work of single station.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that (one) will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: how to overcome in the early warning technology of existing single station the reasons such as or monitoring range less and non-radiation of lightening discharge signal interference large owing to the range estimation error and cause the undesirable shortcoming of early warning effect, realize the simple, practical and reliable graduation early warning that local regional thunder and lightning threatens.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of Lightning Warning method, the method comprises the steps:
S1: the position of differing heights arranges two identical dipole antennas on perpendicular to the support on ground, consists of vertical antenna array;
S2: undesired signal is identified and rejected to the radiation of lightening discharge signal that receives;
S3: calculate the elevation angle that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives described vertical antenna array;
S4: according to the distance in described elevation angle estimation thunder and lightning source;
S5: the distance according to described thunder and lightning source is carried out Lightning Warning.
Wherein, described step S2 specifically comprises:
The radiation of lightening discharge signal that vertical antenna array is received is done fast Fourier transform analysis, and the signal that will possess the frequency spectrum of 10,000,000 grades or 100,000,000 grades is regarded the radiation of lightening discharge signal as, and then rejects undesired signal.
Wherein, described step S3 specifically comprises:
S301: the radiation of lightening discharge signal received to vertical antenna array amplifies;
S302: the radiation of lightening discharge signal after amplifying is carried out synchronous ADC;
S303: the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and correlated digital signals processing operation, obtain the phase differential that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives two antennas;
S304: according to described phase differential and from the relation between the radiation of lightening discharge signal elevation angle in thunder and lightning source, calculate the elevation angle that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives vertical antenna array.
Wherein, described step S301 utilizes wideband low noise amplifier that the radiation of lightening discharge signal that vertical antenna array receives is amplified.
Wherein, among the described step S304, phase differential
And the pass between the radiation of lightening discharge signal angle of elevation alpha is:
Wherein, f is the frequency of radiation of lightening discharge signal, and c is the light velocity, and l is the base length between the antenna.
Wherein, described step
Among the S4, according to the thunder and lightning spacing from vertical antenna array apart from the relation between the angle of elevation alpha of d, thunder and lightning source height h and radiation of lightening discharge signal
Estimate the thunder and lightning spacing from vertical antenna array apart from d; Wherein, thunder and lightning source height h scope is 4km～10km.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of lightning warning device, and this device comprises:
Vertical antenna array be used for to receive the radiation of lightening discharge signal, comprises two identical dipole antennas, and described two antennas are installed in respectively on the position perpendicular to differing heights on the support on ground;
Signal processor, be used for the received radiation of lightening discharge signal of described vertical antenna array is carried out analyzing and processing, calculate the thunder and lightning spacing from the distance of vertical antenna array, the frequency that the real-time statistics thunder and lightning occurs, and send different Lightning Warning instructions according to the lightening activity feature;
Audible-visual annunciator is used for according to carrying out sound or/and light warning from the Lightning Warning instruction of described signal processor.
Wherein, described signal processor specifically comprises:
Amplifier module is used for the received radiation of lightening discharge signal of vertical antenna array is amplified;
Analog-to-digital conversion module is used for the radiation of lightening discharge signal after amplifying is carried out synchronous ADC;
Veneer PC module is used for the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), by spectrum sigtral response, undesired signal is identified and rejected to the radiation of lightening discharge signal; Obtain the phase differential that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives two antennas; The phase differential that arrives two antennas according to the radiation of lightening discharge signal that calculates generates the thunder and lightning spacing from the distance of vertical antenna array; The frequency that the real-time statistics thunder and lightning occurs is analyzed local lightening activity characteristics and Characteristics of Evolution; Final generation alarm command also is sent to described audible-visual annunciator unit.
Wherein, described audible-visual annunciator comprises warning lamp and loudspeaker.
Wherein, described veneer PC module specifically comprises:
The identification of thunder and lightning signal and undesired signal culling unit are used for the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out fast Fourier transform analysis, according to its spectrum signature undesired signal is identified and rejected to the radiation of lightening discharge signal;
Elevation angle computing unit is used for by the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains the phase differential between the two-way radiation of lightening discharge signal
According to the relation between the angle of elevation alpha of phase difference φ and radiation of lightening discharge signal
Calculate the elevation angle that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives vertical antenna array, wherein, f is the frequency of radiation of lightening discharge signal, and c is the light velocity, and l is the base length between the antenna;
The thunder and lightning spacing is from evaluation unit, be used for according to the thunder and lightning spacing from vertical antenna array apart from the relation between the angle of elevation alpha of d, thunder and lightning source height h and radiation of lightening discharge signal
Estimate the thunder and lightning spacing from vertical antenna array apart from d; Wherein, thunder and lightning source height h scope is 4km～10km;
The alarm command generation unit is used for according to distance and the local lightening activity Characteristics of Evolution of the thunder and lightning spacing that calculates from vertical antenna array, generates the Lightning Warning instruction.
(3) beneficial effect
Technical solution of the present invention possesses following beneficial effect compared with prior art:
(1) measures the elevation angle that arrives aerial array from the radiation of lightening discharge signal in thunder and lightning source by utilizing, and then estimate the distance in thunder and lightning source, preferably resolve present like product to the deficiency of lightening activity region distance estimation aspect;
(2) utilize the Broadband interferometer principle, realize arriving from the radiation of lightening discharge signal in thunder and lightning source the high-acruracy survey at the elevation angle of aerial array;
(3) two antennas adopt vertical ground to place up and down the scheme that consists of the exploring antenna array, have improved the measuring accuracy to the thunder and lightning source at the low elevation angle;
(4) by receiving the broadband ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION SIGNATURE, adopt the method for spectrum analysis, realize the discriminating of radiation of lightening discharge and artificial electromagnetic signal, the identification that thunder and lightning is produced ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION SIGNATURE is more accurate, so that this device has stronger antijamming capability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the related Lightning Warning method of specific embodiment of the invention part;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the related lightning warning device of specific embodiment of the invention part;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of distance with the elevation angle relation of radiation of lightening discharge signal in the related thunder and lightning source of specific embodiment of the invention part;
Fig. 4 is the structural principle synoptic diagram of the related signal processor unit of specific embodiment of the invention part.
Embodiment
For making purpose of the present invention, content and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
The related Lightning Warning method of this embodiment is applied to lightning warning device, described lightning warning device is based on the ultimate principle of interferometric method, by measuring the phase differential at two antenna reception radiation of lightening discharge signals separated by a distance, just can determine the radiation of lightening discharge signal with respect to the incident angle of antenna baseline (lines of two antennas), place up and down perpendicular to ground when two antennas, then can determine the elevation angle that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives this device.
If this device adds two antennas, formation is with respect to two quadrature horizontal base lines of this vertical parallax, namely on the position separated by a distance a dipole antenna is set separately on as shown in Figure 2 the vertical support frame 5, consist of the vertical antenna array structure, this structure can provide simultaneously from the position angle of the radiation of lightening discharge signal in thunder and lightning source and elevation information (such as Broadband interferometer).
This technical scheme does not adopt the aerial array of horizontal quadrature baseline used in the prior art, and two aerial arrays that only adopt one group of vertical ground to place up and down, mainly be to consider that this device key is from the range estimation of aerial array sufficiently high precision to be arranged to the thunder and lightning spacing, the orientation of its generation is less important relatively, and the antenna array of arranging so exactly at the elevation angle hour, measuring accuracy is the highest, and this design has greatly been simplified device structure and reduced cost of manufacture.
As shown in Figure 2, described lightning warning device comprises:
Vertical antenna array comprises two identical dipole antennas 1; Described two antennas 1 are installed in respectively perpendicular on the vertical rack 5 on ground between the upper and lower at a certain distance the position by horizontal stand 6, and described horizontal stand 6 and vertical rack 5 all adopt the hollow metal tube material, and described vertical rack 5 is arranged on the base 4.Distance between described two antennas 1 is fixed; Described vertical antenna array is used for receiving the radiation of lightening discharge signal that produces from lightening activity in the local regional convective cloud, and is transported to signal processor 2 by concentric cable 7 through the inside connection that vertical rack 5 is connected with horizontal stand;
Audible-visual annunciator 3 is used for according to carrying out sound or/and light warning from the alerting signal of described signal processor 2; Described audible-visual annunciator 3 comprises warning lamp and loudspeaker, is used for sending with different light and sound the lightening alarm signal of different brackets.
Wherein, as shown in Figure 4, from logical functional structure, described signal processor 2 specifically comprises:
Amplifier module is used for the received radiation of lightening discharge signal of vertical antenna array is amplified;
Analog to digital conversion (A/D) module is used for the two-way radiation of lightening discharge signal after amplifying is carried out synchronous ADC;
Veneer PC module, be used for the two ways of digital signals after the A/D conversion is carried out analyzing and processing, concrete function comprises the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), by spectrum sigtral response undesired signal is identified and rejected to the radiation of lightening discharge signal, calculate the elevation angle of phase differential, radiation of lightening discharge signal between the two-way radiation of lightening discharge signal and generate the thunder and lightning spacing from the distance of vertical antenna array, the frequency of simultaneously real-time statistics thunder and lightning generation finally generates alerting signal and is sent to described audible-visual annunciator unit;
Described veneer PC module comprises that specifically radiation of lightening discharge signal identification and undesired signal culling unit, elevation angle computing unit, thunder and lightning spacing are from evaluation unit, thunder and lightning frequency real-time statistics unit and alarm command generation unit;
Wherein, described thunder and lightning signal identification and undesired signal culling unit are used for the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out fast Fourier transform analysis, according to its spectrum signature undesired signal is identified and rejected to the radiation of lightening discharge signal;
Described elevation angle computing unit is used for by the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains the phase differential between the two-way radiation of lightening discharge signal
According to the relation between the angle of elevation alpha of phase difference φ and radiation of lightening discharge signal
Calculate the elevation angle that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives vertical antenna array, wherein, f is the frequency of thunder and lightning signal, and c is the light velocity, and l is the base length between the antenna;
Described thunder and lightning spacing is from evaluation unit, be used for according to the thunder and lightning spacing from vertical antenna array apart from the relation between the angle of elevation alpha of d, thunder and lightning source height h and radiation of lightening discharge signal
Estimate the thunder and lightning source apart from d; Wherein, thunder and lightning source height h is generally in 4km～10km scope;
Described thunder and lightning frequency real-time statistics unit is used for the frequency that the real-time statistics thunder and lightning occurs;
Described alarm command generation unit is used for according to the thunder and lightning spacing that calculates from reaching local lightening activity Characteristics of Evolution, the instruction of generation Lightning Warning.
In addition, described lightning warning device still is provided with network interface, being used for device software safeguards, upgrades, or by network remote monitoring equipment running status, described lightning warning device overall construction design is succinct, and designed arc-shaped appearance is adopted at the top, and effectively holdout device itself produces corona discharge, and all electrical connection all is enclosed in the whole support, has good lightning protection effect.
Next, as shown in Figure 1, the related Lightning Warning method of this embodiment comprises the steps:
S1: up and down two positions separated by a distance on the support perpendicular to ground arrange two identical dipole antennas, consist of vertical antenna array;
S2: undesired signal is identified and rejected to the radiation of lightening discharge signal
The signal that vertical antenna array is received is done Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the signal that will possess the thunder and lightning spectrum signature is regarded the radiation of lightening discharge signal as, otherwise is rejected as undesired signal; With respect to the artificial signal of the overwhelming majority (interference source), radiation of lightening discharge is a kind of natural sign source, has the extremely wide feature of frequency spectrum, the main frequency range of its energy is between 10Hz-300MHz, usually then frequency band is relatively very narrow for the undesired signal that is produced by communication etc., and general frequency range is at several MHz of several kHz-.According to this feature, by the received signal of vertical antenna array is done fast Fourier transform analysis, utilize the spectrum signature of signal just can identify easily the radiation of lightening discharge signal, thereby reject undesired signal.
S3: measure the elevation angle that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives vertical antenna array
Specifically comprise:
S301: utilize wideband low noise amplifier that the received radiation of lightening discharge signal of vertical antenna array is amplified, with the effective detection range of increasing device, signal bandwidth is generally tens MHz;
S302: utilize analog to digital conversion (A/D) module that the two-way radiation of lightening discharge signal after amplifying is carried out the synchronous high-speed analog to digital conversion, sample frequency is hundreds of MHz (or 1GHz);
S303: utilize universal computer interface to be transferred to single board computer to the two-way radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing, by the radiation of lightening discharge signal is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), calculate the phase differential that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives two antennas
S304: according to phase differential
And the relation between the angle of elevation alpha of radiation of lightening discharge signal calculates the angle of elevation alpha that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives aerial array; For the antenna of placing up and down perpendicular to ground that this device adopts, its phase differential
And the pass between the radiation of lightening discharge signal angle of elevation alpha is
Wherein, f is the frequency of radiation of lightening discharge signal, and c is the light velocity, and l is the base length between the antenna, draws thus the angle of elevation alpha that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives aerial array;
S4: according to the distance in the estimation thunder and lightning source, the elevation angle that calculates
As shown in Figure 3, if the thunder and lightning source occurs in the height apart from ground h, then the thunder and lightning spacing from the pass apart between the angle of elevation alpha of d and radiation of lightening discharge signal of aerial array is
Therefore, by measuring the elevation angle of radiation of lightening discharge signal, just can estimate the thunder and lightning spacing from the distance of aerial array, the elevation angle is less, and distance is far away.Wherein, thunder and lightning source height h is generally in 4km～10km scope;
Here calculate as example take the thunder and lightning source that occurs in the 7km At The Height, the result as shown in Figure 3.As seen, if measure the elevation angle less than 30 °, then thunder cloud should be positioned at beyond the 10km.The prior art result of study shows that based on the Broadband interferometer principle, this device is directly proportional with the cosine at base length, survey frequency and the elevation angle to the measurement sensitivity at the elevation angle.Therefore, with regard to antenna structure and the working frequency range of its device, should be less than 1 ° to the measuring error of angle.And the vertical parallax structure that this device adopts is less to the measuring error of angle when the low elevation angle.
In fact, with interior lightening activity, can be described as new line as seen for 10km, also can hear thunder, the early warning meaning of equipment is little, and Lightning Warning equipment more should be conceived to the early warning of lightening activity at a distance.Moreover the yardstick of local thunderstorm generally has ten to tens kilometers yardstick, and therefore, this embodiment technical scheme is well positioned to meet the requirement of lightening activity range estimation precision.
And S5: the distance according to the thunder and lightning source that calculates is carried out lightening alarm
The single board computer real-time statistics receives the number of times of thunder and lightning signal in about (or longer) time a few minutes, and according to the distance in the thunder and lightning source that calculates, the distance of the local lightening activity of analysis-by-synthesis, frequency and Characteristics of Evolution generate the alerting signal of different stage to the audible-visual annunciator unit; Then the audible-visual annunciator unit sends the lightening alarm signal of different brackets with different light and sound.
The above only is preferred implementation of the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and distortion (as increasing horizontal base line etc.), these improvement and distortion also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a Lightning Warning method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:
S1: the position of differing heights arranges two identical dipole antennas on perpendicular to the support on ground, consists of vertical antenna array;
S2: undesired signal is identified and rejected to the radiation of lightening discharge signal that receives;
S3: calculate the elevation angle that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives described vertical antenna array;
Described step S3 specifically comprises:
S301: the radiation of lightening discharge signal received to vertical antenna array amplifies;
S302: the radiation of lightening discharge signal after amplifying is carried out synchronous ADC;
S303: the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and correlated digital signals processing operation, obtain the phase differential that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives two antennas;
S304: according to described phase differential and from the relation between the radiation of lightening discharge signal elevation angle in thunder and lightning source, calculate the elevation angle that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives vertical antenna array;
S4: according to the distance in described elevation angle estimation thunder and lightning source;
Among the described step S4, according to the thunder and lightning spacing from vertical antenna array apart from the relation between the angle of elevation alpha of d, thunder and lightning source height h and radiation of lightening discharge signal
Estimate the thunder and lightning spacing from vertical antenna array apart from d; Wherein, thunder and lightning source height h scope is 4km ~ 10km;
S5: the distance according to described thunder and lightning source is carried out Lightning Warning.
2. Lightning Warning method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described step S2 specifically comprises:
The radiation of lightening discharge signal that vertical antenna array is received is done fast Fourier transform analysis, and the signal that will possess the frequency spectrum of 10,000,000 grades or 100,000,000 grades is regarded the radiation of lightening discharge signal as, and then rejects undesired signal.
3. Lightning Warning method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described step S301 utilizes wideband low noise amplifier that the radiation of lightening discharge signal that vertical antenna array receives is amplified.
4. Lightning Warning method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, among the described step S304, and phase differential
And the pass between the radiation of lightening discharge signal angle of elevation alpha is:
Wherein, f is the frequency of radiation of lightening discharge signal, and c is the light velocity, and l is the base length between the antenna.
5. a lightning warning device is characterized in that, this device comprises:
Vertical antenna array be used for to receive the radiation of lightening discharge signal, comprises two identical dipole antennas, and described two antennas are installed in respectively on the position perpendicular to differing heights on the support on ground;
Signal processor, be used for the received radiation of lightening discharge signal of described vertical antenna array is carried out analyzing and processing, calculate the thunder and lightning spacing from the distance of vertical antenna array, the frequency that the real-time statistics thunder and lightning occurs, and send different Lightning Warning instructions according to the lightening activity feature;
Described signal processor specifically comprises:
Amplifier module is used for the received radiation of lightening discharge signal of vertical antenna array is amplified;
Analog-to-digital conversion module is used for the radiation of lightening discharge signal after amplifying is carried out synchronous ADC;
Veneer PC module is used for the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), by spectrum sigtral response, undesired signal is identified and rejected to the radiation of lightening discharge signal; Obtain the phase differential that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives two antennas; The phase differential that arrives two antennas according to the radiation of lightening discharge signal that calculates generates the thunder and lightning spacing from the distance of vertical antenna array; The frequency that the real-time statistics thunder and lightning occurs is analyzed local lightening activity characteristics and Characteristics of Evolution; Final generation alarm command also is sent to audible-visual annunciator;
Described veneer PC module specifically comprises:
The identification of thunder and lightning signal and undesired signal culling unit are used for the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out fast Fourier transform analysis, according to its spectrum signature undesired signal is identified and rejected to the radiation of lightening discharge signal;
Elevation angle computing unit is used for by the radiation of lightening discharge signal after the digitizing is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains the phase differential between the two-way radiation of lightening discharge signal
According to the relation between the angle of elevation alpha of phase differential △ φ and radiation of lightening discharge signal
Calculate the elevation angle that the radiation of lightening discharge signal arrives vertical antenna array, wherein, f is the frequency of radiation of lightening discharge signal, and c is the light velocity, and l is the base length between the antenna;
The thunder and lightning spacing is from evaluation unit, be used for according to the thunder and lightning spacing from vertical antenna array apart from the relation between the angle of elevation alpha of d, thunder and lightning source height h and radiation of lightening discharge signal
Estimate the thunder and lightning spacing from vertical antenna array apart from d; Wherein, thunder and lightning source height h scope is 4km ~ 10km;
The alarm command generation unit is used for according to distance and the local lightening activity Characteristics of Evolution of the thunder and lightning spacing that calculates from vertical antenna array, generates the Lightning Warning instruction;
Audible-visual annunciator is used for according to carrying out sound or/and light warning from the Lightning Warning instruction of described signal processor.
6. lightning warning device as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described audible-visual annunciator comprises warning lamp and loudspeaker.
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