CN107356886A - Thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field data collecting system - Google Patents
Thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field data collecting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107356886A CN107356886A CN201710732943.7A CN201710732943A CN107356886A CN 107356886 A CN107356886 A CN 107356886A CN 201710732943 A CN201710732943 A CN 201710732943A CN 107356886 A CN107356886 A CN 107356886A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
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Abstract
A kind of thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field data collecting system, according to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law devise can induction lightening magnetic field antenna, according to the feature of cloud-to-ground flash magnetic field impulse, devise signal conditioning circuit and A/D change-over circuits, it is used as the controlling switch of Acquisition Circuit by two kinds of trigger modules, finally devises host computer interface using Qt.The paths synchronous acquisition of system three, time, azimuth and the changes of magnetic field waveform that thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field peak information, thunder and lightning can occur record, and pass through wireless network transmissions to host computer.The present invention can not only provide valid data for lighting location and Lightning Warning, by Important Parameters such as the three-dimensional magnetic field data inversion collected and peak value, waveform and the rise time of estimation lightning current a kind of new thinking can also be provided for indirect analysis lightning performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to weather monitoring technical field, and in particular to a kind of thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field data collecting system, due to
The characteristics of its low-power consumption, it can apply in the wild under conditions of left unguarded.
Background technology
Thunder and lightning is the electric discharge phenomena of air motion in nature, including cloud dodges and ground dodges, wherein threatening most human society
Big be dodge.When thunder and lightning occurs, not only transition can occur for atmospheric electric field, be accompanied by strong electromagnetic pulse, easily shadow
Ring current various electronics, the normal operation of electrical equipment.Therefore, comprehensive measurement of Lightning Electromagnetic Fields is carried out, can be that thunder and lightning is analyzed
Data needed for offer, it is significant for lighting location, Lightning Warning.
Lightning electromagnetic radiation field is mainly with low frequency/very low frequency（LF/VLF）Mode propagated along earth surface, according to it
The size of discharge energy, spread scope is up to hundreds of kms or farther.Produced by measuring discharge current electromagnetic radiation on the ground
Raw Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse（Lightning electromagnetic pulse, LEMP）Magnetic field and logical to lightning strike spot and electric discharge
Track pitch is from the indirect measurement of achievable lightning stream over the ground.With more than two quadrature coils, LEMP magnetic fields can not only be carried out
Measurement, can also be that thunder and lightning is positioned.Therefore, effective measurement to LEMP magnetic fields is to carry out the primary premise of lightning protection.
There are many, such as electromagnetic induction method, Pumping Magnetic Resonance Method, fluxgate method currently for the method for thunder and lightning magnetic-field measurement.In numerous measurements
In method, primarily directed to one-dimensional or two-dimentional magnetic-field measurement, obtained data are not comprehensive enough, it is difficult to sufficiently understanding thunder and lightning hair
Raw changing rule.Some thunder and lightning magnetic field measurement systems have directly used oscillograph to show field waveform, it can be seen that
The change waveform in magnetic field, but the size of magnetic field intensity can not accurately be measured.Traditional data acquisition is that industrial computer coordinates collection
Card is operated, and volume is big, and power consumption is big, is restricted when using in the wild.Recently as the development of embedded system, have
The advantages of small volume of single-chip microcomputer, low-power consumption, but function tends to PC CPU ARM microprocessor, is obtained extensively in many fields
Using.
The content of the invention
The present invention's is directed to deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field data collecting system.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field data collecting system, it is characterised in that including：Magnetic field induction antenna, master controller, signal are adjusted
Manage circuit, A/D change-over circuits, triggers circuit, radio receiver, GPS device, host computer and Metal shielding shell, main control
Device, signal conditioning circuit, A/D change-over circuits, triggers circuit, radio receiver, GPS device and host computer are installed in metal
Shield in shell；Induced electromotive force signal caused by magnetic field induction antenna measurement magnetic field, and transmit a signal to signal condition electricity
Road, signal conditioning circuit are connected with A/D change-over circuits and triggers circuit respectively, A/D change-over circuits, triggers circuit and GPS device
It is connected to master controller, operating switch of the triggers circuit as A/D change-over circuits, when triggers circuit detects thunder and lightning
When, master controller enables A/D change-over circuits, and the signal that the collection of A/D change-over circuits is nursed one's health by signal conditioning circuit is simultaneously converted to
Data signal, and data signal is sent to master controller, while GPS device records the time that thunder and lightning occurs and is sent to master control
Device processed, master controller are calculated data signal, and are transferred to host computer by radio receiver and are shown.
To optimize above-mentioned technical proposal, the concrete measure taken also includes：
Signal conditioning circuit includes pre-amplification circuit, filter circuit and the main amplifying circuit being sequentially connected, magnetic field induction antenna
The induced electromotive force signal of measurement first passes through pre-amplification circuit amplification and reaches set voltage request, then is passed by by filtered electrical
Noise filtering, finally carry out secondary amplification by main amplifying circuit.
Pre-amplification circuit uses operational amplifier A D817, and filter circuit uses band logical of the free transmission range for 1kHz-1MHz
Wave filter, main amplifying circuit are engaged using operational amplifier A D818 and multiplexer (MUX ADG5208, form 1-100 times
Programmable amplifier.
Magnetic field induction antenna uses internal and external conductor structure, and wherein inner wire is made up of three mutually orthogonal loop coils,
Coil is the copper cash with insulation sheath, and the outer conductor of each coil is by four sections of aluminum pipes of isolation interface connection, inner wire
Copper cash drawn by the gap location of aluminum pipe, be connected with preamplifier.
The area of each loop coil is 0.64m2, the number of turn 1.
Triggers circuit includes photoelectricity trigger module and threshold triggers module, and photoelectricity trigger module is sensed by photodiode
Electric current is produced after the light of lightning, is changed into voltage signal after I-V converters, after high-pass filter filter background noise,
Switch control is carried out by rear end voltage comparator；Threshold triggers module uses programming amplifying, if detecting the signal after amplification
More than threshold value, then the generation of thunder and lightning is judged.
When photoelectricity trigger module and threshold triggers module all judge to have thunder and lightning generation, master controller enables A/D conversion electricity
Road.
Master controller selects ARM11 core processors, and A/D change-over circuits use AD9248 chips.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The unattended environment in field can be placed in, small volume is low in energy consumption, is surveyed for multiple spot
It is lighter to measure use；It is acquired, effectively the LEMP magnetic fields within 1MHz bandwidth can be carried out comprehensive simultaneously by three paths
Measurement；Can intuitively observe lightning information by host computer, including the peak information of three-dimensional magnetic field, thunder and lightning occur time,
The azimuth of thunder and lightning and the changes of magnetic field waveform of thunder and lightning, effective front-end technology is provided for lighting location and Lightning Warning
Support.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system principle diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the antenna structure view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the working-flow figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further explained in detail.
Thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field data collecting system as shown in Figure 1, mainly includes：Magnetic field induction antenna, master controller, letter
Number modulate circuit, A/D change-over circuits, triggers circuit, radio receiver, GPS device, host computer and Metal shielding shell, are removed
Part beyond magnetic field induction antenna is installed in Metal shielding shell, and Metal shielding shell not only plays protection to system and made
With when the anti-locking system of and can works, Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse brings interference to system.Feel caused by magnetic field induction antenna measurement magnetic field
Electromotive force signal is answered, and transmits a signal to signal conditioning circuit, signal conditioning circuit is electric with A/D change-over circuits and triggering respectively
Road is connected, and A/D change-over circuits, triggers circuit and GPS device are connected to master controller, and triggers circuit is as A/D change-over circuits
Operating switch, when triggers circuit detects that thunder and lightning occurs, master controller enables A/D change-over circuits, the collection of A/D change-over circuits
Signal by signal conditioning circuit conditioning is simultaneously converted to data signal, and data signal is sent into master controller, while GPS
Device is system time service, and the time that record thunder and lightning occurs simultaneously is sent to master controller, and master controller is calculated data signal,
And host computer is transferred to by radio receiver and shown.Next, the specific design of system components is described.
Magnetic field induction antenna
Electromagnetic pulse caused by thunder and lightning generation can be analyzed to three directions, i.e. thing, north and south and vertical direction.Therefore, design
Three mutually orthogonal loop coils gather the magnetic field intensity on different directions respectively, because antenna and signal processing circuit are apart
Farther out, some interference can be shielded using coaxial cable, reduces the error that transmitting procedure is brought.Antenna uses internal and external conductor knot
Structure, wherein inner wire are coil, and for the copper cash with insulation sheath, the outer conductor of ground connection is four sections of aluminum pipes, passes through isolation interface
Connection, the copper cash of inner wire are drawn by the gap location of aluminum pipe, are connected with preamplifier.Such Antenna Design is not only significantly
Interference of the electric field to magnetic-field measurement at aluminum pipe shielding measuring point is reduced, and is led because aluminum pipe can not be formed by isolation interface connection
Electric loop, so that it is guaranteed that reception of the copper coil to magnetic field signal in pipe.Because the number of turn N and area S of coil influence antenna
Sensitivity and measurement frequency band, and have functional relation with inductance L, each area coil is designed as 0.64m here2, the number of turn is
1。
Antenna simplification figure is as shown in Fig. 2 coil 1 measures the magnetic field of North and South direction, and similarly, coil 2,3 measures thing respectively
With the magnetic field of vertical direction, the dotted line in figure represents support.Within the specific limits, electricity caused by atmospheric electrical phenomena occurs for anywhere
Magnetic field impulse can all pass through coil, and electromotive force V is produced by the magnetic flux of coil 1,2NSAnd VEW, calculate arctan（VNS/VEW）
The azimuth that thunder and lightning occurs is drawn, traditional Lightning Location Method, is exactly that more than two detection systems are installed in detection place,
Can be to be positioned to thunder and lightning.Here, can be B directly using the peak magnetic field of thing and North and South directionEWAnd BNS, pass through
Calculate arctan（BNS/BEW）Can be to draw the azimuth of thunder and lightning.
Master controller
The system is the measurement to electromagnetic pulse caused by thunder and lightning generation, and because magnetic field is transition, and frequency arrives in 1kHz
Between 1MHz, it is necessary to using sensitive sensor and the processor of high speed, could effectively be gathered, therefore, processor choosing
With ARM11 microprocessors.
Signal conditioning circuit
The signal that antenna collects will be by can just be sent to A/D change-over circuits after signal condition, signal conditioning circuit is included successively
Connected preposition amplification, filtering and main amplifying circuit, the induced electromotive force signal of magnetic field induction antenna measurement first pass through preceding storing
Big circuit amplification reaches set voltage request, then crosses noise filtering by filter circuit, finally carries out two by main amplifying circuit
Secondary amplification.It is very suitable as preamplifier, low cost, the high speed operation amplifier of low-power consumption using operational amplifier A D817
Close the application of signal condition and data acquisition.Bandpass filter, free transmission range 1kHz-1MHz are designed by AD827.With
AD818 operational amplifiers, it is used cooperatively with multiplexer (MUX ADG5208, constitutes 1-100 times of programmable amplifier.
A/D change-over circuits
A/D conversion portions are the cores that analog signal interacts with processor, using AD9248 chips, and coordinate data buffer storage
Device, ensure the stable transmission after data conversion.AD9248 chips are signally attached to after secondary amplification, modulus is carried out and turns
Change.
Triggers circuit
Generally thunder and lightning will not occur always, if systems stay is acquired work, not only waste energy consumption, and store
Space is easy to be filled spilling, can not continue to obtain effective data.Therefore design triggers circuit, as subsequent acquisition circuit
（That is A/D change-over circuits）Operating switch, when receiving the signal of not up to trigger signal requirement, A/D change-over circuits do not work,
Guarantee system endurance.Triggers circuit is divided into two kinds, and one kind is photoelectricity triggering, another kind be by judging secondary amplification after
Whether signal has reached threshold value and then triggering.
Photoelectricity triggers：Photodiode produces electric current after sensing the light of lightning, is changed into voltage letter after I-V converters
Number.Because system is operated in wild environment, so the sunshine that earth's surface and cloud layer reflection are unavoidably had when daytime is brought
Ambient noise, but ambient noise is different in frequency distribution from the energy of thunder and lightning signal, and height can be used using this point
Bandpass filter filters ambient noise, is used for carrying out switch control by rear end voltage comparator.
Threshold triggers：Main amplifying circuit is programming amplifying, and minimum multiplication factor is selected after initialization, if after detecting amplification
Signal be more than threshold value, then judge may have thunder and lightning.
During work, only when both of which is judged as having thunder and lightning generation, processor just produces interruption, enables A/D cores
Piece, make Acquisition Circuit（That is A/D change-over circuits）Start working.
In addition, system can also use solar storage battery to be powered for power supply, increase the endurance of system.
The workflow of system carries out system initialization, by system as shown in figure 3, brought into operation after system electrification first
Pin, interruption, timer needed for operation etc. are configured.Equipment detection is carried out after being connected with host computer, if host computer is shown
" equipment successful connection ", then start waiting for trigger signal.When trigger signal produces interruption, comparator judges whether signal reaches A/
D chip input ranges, if reaching input requirements, processor enables A/D chips immediately, and sends clock signal, carries out A/D and turns
Change, otherwise increase multiplication factor step by step, until reaching A/D chip input requirements.After reaching preset time, disable A/D chips, turns
Change end.Data signal after conversion is sent to host computer after processor calculates and shown, is returned to waiting for after the completion of a cycle
Trigger signal state.
Compared to traditional LEMP magnetic field measurement systems, the system can be placed in the unattended environment in field, small volume, work(
Consume low, during for multimetering, use is lighter.System is acquired simultaneously by three paths, is shown through theoretical research, can
Effectively the LEMP magnetic fields within 1MHz bandwidth are comprehensively measured.Lightning information can be intuitively observed by host computer, is wrapped
The peak information of three-dimensional magnetic field, the time that thunder and lightning occurs, the azimuth of thunder and lightning and the changes of magnetic field waveform of thunder and lightning are included, can not only
Valid data are provided for lighting location and Lightning Warning, the three-dimensional magnetic field data inversion collected and estimation thunder and lightning can also be passed through
The Important Parameters such as peak value, waveform and the rise time of stream, a kind of new thinking is provided for indirect analysis lightning performance.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment,
All technical schemes belonged under thinking of the present invention belong to protection scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, the protection of the present invention should be regarded as
Scope.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field data collecting system, it is characterised in that including：Magnetic field induction antenna, master controller, signal Modulate circuit, A/D change-over circuits, triggers circuit, radio receiver, GPS device, host computer and Metal shielding shell, master control Device, signal conditioning circuit, A/D change-over circuits, triggers circuit, radio receiver, GPS device and host computer processed are installed in gold In category shielding shell；Induced electromotive force signal caused by magnetic field induction antenna measurement magnetic field, and transmit a signal to signal condition Circuit, signal conditioning circuit are connected with A/D change-over circuits and triggers circuit respectively, A/D change-over circuits, triggers circuit and GPS dresses Put and be connected to master controller, operating switch of the triggers circuit as A/D change-over circuits, when triggers circuit detects thunder and lightning When, master controller enables A/D change-over circuits, and the signal that the collection of A/D change-over circuits is nursed one's health by signal conditioning circuit is simultaneously converted to Data signal, and data signal is sent to master controller, while GPS device records the time that thunder and lightning occurs and is sent to master control Device processed, master controller are calculated data signal, and are transferred to host computer by radio receiver and are shown.
- A kind of 2. thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field as claimed in claim 1 data collecting system, it is characterised in that：Signal conditioning circuit bag Include the pre-amplification circuit being sequentially connected, filter circuit and main amplifying circuit, the induced electromotive force letter of magnetic field induction antenna measurement Number first pass through pre-amplification circuit amplification and reach set voltage request, then noise filtering is crossed by filter circuit, finally by master Amplifying circuit carries out secondary amplification.
- A kind of 3. thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field as claimed in claim 2 data collecting system, it is characterised in that：Pre-amplification circuit is adopted With operational amplifier A D817, filter circuit uses bandpass filter of the free transmission range for 1kHz-1MHz, and main amplifying circuit uses Operational amplifier A D818 and multiplexer (MUX ADG5208 are engaged, and form 1-100 times of programmable amplifier.
- A kind of 4. thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field as claimed in claim 2 data collecting system, it is characterised in that：Magnetic field induction antenna is adopted With internal and external conductor structure, wherein inner wire is made up of three mutually orthogonal loop coils, and coil is the copper with insulation sheath Line, the outer conductor of each coil are the four sections of aluminum pipes connected by isolation interface, the gap location that the copper cash of inner wire passes through aluminum pipe Draw, be connected with preamplifier.
- A kind of 5. thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field as claimed in claim 4 data collecting system, it is characterised in that：Each loop coil Area is 0.64m2, the number of turn 1.
- A kind of 6. thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field as claimed in claim 1 data collecting system, it is characterised in that：Triggers circuit includes light Electric trigger module and threshold triggers module, photoelectricity trigger module produce electric current after the light of lightning is sensed by photodiode, pass through It is changed into voltage signal after crossing I-V converters, after high-pass filter filter background noise, is carried out by rear end voltage comparator Switch control；Threshold triggers module uses programming amplifying, if detecting, the signal after amplification is more than threshold value, judges the hair of thunder and lightning It is raw.
- A kind of 7. thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field as claimed in claim 6 data collecting system, it is characterised in that：When photoelectricity trigger module When all judging to have thunder and lightning generation with threshold triggers module, master controller enables A/D change-over circuits.
- A kind of 8. thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field as claimed in claim 1 data collecting system, it is characterised in that：Master controller selects ARM11 core processors, A/D change-over circuits use AD9248 chips.
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| CN201710732943.7A CN107356886A (en) | 2017-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | Thunder and lightning three-dimensional magnetic field data collecting system |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109100577A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-28 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of remote lightening detection system and method |
| CN109459619A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-12 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of real-time acquisition and Transmission system of thunder and lightning magnetic field pulse signal |
| CN111896795A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-06 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Cloud lightning current waveform measuring method and system |
| CN117890846A (en) * | 2024-03-13 | 2024-04-16 | 南京信息工程大学 | Signal simulator for lightning data acquisition |
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| CN111896795A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-06 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Cloud lightning current waveform measuring method and system |
| CN111896795B (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2023-01-03 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Cloud lightning current waveform measuring method and system |
| CN117890846A (en) * | 2024-03-13 | 2024-04-16 | 南京信息工程大学 | Signal simulator for lightning data acquisition |
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