CN114034936A - Lightning positioning system and method based on distributed monitoring sites - Google Patents
Lightning positioning system and method based on distributed monitoring sites Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
- G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
- G01R29/0842—Measurements related to lightning, e.g. measuring electric disturbances, warning systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a lightning positioning system and method based on a distributed monitoring station, belongs to the field of civil aviation air traffic control, and relates to a lightning positioning technology, wherein the lightning positioning technology comprises a VLF/LF front-end station, a central station and a data analysis and processing center; the VLF/LF front-end station comprises an acquisition card and an industrial personal computer; the central station comprises a software filtering unit and a synchronous data unit; the data analysis and processing center comprises a lightning real-time positioning unit, a lightning type identification unit and an ionosphere monitoring unit. The system can realize the uninterrupted recording of VLF/LF lightning signal waveforms and provide comprehensive analysis of online and historical real-time positioning data. By using the system, the lightning activity can be monitored and tracked in real time; the high-precision seamless coverage of large-range lightning activities is realized by a small number of stations and an efficient station distribution technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of civil aviation air traffic control, relates to a lightning positioning technology, and particularly relates to a lightning positioning system and method based on distributed monitoring stations.
Background
Lightning has long been a catastrophic attack on humans and living beings on the earth and human civilization in the form of direct lightning. The lightning can generate strong current, electromagnetic wave, ultrahigh temperature and violent shock wave to the ground instantly, the physical signals can cause lightning disasters instantly, the lightning disasters are listed as one of the most serious ten natural disasters by the department of the United nations, and the physical effects of high temperature, violent shock wave, strong electromagnetic radiation and the like generated by the lightning can generate huge destruction effect instantly. The fire-fighting agent can often cause personal injury, damage buildings, power supply and distribution systems, communication equipment, cause forest fire, cause the combustion and even explosion of computer information systems, storage, oil refineries, oil fields and the like, harm the property and personal safety of people and have great threat to carriers such as aerospace and the like.
At present, thunder and lightning detection is mainly carried out by means of an atmospheric electric field instrument, judgment is carried out by data such as meteorological department radars, satellite cloud pictures and the like, the detection range is limited, the number of stations is large, real-time positioning difficulty is high, the method is mainly used for non-real-time application scenes, and accurate meteorological service aiming at the aviation industry is not available.
Therefore, a lightning positioning system and method based on the distributed monitoring station are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the lightning positioning system based on the distributed monitoring station can realize the uninterrupted recording of VLF/LF lightning signal waveforms and provide comprehensive analysis of online and historical real-time positioning data. By using the system, the lightning activity can be monitored and tracked in real time. The high-precision seamless coverage of large-range lightning activities is realized by a small number of stations and an efficient station distribution technology.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment according to a first aspect of the present invention provides a lightning location system based on distributed monitoring sites, including a VLF/LF front-end site, a central station, and a data analysis and processing center;
the VLF/LF front-end station comprises an acquisition card and an industrial personal computer;
the central station comprises a software filtering unit and a synchronous data unit;
the data analysis and processing center comprises a lightning real-time positioning unit, a lightning type identification unit and an ionosphere monitoring unit.
Furthermore, the acquisition card adopts an AdvantechPCI-1714 high-speed acquisition card; the industrial personal computer is used for collecting, storing and communicating thunder and lightning data.
Further, the software filtering unit is used for removing noise and setting a trigger threshold; the synchronous data unit is used for synchronizing the trigger time and the trigger waveform.
Further, the lightning real-time positioning unit is used for determining lightning longitude and latitude, height and lightning current information; the lightning type identification unit is used for identifying the lightning type, and the data monitored by the ionosphere monitoring unit comprises the electron content and the flicker index.
Further, the lightning types include cloud lightning and ground lightning.
Further, the triggering mode after the triggering threshold is set is software triggering.
Further, the lightning real-time positioning unit adopts an arrival time difference algorithm for lightning real-time positioning.
The invention also provides a lightning positioning method of the lightning positioning system based on the distributed monitoring sites, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the site selection module selects an installation site, establishes an observation site, and places a VLF/LF front-end site in the observation site;
step two: the industrial personal computer acquires electromagnetic field signals and corresponding GPS clock data through an acquisition card, performs preliminary filtering, displays the waveforms of the electromagnetic field signals in real time through a display, stores the electromagnetic field signals in the industrial personal computer body, and simultaneously compresses the electromagnetic field signals and sends the compressed electromagnetic field signals to a central station through a transmission module;
step three: after receiving the electromagnetic field signal, the central station removes noise through a software filtering unit and sets a trigger threshold; synchronizing trigger time and a synchronous trigger waveform through a synchronous data unit;
step four: the data analysis and processing center determines the longitude and latitude, the height and the lightning current information of lightning through a lightning real-time positioning unit; the lightning type is identified through a lightning type identification unit, and the electron content and the flicker index are monitored through an ionosphere monitoring unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system is a lightning multi-station detection network consisting of a plurality of VLF/LF lightning detection systems with high-precision time synchronization, each station is provided with a VLF/LF lightning signal receiver, a specially designed software system realizes the uninterrupted recording of VLF/LF lightning signal waveforms, and the comprehensive analysis of online and historical real-time positioning data is provided. By using the system, the lightning activity can be monitored and tracked in real time. The high-precision seamless coverage of large-range lightning activities is realized by a small number of stations and an efficient station distribution technology.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lightning location system based on a distributed monitoring site according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a lightning location method based on distributed monitoring sites according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a lightning location system based on a distributed monitoring site according to an embodiment of the present invention. A lightning positioning system based on a distributed monitoring station comprises a VLF/LF front-end station, a central station and a data analysis and processing center;
the VLF/LF front-end station comprises station address selection, GPS clock synchronization, an acquisition card and an industrial personal computer;
wherein the site selection is for selecting a site environment for the VLF/LF front-end site. When an observation station is built, in order to reduce the interference of adjacent frequency bands to signals as much as possible and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals, the following requirements are required for site environment during site selection and installation:
first, open roof platform. The antenna base is fixed on a roof platform through foundation construction, an antenna signal is transmitted to an indoor signal acquisition computer through a 30m cable, and the cable passes through holes in an indoor room;
secondly, the grounding effect is good. In order to ensure the quality of electric field signals and higher signal-to-noise ratio, an observation site needs to have good grounding effect;
third, 100M network bandwidth. In order to ensure the real-time performance of positioning, the network delay caused by data communication transmission between the observation substation and the central station is reduced as much as possible; fourth, better electromagnetic environment. In order to ensure the quality of electric field signals, electromagnetic interference equipment such as electromagnetic wave transmitters, high-voltage wires, receivers and the like are avoided around the field.
The acquisition card adopts an AdvantechPCI-1714 high-speed acquisition card. PCI-1714 is a high-performance data acquisition card built on a 32-bit PCI bus architecture, the sampling frequency can reach up to 30MS/s, and particularly, a continuous high-speed data stream can be guided into a storage outlet. The acquisition card is internally provided with four independent analog-digital converters, so that four channels can be synchronously sampled. The built-in memory can accommodate 32K sampling data FIFO, and during the super-speed sampling, enough buffer area is allowed to be temporarily stored to maintain the speed and integrity of data acquisition.
The industrial personal computer comprises thunder and lightning data acquisition, storage and communication. The industrial personal computer receives electromagnetic field signals collected by the VLF/LF front-end station and corresponding GPS clock data, after preliminary filtering, the waveform of the electromagnetic field signals is displayed in real time through the display, the electromagnetic field signals are stored in the industrial personal computer, and meanwhile, the waveform data are compressed and then sent to the central station through the 4G transmission module.
The central station comprises software filtering, waveform presenting and data synchronizing.
Specifically, the software filtering includes removing noise and triggering threshold setting. And the trigger waveform is filtered, so that false triggering caused by noise can be effectively removed. Because the noise interference degrees of different installation environments are different, particularly the interference of the Roland-C signal to each station, in order to improve the sensitivity of the system, the Roland-C signal and other noise source frequency bands are filtered by software filtering, the filtered signal is used for carrying out software threshold triggering, the software threshold triggering is not the prior hardware threshold triggering, the triggering waveform can not be filtered in the later period, the signal before filtering is still stored during storage, and the consistency of the stored signals of each station is ensured. The threshold triggering is software triggering, and has the advantage of artificial later adjustment of the threshold, while the hard triggering is difficult to adjust the triggering threshold later.
The synchronous data comprises synchronous trigger time and synchronous trigger waveform. After receiving the electromagnetic field signals transmitted by each front-end station, the central station further processes the data. The method is characterized in that data are stored firstly, double backup of lightning data storage is realized, then, after the data are further subjected to filtering and denoising processing, signal waveforms are displayed, a GPS clock is synchronized, and waveforms are compressed synchronously, so that lightning can be observed when the data are stored.
The data analysis and processing center comprises lightning real-time positioning, lightning type identification and ionosphere monitoring.
Specifically, the lightning real-time positioning comprises information of lightning longitude and latitude, lightning height and lightning current. Based on the measurement of the lightning electromagnetic field, the lightning stroke position in the range of hundreds of kilometers can be accurately determined, and important parameters such as the lightning current peak value, the rise time and the like of the lightning stroke ground can be inverted and estimated. The lightning real-time positioning in the system adopts an arrival time difference algorithm, and the positioning principle is as follows: the central station calculates the triggering time difference of any two lightning observation stations, the time difference from one position point to any two lightning observation stations is calculated by adopting a TOA algorithm and is compared with the triggering time difference of the two corresponding lightning observation stations, and because the number of the lightning observation stations is multiple, the final comparison result for each position point is also multiple, the residual error between the corresponding position point and the actual lightning occurrence position can be calculated according to the multiple comparison results, the position point with the minimum residual error can be obtained by comparing the residual errors of all the position points and is used as the lightning occurrence position, and therefore real-time lightning positioning is achieved.
The TOA positioning technology adopts the time difference of lightning electromagnetic pulse reaching different measuring stations to carry out lightning positioning, because the antenna adopted by the TOA is simple, and the accurate time of the lightning return-impact radiation field reaching the measuring stations is measured, or the time difference of the lightning return-impact radiation field reaching different measuring stations is measured, the requirement on the time measurement precision is higher, and at least 3 stations are required to be possible to position, meanwhile, the return-impact waveform peak point is likely to drift and distort along with the difference of propagation paths and distances, or is interfered by the environment, so that the time measurement error is caused, when the TOA positioning technology is adopted by the system, the identification is carried out by means of signal waveform, and the accuracy is further improved.
The lightning type identification includes cloud lightning and ground lightning. The ground flash refers to lightning striking the ground, and the cloud flash refers to lightning occurring in or between clouds, that is, all lightning not striking the ground. On average, the ground lightning accounts for just below 1/3 of the total lightning, while the cloud lightning accounts for more than 2/3. The occurrence of lightning is closely related to the development of strong convection clouds, the first lightning in the clouds almost always flashes in clouds, and the lightning in some thunderstorm clouds can all flash in clouds, so that the research and detection of the cloud flash are very important, and the cloud flash information has early warning indication significance for the development of the strong convection.
The ionospheric monitoring includes total electron content and scintillation index. Lightning discharges in thunderstorms can generate strong electrostatic fields and electromagnetic radiation fields, which have important influence on the spatial ionosphere and cause disturbance of the ionosphere electron density distribution. The VLF transmission reflection signal can be used for inverting the change of the ionospheric density, and is a common method for detecting ionospheric disturbance at present, and the intensity of the ionospheric disturbance is closely related to lightning discharge parameters and the lightning discharge process and type. The system adopts the original ionosphere reflected wave identification algorithm to ensure that the ground wave propagation time of the lightning discharge event can be accurately measured and calculated, the accurate positioning in the long-distance baseline process is ensured, and the efficiency and the accuracy of lightning detection are ensured.
As shown in fig. 2, a lightning location method of a lightning location system based on distributed monitoring sites includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the site selection module selects an installation site, establishes an observation site, and places a VLF/LF front-end site in the observation site;
step two: the industrial personal computer acquires electromagnetic field signals and corresponding GPS clock data through an acquisition card, performs preliminary filtering, displays the waveforms of the electromagnetic field signals in real time through a display, stores the electromagnetic field signals in the industrial personal computer body, and simultaneously compresses the electromagnetic field signals and sends the compressed electromagnetic field signals to a central station through a transmission module;
step three: after receiving the electromagnetic field signal, the central station removes noise through a software filtering unit and sets a trigger threshold; synchronizing trigger time and a synchronous trigger waveform through a synchronous data unit;
step four: the data analysis and processing center determines the longitude and latitude, the height and the lightning current information of lightning through a lightning real-time positioning unit; the lightning type is identified through a lightning type identification unit, and the electron content and the flicker index are monitored through an ionosphere monitoring unit.
In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, device and method can be implemented in other ways.
Furthermore, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. A plurality of units or means recited in the system claims may also be implemented by one unit or means in software or hardware. The terms second, etc. are used to denote names, but not any particular order.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical process of the present invention and not to limit the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical process of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical process of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A lightning positioning system based on a distributed monitoring station is characterized by comprising a VLF/LF front-end station, a central station and a data analysis and processing center;
the VLF/LF front-end station comprises an acquisition card and an industrial personal computer;
the central station comprises a software filtering unit and a synchronous data unit;
the data analysis and processing center comprises a lightning real-time positioning unit, a lightning type identification unit and an ionosphere monitoring unit.
2. The lightning positioning system based on the distributed monitoring sites as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acquisition card is AdvantechPCI-1714 high-speed acquisition card; the industrial personal computer is used for collecting, storing and communicating thunder and lightning data.
3. The lightning location system based on the distributed monitoring station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the software filtering unit is used for removing noise and setting a trigger threshold; the synchronous data unit is used for synchronizing the trigger time and the trigger waveform.
4. The lightning positioning system based on the distributed monitoring sites as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lightning real-time positioning unit is used for determining lightning longitude and latitude, height and lightning current information; the lightning type identification unit is used for identifying the lightning type, and the data monitored by the ionosphere monitoring unit comprises the electron content and the flicker index.
5. The lightning location system based on the distributed monitoring station according to claim 4, wherein the lightning types comprise cloud lightning and ground lightning.
6. The lightning location system based on the distributed monitoring sites as claimed in claim 3, wherein the triggering mode after the triggering threshold is set is software triggering.
7. The lightning location system based on the distributed monitoring station as claimed in claim 3, wherein the lightning real-time location unit adopts time difference of arrival algorithm for lightning real-time location.
8. The lightning location method of the lightning location system based on the distributed monitoring sites as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the site selection module selects an installation site, establishes an observation site, and places a VLF/LF front-end site in the observation site;
step two: the industrial personal computer acquires electromagnetic field signals and corresponding GPS clock data through an acquisition card, performs preliminary filtering, displays the waveforms of the electromagnetic field signals in real time through a display, stores the electromagnetic field signals in the industrial personal computer body, and simultaneously compresses the electromagnetic field signals and sends the compressed electromagnetic field signals to a central station through a transmission module;
step three: after receiving the electromagnetic field signal, the central station removes noise through a software filtering unit and sets a trigger threshold; synchronizing trigger time and a synchronous trigger waveform through a synchronous data unit;
step four: the data analysis and processing center determines the longitude and latitude, the height and the lightning current information of lightning through a lightning real-time positioning unit; the lightning type is identified through a lightning type identification unit, and the electron content and the flicker index are monitored through an ionosphere monitoring unit.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114518169A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-05-20 | 北京万龙精益科技有限公司 | Lightning detection base station, lightning detection system and lightning detection method based on solar blind waveband signals |
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| CN101634701A (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2010-01-27 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system |
| CN105974207A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-28 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Three dimensional full-lightning detection positioning system based on very-low frequency/low frequency |
| CN106443834A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-22 | 安徽锦坤电子科技有限公司 | Monitoring recording system for thunder weather |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101634701A (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2010-01-27 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system |
| CN105974207A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-28 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Three dimensional full-lightning detection positioning system based on very-low frequency/low frequency |
| CN106443834A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-22 | 安徽锦坤电子科技有限公司 | Monitoring recording system for thunder weather |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114518169A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-05-20 | 北京万龙精益科技有限公司 | Lightning detection base station, lightning detection system and lightning detection method based on solar blind waveband signals |
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