CN105974207A - Three dimensional full-lightning detection positioning system based on very-low frequency/low frequency - Google Patents
Three dimensional full-lightning detection positioning system based on very-low frequency/low frequency Download PDFInfo
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- CN105974207A CN105974207A CN201610290984.0A CN201610290984A CN105974207A CN 105974207 A CN105974207 A CN 105974207A CN 201610290984 A CN201610290984 A CN 201610290984A CN 105974207 A CN105974207 A CN 105974207A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
- G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
- G01R29/0842—Measurements related to lightning, e.g. measuring electric disturbances, warning systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0892—Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
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Abstract
A three dimensional full-lightning detection positioning system based on very-low frequency/low frequency comprises a data processing center station (20) and a plurality of detection substations installed on different positions, wherein the detection substations access to a wide area network, and through which data are sent to the data processing center station (20). The data centre station (20), upon reception of detection data of each detection substation, obtains the three-dimensional position of a lightning radiation source through three-dimensional lightning positioning algorithm. The VLF/LF antenna acquisition module (4) of each substation acquires magnetic field, electric field and GPS time setting signals and transmits the magnetic field, the electric field and the GPS time setting signals to a channel processing module (5), the channel processing module (5) transmits the signals after processing to a lightning signal identifying module (6), and the lightning signal identifying module (6) determines whether the lighting is intracloud lightning or cloud-to-ground lightning according to the characteristics of the intracloud lightning and the cloud-to-ground lightning. A clock synchronization module (7) marks time labels on the lightning signals, and transits to a data emission module (8). The data emission module (8) sends the lightning data to the data processing center station (20).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lightning scope, be specifically related to the three-dimensional of a kind of very low frequency/low frequency (VLF/LF) frequency range
Full lightning detecting locating system.
Background technology
Lightning is strong discharge process instantaneous in air, according to lightning channel whether ground connection, lightning can be divided into cloud ground
Dodge and cloud dodges.
Patent CN 103116083 discloses a kind of VLF/LF (very low frequency/low frequency) frequency range ground and dodges lightening detection location system
System, this system can be dodged the generation of radiation of lightening discharge source over the ground and accurately be estimated along the ground sudden strain of a muscle thunder and lightning signal that ground surface is propagated.This invention
Ground flash can only be measured, also rest in the two-dimensional observation of cloud-to-ground flash, it is impossible to detect cloud and dodge.
Patent CN 101893661 discloses the Lightning data processing method of a kind of electrooptical signal synchronous monitoring, passes through lightning
The synchronization relative analysis of optical signal and electromagnetic signal, utilizes time difference method to calculate time and the three-dimensional space position of lightning generation.
This invention simply have found locus, can not efficiently differentiate Ground flash when detection and cloud dodges.
Patent CN 102565554 proposes a kind of method generating three-dimensional lightning positioned place flash point distribution map, and the method is first
First with existing two dimension lightning positioned place flash point distribution map and absolute elevation map, changed by grid, generate new three-dimensional
Lightning positioned place flash point distribution map.This invention can only measure Ground flash, it is impossible to detection cloud dodge, three dimensional display be combined with landform
The three-dimensional lightning drop point figure of landforms rather than combine Ground flash and full lightning three-dimensional detection system that cloud dodges.
Patent CN 102288838 discloses a kind of VHF (very low frequency) frequency-range intracloud lightning detecting alignment system, when utilizing
Difference method determines that cloud dodges space radiation position.VHF frequency range array antenna in this invention is by nine identical VHF frequency range omnidirectional antennas
Constituting, the extremely complex and uncombined Ground flash of reception antenna measures system.
Patent CN201555946 discloses very low frequency and the all-lightning positioning system of very high frequency(VHF) combination.This utility model is visited
Survey station point includes the modules such as VHF receiver, VLF receiver, industrial computer, system complex, is difficult to realize.
The counterattack process of cloud-to-ground flash can radiate strong VLF/LF electromagnetic pulse, this pulse in earth-ionosphere waveguide with
Ground waveshape is propagated, and may detect this pulse signal by horizontal channel quadrature field antenna, and utilizes the mode such as direction finding, the time difference
It is capable of the location of Ground flash.In the later stage, scientist finds that the recoil streamer in cloud sudden strain of a muscle is similar, also with the counterattack process of Ground flash
VLF/LF electromagnetic pulse signal can be radiated, particularly can radiate the field signal of vertical channel.It mostly is owing to cloud dodges discharge channel
Horizontally or diagonally, only cannot detect, with horizontal channel antenna, the electromagnetic pulse signal that cloud dodges, it is impossible to realize the detection that cloud is dodged.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the defect of prior art, it is provided that a kind of very low frequency/low frequency (VLF/LF) is three-dimensional complete
Lightning detecting locating system.The present invention, by increasing vertical channel magnetic field antenna, uses vertical channel magnetic-field measurement detection cloud to dodge
Signal, it is achieved the simultaneous observation that Ground flash and cloud are dodged by multiple websites, sends the data to central station by wired or wireless mode
Process, utilize three-dimensional Shicha algorithm to obtain the positioning result of lightning, it is thus possible to more intuitively understand the discharge process of lightning, it is thus achieved that
The three-dimensional localization result of Lightning Discharge Channel and temporal-spatial erosion process.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
The present invention, based on the three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system of VLF/LF, comprises a data processing centre station and multiple peaces
It is contained in the detection substation of diverse location.The installation of detection substation generally uses Y type to be distributed, and parallax range is 150 km.No
Wide area network or LAN are accessed by wired or wireless mode in same detection substation, transmit data to data-centric.Data
Central station by three-dimensional lightning location algorithm, draws the three of lightning radiation source after the detection data receiving each detection substation
Dimension position.The present invention, by the method increasing the measurement of the measurement of vertical magnetic field, holding horizontal magnetic field, measures horizontal and vertical three
The magnetic field in dimension direction is monitored cloud and is dodged and Ground flash, on the basis of keeping Ground flash detection efficient and precision, it is achieved dodge cloud
Multi-direction channel location, to improve detection efficient and the detection accuracy that cloud dodges.
Described detection substation by VLF/LF antenna acquisition module, channel processing module, lightning signal discrimination module, time
Clock synchronization module, and data transmission blocks composition.The outfan connecting channel processing module of VLF/LF antenna acquisition module
Input, the outfan of channel processing module connects the input of lightning signal discrimination module, lightning signal discrimination module defeated
Going out end and connect the input of clock synchronization module, the outfan of clock synchronization module connects the input of data transmission blocks, number
Lightning data after processing according to sending module is by wired or be wirelessly sent to Data processing center station.
After VLF/LF antenna acquisition module gathers magnetic field, electric field, gps signal, by VLF/LF antenna acquisition module bus
It is transferred to channel processing module.Channel processing module is transferred to lightning signal discrimination module after the signal processing of each road.Lightning is believed
Number discrimination module dodges feature according to cloud, Ground flash feature differentiation cloud dodges, after Ground flash, use clock synchronization module by lightning signal
Stamp time tag, finally by data transmission blocks, Lightning data mail to Data processing center station.Described VLF/LF days
Line acquisition module can detect cloud simultaneously and dodge and cloud-to-ground flash magnetostatic wave signal.
The distinguishing rule that Ground flash and cloud are dodged by described lightning signal discrimination module is as follows:
As electromagnetic field signal meets the index of following 1 criterion, then it is judged to that cloud dodges:
(1) vertical magnetic field port number character waveform meets 8/20 μ s lightning current waveform.
All meet the index of following 4 criterions such as electromagnetic field signal, be then judged to Ground flash:
(1) magnetic field channel digital waveform in north-south meets 8/20 μ s lightning current waveform；
(2) East and West direction magnetic field channel digital waveform meets 8/20 μ s lightning current waveform；
(3) electric field channel digital waveform meets 8/20 μ s lightning current waveform；
(4) non-cloud is dodged.
Described VLF/LF antenna acquisition module includes magnetic field antenna, electric field antenna and gps antenna.Described electric field antenna
It is made up of two pieces of capacity plate antennas.Two pieces of capacity plate antennas are the most positioned opposite, are disposed with 4 pillars between two pieces of capacity plate antennas, logical
Cross 4 pillars and fastening screw supports fixing.Gps antenna is held within first capacity plate antenna on top.Magnetic field antenna hangs down
Directly it is arranged between two pieces of capacity plate antennas, is pasted onto an outer surface of column.Magnetic field antenna is by the magnetic field, north-south measuring horizontal magnetic field
Loop antenna and East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna, measurement vertical direction magnetic field loop antenna pairwise orthogonal composition；Three groups of magnetic field loop antennas
Shape is identical, area is identical, and coil turn is identical, and the gain of the magnetic field antenna of each VLF/LF antenna acquisition module is identical.South
North orientation magnetic field loop antenna measures north-south field signal when lightning occurs, and East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna is measured when lightning occurs
East and West direction field signal, vertical direction magnetic field loop antenna measures vertical magnetic field signal when lightning occurs, electric field antenna measurement sudden strain of a muscle
Electric field signal when electricity occurs, signal when gps antenna receives GPS pair.
After described Data processing center station receives the data that each detection substation is uploaded, according to the data type uploaded
Be respectively stored in different Lightning data storehouses, utilize simultaneously three-dimensional Shicha algorithm calculate lightning three-dimensional geographical position and time
Between, result of calculation is also stored in Lightning data storehouse.Detection substation status data, detection substation lightning are preserved in Lightning data storehouse
Data and lightning location result data.Remote central station monitors the running status of each detection substation in real time: as normal in acquisition station,
Acquisition station state disappearance, acquisition station background noise exceed standard, acquisition station fault etc..Detection substation Lightning data includes the ripple of lightning
Graphic data, the GPS absolute time of lightning, the longitude and latitude of acquisition station, lightning types etc.；Lightning location result data includes orienting
Come the time of lightning, longitude and latitude, highly, intensity, location mode, position error, lightning types etc..
Described three-dimensional Shicha algorithm is the time of arrival (toa) utilizing multiple observation station to receive, and it is fixed to carry out radiation source
The method of position, specific algorithm is as follows:
In the full lightning detecting locating system of known three-dimensional, the locus of each detection substation is (xi, yi, zi), lightning signal
The time arriving each detection substation is ti, i=0,1,2,3 ..., N-1.Wherein i=0 represents main website, i=1,2,3 ...,
N-1 represents secondary station.If the position that lightning occurs is that (x, y, z), the distance of lightning signal to main website is R0, arrive the distance of secondary station
For Ri, three-dimensional positioning using TDOA equation can be written as:
I=1 in formula, 2,3 ..., N-1, equation includes x, tetra-unknown quantitys of y, z, t, therefore according to four detections
The data that substation receives can solve this four unknown quantitys, obtains the location and time that lightning occurs.
The present invention utilizes VLF/LF UHF band reception antenna to realize cloud sudden strain of a muscle, Ground flash synchronous monitoring, three to lightning radiation source
Dimension position has carried out high accuracy, high-resolution Continuous Observation.Use multiple by VLF/LF antenna acquisition module, Channel Processing mould
Block, lightning signal discrimination module, clock synchronization module, and the full lightning detection substation of the composition such as data transmission blocks, complete
To the sudden strain of a muscle of VLF/LF frequency range cloud, the reception of Ground flash signal, analyze, process and transmit；By the three-dimensional Shicha algorithm spoke to lightning
The source of penetrating carries out accurate three-dimensional location, simultaneously by positioning result three dimensional display in GIS-Geographic Information System, it is achieved the reality of three-dimensional lightning
Time monitoring and the function such as early warning, equipment running monitoring, data information and service product.
Detecting and locating system of the present invention has the following characteristics that
(1) sudden strain of a muscle of complete VLF/LF frequency range cloud, a Ground flash three-dimensional lightning detecting locating system are constituted, it is possible to achieve with
Time to cloud dodge and the continuous automatic Observation of Ground flash；
(2) system structure is simple, hangs down by increasing by one on the basis of north-south magnetic field antenna and East and West direction magnetic field antenna
Straight magnetic-field measurement antenna is measured cloud and is dodged, and only uses an integrated VLF/LF antenna acquisition module to gather cloud sudden strain of a muscle, cloud simultaneously
Ground glitch, greatly simplifies the signal processing complexity of receiving terminal, and the field signal that three tunnels are identical simultaneously processes circuit and protects
Demonstrate,prove the concordance of field signal gain, it is ensured that the concordance that each detection substation signal receives, improve detection accuracy；
(3) detection substation uses VLF/LF antenna acquisition module to receive, and simplifies system structure, makes networking cost be had
The reduction of effect, extensibility is strong simultaneously；
(4) central station uses three-dimensional Shicha algorithm that lightning carries out three-dimensional space position location, and shows three-dimensional sudden strain of a muscle in real time
Electricity result is in GIS-Geographic Information System, real-time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system figure of Fig. 1 VLF/LF；
Fig. 2 VLF/LF three-dimensional full lightning detection substation process chart；
The three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system antenna acquisition module of Fig. 3 VLF/LF；
Fig. 4 VLF/LF antenna acquisition module upward view；
Fig. 5 channel processing module composition structured flowchart；
Fig. 6 lightning signal discrimination module process chart；
Fig. 7 typical case 8/20 μ s lightning current gathers waveform.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with detailed description of the invention.
As it is shown in figure 1, the present invention is based on the three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system of VLF/LF, comprise a data processing centre
Stand 20 with N number of detection substation 11,12 being arranged on diverse location ..., 1N, N >=4.Different detection substations is by there being circuit
Accessed in wide area network by 31 or wireless base station 32, transmit data to data-centric 20, data-centric 20 by wide area network
Receiving each detection substation 11,12 ..., after the detection data of 1N, carry out three-dimensional lightning location algorithm and calculate, dodged
The three-dimensional position in electric radiation source.
Distribution detection substation 11,12 ..., 1N, Data processing center station 20, by wired route 31 or 3G4G without
Line base station 32 or ADSL33 mode accesses wide area network, forms a full lightning detecting locating system of three-dimensional.
Each detection substation all includes VLF/LF antenna acquisition module 4, channel processing module 5, lightning signal discrimination module
6, clock synchronization module 7, and data transmission blocks 8, as shown in Figure 2.
The input of the outfan connecting channel processing module 5 of VLF/LF antenna acquisition module 4, channel processing module 5
Outfan connects the input of lightning signal discrimination module 6, and the outfan of lightning signal discrimination module 6 connects clock synchronization module
The input of 7, the outfan of clock synchronization module 7 connect the input of data transmission blocks 8, and data transmission blocks 8 is by having
Line or wirelessly will process after data be sent to Data processing center station 20.VLF/LF antenna acquisition module 4 gathers
Channel processing module 5 it is transferred to after magnetic field, electric field, gps signal；Channel processing module 5 is dodged being transferred to after the signal processing of each road
Signal of telecommunication discrimination module 6；After lightning signal discrimination module 6 goes out cloud sudden strain of a muscle, Ground flash according to cloud sudden strain of a muscle feature, Ground flash feature decision,
Use clock synchronization module 7 that lightning signal is stamped time tag, be transferred to data transmission blocks 8；Send finally by data
Lightning data is mail to Data processing center station 20 by module 8.
Data-centric 20 receives each detection substation 11,12 ..., after the data that 1N uploads, according to the data uploaded
Type is respectively stored in different Lightning data storehouses, utilizes three-dimensional Shicha algorithm to calculate the three-dimensional geographical position of lightning simultaneously
After the time, computation structure is stored in Lightning data storehouse.Lightning data storehouse includes detection substation status data, detection
Stand Lightning data and lightning location result data.Remote central station can monitor the running status of each detection substation in real time: as
Acquisition station is normal, acquisition station state disappearance, acquisition station background noise exceed standard, acquisition station fault etc..The Lightning data of detection substation
Include the Wave data of lightning, the GPS absolute time of lightning, the longitude and latitude of acquisition station, lightning types etc..Lightning location result
Time of lightning that data include orienting, longitude and latitude, highly, intensity, location mode, position error, lightning types etc..
VLF/LF antenna acquisition module 4 detects the low frequency/VLF-EM field signal of cloud-to-ground flash and cloud-flashes.Such as figure
Shown in 3, VLF/LF antenna acquisition module includes magnetic field antenna, electric field antenna and gps antenna.Described electric field antenna is put down by two pieces
Plate electric capacity 44,45 forms.Two pieces of capacity plate antennas 44, about 45 are positioned opposite, are disposed with 4 between two pieces of capacity plate antennas 44,45
Pillar 47, supports fixing by 4 pillars 47 and fastening screw 48.Gps antenna 46 is held within the first flat board electricity on top
Hold on 44.Magnetic field antenna 41,42 and 43 is fixed on the outer surface of pillar 47.Magnetic field antenna is by 41 and the thing measuring horizontal magnetic field
Form to magnetic field loop antenna 42, measurement vertical direction magnetic field loop antenna 43, magnetic field, north-south loop antenna 41, ring sky, East and West direction magnetic field
Line 42 and loop antenna 43 these three magnetic field, vertical direction magnetic field loop antenna pairwise orthogonal.Magnetic field, north-south loop antenna 41, East and West direction
Magnetic field loop antenna 42 and vertical direction magnetic field ring 43 are separately fixed at the outer surface of three pillars 47 by double faced adhesive tape.North-south magnetic
Field loop antenna 41 overlaps with geographical north-south, and East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna 42 overlaps with geographical East and West direction, vertical direction magnetic field ring
Antenna 43 measures the field signal of three-dimensional with geographical plane-parallel, three magnetic field loop antennas.
Two pieces of capacity plate antennas 44,45 of composition electric field antenna are the circuit board applying copper, when electric field antenna measures lightning generation
Electric field signal.
Gps antenna 46 is made up of high sensitivity GPS antenna and nylon outer shell, is fixed on the first capacity plate antenna of electric field antenna
On 44, the first capacity plate antenna 44 is positioned at VLF/LF antenna acquisition module top.Gps antenna 46 transfers signals to the first flat board electricity
Hold on 44, then transferred signals on the second capacity plate antenna 45 by the first capacity plate antenna 44, total by the second capacity plate antenna 45
Line passage 49 is transferred to channel processing module 5.
Electric field antenna measures low frequency/very low frequency lightning electric field signal, on two pieces of circuit boards of composition capacity plate antenna 44,45 all
It is disposed with holding wire.It is disposed with gps signal connecting line on first capacity plate antenna 44, the second capacity plate antenna 45 is disposed with north-south
Field signal line, East and West direction field signal line, vertical magnetic field holding wire, gps signal line and electric field signal line, all holding wires are equal
It is connected with bus run 49, transmits the signal gathered to signaling channel processing module 5 by bus run 49.
The pillar 47 of four aluminums connects upper and lower two pieces of capacity plate antennas 44,45, fixes pillar by the most each 8 screws 48
47 and two pieces of capacity plate antennas 44,45, it is magnetic field, the north-south loop antenna 41 of magnetic field antenna, East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna 42 and simultaneously
Measure vertical magnetic field loop antenna 43 and support is provided.Magnetic field, the north-south loop antenna 41 of magnetic field antenna, East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna 42
With measure vertical magnetic field loop antenna 43 channel gain identical, calibration is identical with scaling method.As shown in Figure 4, magnetic field antenna 41,
42,43, electric field antenna 44,45 and gps antenna 46 share a bus run 49, transmit magnetic field, north and south, the thing magnetic collected
Field, vertical magnetic field, electric field and gps signal are to channel processing module 5, and bus run 49 is welded on the second capacity plate antenna 45.This
Magnetic field, north-south loop antenna 41 in invention VLF/LF antenna acquisition module 4, East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna 42, vertical direction magnetic field
The shape of loop antenna 43 is identical, area is identical, and coil turn is identical, the increasing of the magnetic field antenna of each VLF/LF antenna acquisition module
Benefit is identical
Channel processing module 5 comprises 4 groups of signal processing circuits in parallel, and wherein 3 groups is that the magnetic field that circuit structure is identical leads to
Road signal processing circuit, respectively in order to receive and to process magnetic field, north-south loop antenna 41, East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna 42, Vertical Square
The signal gathered to magnetic field loop antenna 43, another 1 group is electric field channel signal processing circuit, in order to process the letter that electric field antenna gathers
Number.
As it is shown in figure 5, receive and process magnetic field, north-south loop antenna 41, East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna 42, vertical direction magnetic
The structure of three groups of magnetic field channel signal processing circuits of field loop antenna 43 is identical.Below to receive magnetic field, north-south loop antenna 41
As a example by magnetic field channel signal processing circuit, the structure of this magnetic field channel signal processing circuit is described.This magnetic field channel signal processing
Circuit includes low-noise amplifier 50, gain control 51 and program control filtering 52.The input of low-noise amplifier 50 is adopted with antenna
Bus run 49 in collection module 4 is connected, and receives the VLF/LF small-signal of magnetic field, north-south loop antenna 41, improves noise
Ratio.Low-noise amplifier 50 uses the low noise amplifier circuit of common emitter-common base cascade, takes into account low noise and high-gain
Requirement, the outfan of low-noise amplifier 50 and the input of automatic growth control module 51 connect, and the signal after processing passes
It is defeated by automatic growth control module 51.The signal power that automatic growth control module 51 exports according to low-noise amplifier 50 is fitted
When amplifying signal, when weak signal inputs, linear amplification ensures the intensity of output signal；When input signal reaches some strength
Time, compression is amplified, is made output amplitude reduce；Signal can be amplified and anti-stop signal by automatic growth control module 51 effectively
Overflowing, gain realizes automatically controlling, and processing signal amplitude scope is ± 10V.The outfan of automatic gain module 51 and program control filter
The input of ripple device 52 connects, and the signal after processing is transferred to programmable filter 52, and programmable filter 52 is according to field signal
Feature sets filtering mode, controls channel width, reduces interference.The core of described programmable filter 52 is double second-order loops
Wave filter, utilizes two or more to be formed operational amplification circuit by adder, integrator etc., arranges transmission function, and it is suitable to introduce
Feedback composition.Signal after programmable filter 52 will process exports to lightning signal discrimination module 6.
Described electric field channel signal processing circuit includes that low-noise amplifier 50, automatic growth control 51, power frequency filter
53, oval filtering 54 and phase compensation 55.The input of low-noise amplifier 50 and the bus in VLF/LF antenna acquisition module
Passage 49 is connected, and receives the signal of electric field antenna.The outfan of low-noise amplifier 50 and the input of automatic gain module 51
Connecting, the signal after improving signal to noise ratio is transferred to automatic gain module 51；The outfan of automatic gain module 51 and filtering 53
Input connect, by signal amplify after be transferred to power frequency filtering 53；The outfan of power frequency filtering 53 connects ellipse filtering 54
Input, transmits a signal to oval filtering 54 after eliminating power frequency component interference；The outfan of oval filtering 54 connects phase place and mends
Repay 55, filtered signal is transferred to phase compensation 55；Phase compensation 55 carries out phase only pupil filter to electric field signal, keeps and magnetic
Field signal phase place is consistent.Signal after phase compensation 55 will process exports to lightning signal discrimination module 6.
The analogue signal that the channel processing module 5 received exports is converted into digital signal by lightning signal discrimination module 6,
After being processed by digital signal digital filtering, comprehensive analysis of Electromagnetic digital signal waveform feature, determines whether the signal received dodges
The signal of telecommunication, if receive is not lightning signal, ignores；If lightning signal is then distinguished cloud and is dodged and Ground flash, by lightning
Time carries out gps clock synchronization, provides the accurate lightning time.
As shown in Figure 6, the analogue signal conversion that the channel processing module 5 received is exported by lightning signal discrimination module 6
Become digital signal, then discriminate whether it is lightning signal.Lightning signal discrimination module 6 is integrated with high-speed AD control module 61, number
According to buffer unit 62, Digital smooth filtering module 63, lightning judges processing unit 64 etc..High-speed AD control module 61 receives channel
The analogue signal of processing module 5 output, converts analog signals into digital signal, and high-speed AD control module 61 uses 12Bit to divide
Resolution, picking rate are in the A/D chip of more than 60MSPS, it is ensured that the digital waveform energy full backup analogue signal collected.Data
The input of buffer unit 62 connects the outfan of high-speed AD control module 61.The outfan of data buffer storage unit 62 connects numeral
The input of smothing filtering module 63, the outfan of Digital smooth filtering module 63 connects lightning and judges processing unit 64.Data
Buffer unit 62 caches the digital signal of high-speed AD control module 61 output, and then the data of caching are transferred to digital smoothness filter
Mode block 63；Digital smooth filtering module 63 extracts data from data buffer storage unit 62, digital signal carries out smothing filtering, so
After the digital data transmission after smothing filtering is judged processing unit 64 to lightning；Lightning judges that processing unit 64 is by smothing filtering
After digital signal comprehensively analyze, extract electromagnetic field digital signal waveform feature, check whether to meet lightning wave character,
Judge whether it is lightning signal.If receive is not lightning signal, ignore；If lightning signal, then distinguish Yun Shanhe
Ground flash, dodges cloud or Ground flash information is sent to clock synchronization module 7.Clock synchronization module 7 receives lightning signal and differentiates
The lightning information that module 6 is given, judges that to lightning the cloud that processing unit 64 provides dodges and the Ground flash time carries out gps clock together
Step, provides the accurate lightning time.
Described lightning signal discrimination module 6 uses the mode that FPGA device and DSP device combine, and FPGA device has
Abundant gate resource, utilizes FPGA to be built with high speed digital interface control circuit, Digital Logic judging circuit, DSP device
Carry out the Digital Signal Processing of lightning waveform.Lightning signal discrimination module 6 is according to the 3 road field signals received and 1 road electric field
Signal carries out comprehensive descision, it is determined that the waveform received is cloud sudden strain of a muscle, Ground flash or noise signal.
The distinguishing rule that Ground flash and cloud are dodged by lightning signal discrimination module 6 is as follows:
As electromagnetic field signal meets the index of following 1 criterion, then it is judged to that cloud dodges:
(1) vertical magnetic field port number character waveform meets 8/20 μ s lightning current waveform.
All meet the index of following 4 criterions such as electromagnetic field signal, be then judged to Ground flash:
(1) magnetic field channel digital waveform in north-south meets 8/20 μ s lightning current waveform；
(2) East and West direction magnetic field channel digital waveform meets 8/20 μ s lightning current waveform；
(3) electric field channel digital waveform meets 8/20 μ s lightning current waveform；
(4) non-cloud is dodged.
Clock synchronization module 7 uses high precision GPS clock to synchronize, 10MHz constant-temperature crystal oscillator, it is provided that counting clock, it is ensured that time
Between precision reach 100nS.
Lightning signal, after clock synchronization module 7, determines the lock in time of lightning GPS, is then sent out by Lightning data
Toward Data processing center station 20.
Data processing center station 20 receives the data that each detection substation is uploaded, and is respectively stored into not according to data type
With Lightning data storehouse in, utilize simultaneously space Direction Finding Algorithm and three-dimensional Shicha algorithm calculate lightning three-dimensional geographical position and
It is also stored into after time in Lightning data storehouse.Lightning data storehouse include detecting substation status data, detection substation Lightning data and
Lightning location result data.The status data of detection substation is the operation monitoring each detection substation for remote central station in real time
State: as normal in acquisition station, acquisition station state disappearance, acquisition station background noise exceed standard, acquisition station fault etc.；The sudden strain of a muscle of detection substation
Electricity data include the Wave data of lightning, the GPS absolute time of lightning, the longitude and latitude of acquisition station, lightning types etc.；Lightning is fixed
Time of lightning that position result data includes positioning out, longitude and latitude, highly, intensity, location mode, position error, lightning class
Type etc..
Described three-dimensional Shicha algorithm is: radiation source is carried out fixed by the time of arrival (toa) utilizing multiple observation station to receive
Position.
In the full lightning detecting locating system of known three-dimensional, the locus of each detection substation is (xi, yi, zi), lightning signal
The time arriving each detection substation is ti, i=0,1,2,3 ... N-1.Wherein i=0 represents main website, i=1,2,3 ... N-1 represents secondary
Stand.If the position that lightning occurs is that (x, y, z), the distance of lightning signal to main website is R0, the distance arriving secondary station is Ri, three-dimensional
Positioning using TDOA equation can be written as:
I=1 in formula, 2,3 ... N-1, equation includes x, y, z, tetra-unknown quantitys of t, therefore according to four detection substations
The data received can solve this four unknown quantitys, obtains the location and time that lightning occurs.
The present invention utilizes VLF/LF UHF band reception antenna, it is achieved cloud dodges, Ground flash synchronous monitoring.Utilize multiple by VLF/LF
Reception antenna system, multichannel channel acquisition processing system, FPGA dodge data identification processing system, gps clock synchronization system etc.
The full lightning detection substation constituted, completes the sudden strain of a muscle of VLF/LF frequency range cloud, the reception of Ground flash signal, analyzes, processes and transmit.System
The lightning information that system central station processing system is uploaded according to multiple VLF/LF detection substation, utilizes the 3D-TOA algorithm spoke to lightning
The source of penetrating carries out accurate three-dimensional location, simultaneously by positioning result three dimensional display in GIS-Geographic Information System, it is achieved the reality of three-dimensional lightning
Time monitoring and early warning, equipment running monitoring, data information and service product the function such as share, for carry out lightning monitoring and warning,
Lightning Disaster investigation and Lightning Strike Risk Evaluation etc. provide general application platform.
Utilize VLF/LF to measure Ground flash, VHF measures cloud and dodges, and the two system synchronization is merged, also can reach measurement complete
The purpose of lightning.But the present invention only uses an antenna system, adds a road vertical magnetic field metering system and can complete entirely
The measurement of lightning, is more convenient for realizing, and has more preferable concordance.
Claims (7)
1. one kind based on the three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system of VLF/LF, it is characterised in that: described detecting and locating system comprises
Detection substation that one data processing centre station (20) is arranged on diverse location with N number of (11,12 ..., 1N), N >=4；N number of spy
Survey substation Y-type layout；Wide area network is accessed by wired route (31) or wireless base station (32) in N number of detection substation, passes through wide area network
Transmit data to data-centric (20), data-centric (20) receive each detection substation (11,12 ..., 1N)
After detection data, by three-dimensional lightning location algorithm, obtain the three-dimensional position of lightning radiation source.
It is the most according to claim 1 based on the three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system of VLF/LF, it is characterised in that: described spy
Survey substation and include that VLF/LF antenna acquisition module (4), channel processing module (5), lightning signal discrimination module (6), clock synchronize
Module (7), and data transmission blocks (8)；
The input of outfan connecting channel processing module (5) of VLF/LF antenna acquisition module (4), channel processing module (5)
Outfan connect the input of lightning signal discrimination module (6), the outfan of lightning signal discrimination module (6) connect clock with
The input of step module (7), the outfan of clock synchronization module (7) connect the input of data transmission blocks (8), and data send
Module (8) by wired or wirelessly will process after data be sent to Data processing center station (20)；
VLF/LF antenna acquisition module (4) is transferred to channel processing module (5) after gathering magnetic field, electric field, gps signal；At channel
Reason module (5) is transferred to lightning signal discrimination module (6) by after the signal processing of each road；Lightning signal discrimination module (6) is according to cloud
After sudden strain of a muscle feature, Ground flash feature decision go out cloud sudden strain of a muscle, Ground flash, lightning signal is stamped time tag by clock synchronization module (7), passes
Being defeated by data transmission blocks (8), Lightning data is mail to Data processing center station (20) by data transmission blocks (8).
It is the most according to claim 2 based on the three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system of VLF/LF, it is characterised in that: described
VLF/LF antenna acquisition module (4) includes magnetic field antenna, electric field antenna and gps antenna (46)；Described electric field antenna is by two pieces
Capacity plate antenna (44,45) forms；Two pieces of capacity plate antennas (44,45) are the most positioned opposite, cloth between two pieces of capacity plate antennas (44,45)
It is equipped with 4 pillars (47), supports fixing by 4 pillars (47) and fastening screw (48)；Gps antenna (46) is held within
On first capacity plate antenna (44) in portion；Magnetic field antenna is fixed on the lateral surface of pillar (47)；When electric field antenna measures lightning generation
Electric field signal；Gps antenna (46) gather GPS system pair time signal.
It is the most according to claim 3 based on the three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system of VLF/LF, it is characterised in that: described magnetic
Field antenna is by measuring magnetic field, north-south loop antenna (41) and East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna (42) of horizontal magnetic field, measuring vertical direction
Magnetic field loop antenna (43) forms；Magnetic field, north-south loop antenna (41), East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna (42) and vertical direction magnetic field ring
Antenna (43) pairwise orthogonal；Magnetic field, north-south loop antenna (41), East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna (42) and ring sky, vertical direction magnetic field
Line (43) is separately fixed at the outer surface of three pillars (47)；Magnetic field, north-south loop antenna (41) overlaps with geographical north-south, east
West overlaps with geographical East and West direction to magnetic field loop antenna (42), vertical direction magnetic field loop antenna (43) and geographical plane-parallel；South
North orientation magnetic field loop antenna (41), East and West direction magnetic field loop antenna (42), vertical direction magnetic field loop antenna (43) shape is identical, area
Identical, coil turn is identical, and channel gain is identical；Three magnetic field loop antennas measure the field signal of three-dimensional.
It is the most according to claim 3 based on the three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system of VLF/LF, it is characterised in that: composition is described
Two pieces of capacity plate antennas (44,45) of electric field antenna are the circuit board applying copper, and two pieces of circuit boards are all disposed with holding wire；First is flat
It is disposed with gps signal connecting line on plate electric capacity (44), the second capacity plate antenna (45) is disposed with north-south field signal line, thing
To field signal line, vertical magnetic field holding wire, gps signal line and electric field signal line, all holding wires all with bus run (49)
Connecting, bus run (49) is welded on the second capacity plate antenna (45), transmits the signal gathered extremely by bus run (49)
Signaling channel processing module (5).
It is the most according to claim 1 based on the three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system of VLF/LF, it is characterised in that: described base
Vertical channel magnetic-field measurement cloud glitch is used in the three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system of VLF/LF.
It is the most according to claim 1 based on the three-dimensional full lightning detecting locating system of VLF/LF, it is characterised in that: described
VLF/LF antenna acquisition module can detect cloud simultaneously and dodge and cloud-to-ground flash magnetostatic wave signal.
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| CN109085525A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2018-12-25 | 江苏省气象灾害防御技术中心 | A kind of Lighting position machine detection calibration system and method |
| CN109358314A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-02-19 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of discharge source positioning device and method based on magnetic field radiofrequency signal |
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| CN107966679A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-27 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | Very low frequency navigation Real-time Network based on cloud framework is formatted radio wave propagation modification method |
| CN109085525A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2018-12-25 | 江苏省气象灾害防御技术中心 | A kind of Lighting position machine detection calibration system and method |
| CN109358314A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-02-19 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of discharge source positioning device and method based on magnetic field radiofrequency signal |
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| CN111896795B (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2023-01-03 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Cloud lightning current waveform measuring method and system |
| CN111896795A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-06 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Cloud lightning current waveform measuring method and system |
| CN111880145A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-03 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | Radiation source time difference positioning method and device and electronic equipment |
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| CN112736495A (en) * | 2020-12-19 | 2021-04-30 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Very low frequency nuclear electromagnetic pulse receiving antenna |
| CN112881812B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-02-22 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Full-flash real-time positioning method and device based on machine learning coding |
| CN112881812A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-01 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Full-flash real-time positioning method and device based on machine learning coding |
| CN114034936A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-11 | 合肥佳讯科技有限公司 | Lightning positioning system and method based on distributed monitoring sites |
| CN116299111A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-06-23 | 中国气象局气象探测中心 | Lightning positioning instrument detection fault diagnosis instrument |
| CN116299111B (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-09-19 | 中国气象局气象探测中心 | Lightning positioning instrument detection fault diagnosis instrument |
| CN116449117A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Three-dimensional lightning positioning method suitable for complex terrain |
| CN116449117B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-08-15 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Three-dimensional lightning positioning method suitable for complex terrain |
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