CN117890846A - Signal simulator for lightning data acquisition - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a signal simulator for lightning data acquisition, which comprises a simulated lightning signal generating device, an upper computer and a lightning detection device, wherein the lightning detection device comprises an antenna module, an acquisition board module and a main control board module, and the antenna module is used for acquiring lightning simulation signals and transmitting the lightning simulation signals to the acquisition board module; the acquisition board module is used for converting the lightning analog signals into digital signals and transmitting the digital signals to the main control board module; the main control board module is used for receiving the digital signals and outputting the time signals, packaging the digital signals and the time signals and transmitting the digital signals and the time signals to the upper computer; the upper computer realizes the positioning of thunder and lightning by using the digital signal and the time signal. The invention can approximately output the waveform and the magnetic field generated when the thunder and lightning happens, effectively calculate the time precision of the thunder and lightning positioning instrument through GPS accurate time service, and better help the instrument to complete the work of thunder and lightning data acquisition and positioning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lightning detection, in particular to a signal simulator for lightning data acquisition.
Background
Lightning is a common natural phenomenon, and may cause a certain damage to buildings, electronic equipment and the like on the ground when lightning occurs. Lightning causes strong changes in the electromagnetic field, which changes, however, can only be observed by means of an instrument. On the basis, the lightning can be positioned by utilizing the recorded related data through a lightning positioning algorithm. The accuracy of the acquired data determines the accuracy of positioning, so that the high-accuracy lightning electromagnetic field waveform data are acquired and recorded by using an advanced instrument, and the positioning of the lightning has quite important significance for researching the physical properties and activity rules of the lightning.
The lightning positioning instrument is a device for detecting lightning, and the space position and parameters of lightning discharge are determined by measuring the acoustic, optical and electrical characteristics of lightning radiation. Time accuracy is one of important indexes for measuring accuracy of the lightning positioning instrument, and generally, equipment can be effectively debugged and calibrated by placing the equipment in an actual working environment and performing multiple experiments. However, the lightning positioner has special working environment and cannot be calibrated at any time. Therefore, the system capable of generating the simulated lightning signal for the lightning positioning instrument to effectively test is designed and has high practical value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a signal simulator for lightning data acquisition.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a signal simulator for lightning data acquisition, which comprises a lightning simulation signal generating device, an upper computer and at least two lightning detection devices, wherein the lightning simulation signal generating device is used for generating lightning simulation signals, and the lightning detection devices are used for acquiring the lightning simulation signals, processing the lightning simulation signals and then sending the processed lightning simulation signals to the upper computer;
the lightning detection device comprises an antenna module, a collecting board module and a main control board module, wherein the antenna module is used for collecting lightning analog signals and transmitting the lightning analog signals to the collecting board module; the acquisition board module is used for converting the lightning analog signals into digital signals and transmitting the digital signals to the main control board module; the main control board module is used for receiving the digital signals and outputting the time signals, packaging the digital signals and the time signals and transmitting the digital signals and the time signals to the upper computer; the upper computer realizes the positioning of thunder and lightning by using the digital signal and the time signal.
Further, the simulated lightning signal generating device comprises a vertical support, an annular coil, a discharge tip and a ground leading end, wherein the annular coil is fixed at the top of the vertical support, the discharge tip is fixed at the outer side of the annular coil, and the ground leading end and the vertical support are both placed on the ground.
Further, the antenna module comprises 4 magnetic induction coils and 4 antenna processing circuits, each magnetic induction coil is electrically connected with the input end of the corresponding antenna processing circuit, and the output end of the antenna processing circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the acquisition board module; two of the 4 magnetic induction coils are orthogonal in the north-south direction, the other two magnetic induction coils are orthogonal in the east-west direction, and the antenna module is arranged inside the insulating protective cover.
Further, each antenna processing circuit comprises an inverting proportion amplifying circuit and a low-pass filter circuit, wherein the input end of the inverting proportion amplifying circuit is electrically connected with the corresponding magnetic induction coil, and the output end of the inverting proportion amplifying circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the low-pass filter circuit.
Further, the acquisition board module comprises a complex programmable logic device CPLD, an analog-to-digital conversion control circuit and a four-channel signal conditioning circuit; the input end of each signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected with the output end of the corresponding low-pass filter circuit, the output end of each signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit, the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the CPLD, and the output end of the CPLD is electrically connected with the main control board module through the field programmable gate array sandwich card FMC interface.
Further, the signal conditioning circuit comprises a voltage division limiting circuit and a differential amplifying circuit, wherein the input end of the voltage division limiting circuit is electrically connected with the output end of the low-pass filter circuit, the output end of the voltage division limiting circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the differential amplifying circuit, and the output end of the differential amplifying circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit.
Further, the main control board module comprises a single chip microcomputer, a GPS module, a network communication module and a power interface, wherein a first input end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the CPLD through the FMC interface, a second input end of the single chip microcomputer is electrically connected with the GPS module, and the single chip microcomputer is mutually in communication connection with the network communication module.
Further, the lightning detection device also comprises a power supply module, and the power supply module is respectively connected with the acquisition board module, the main control board module and the singlechip to supply power.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
compared with the existing computer-based lightning positioning system, the invention has the advantages of integration, portability, easy placement in the field and the like; according to the invention, the working pressure of signal conditioning of the acquisition board is reduced by adding the antenna processing circuit, so that the system is protected; by adding the CPLD, the serial transmission of the data is converted into parallel transmission, the data transmission rate is improved, the time for the system to receive the data is shortened, and the accurate timing of 10ns level is realized by combining the second pulse function of the GPS module, so that the positioning precision is improved; through the design to the host computer, realize remote control thunder and lightning positioning system, real-time supervision, real-time control, convenient operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of signal transmission of a lightning detection device according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lightning signal generation device according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lightning detection device according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an antenna processing circuit in an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an inverting proportional amplifying circuit in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a low pass filter circuit in an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the acquisition board module in an embodiment;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a main control board module in an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the location of lightning occurrence areas in an embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the location of lightning occurrence points in an embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the combined method positioning in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The signal simulator for lightning data acquisition comprises a lightning simulation signal generating device, an upper computer and at least two lightning detection devices, wherein the lightning simulation signal generating device is used for generating lightning simulation signals, and the lightning detection devices are used for acquiring the lightning simulation signals, processing the lightning simulation signals and then sending the processed lightning simulation signals to the upper computer;
as shown in fig. 1, which is a signal transmission schematic diagram of a lightning detection device, the lightning detection device comprises an antenna module, a collecting board module and a main control board module, wherein the antenna module is used for collecting lightning analog signals and transmitting the lightning analog signals to the collecting board module; the acquisition board module is used for converting the lightning analog signals into digital signals and transmitting the digital signals to the main control board module; the main control board module is used for receiving the digital signals and outputting the time signals, packaging the digital signals and the time signals and transmitting the digital signals and the time signals to the upper computer; the upper computer realizes the positioning of thunder and lightning by using the digital signal and the time signal.
Further, the lightning detection device also comprises a power supply module, and the power supply module is respectively connected with the acquisition board module, the main control board module and the singlechip to supply power.
As shown in fig. 2, the lightning signal generating device comprises a ring coil 23, a discharge tip 24, a ground leading end 25 and a vertical support 26, wherein the ring coil 23 is fixed on the top of the vertical support 26, the discharge tip 24 is fixed on the outer side of the ring coil 23, and the ground leading end 25 and the vertical support 26 are both placed on the ground 27.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic structural diagram of the lightning detection device, the lightning detection device further comprises a support pipe column 6 and a device placement box 3, the insulation protection cover 1 is installed on the top of the support pipe column 6, and the antenna module is installed in the insulation protection cover 1; the support pipe column 6 is a hollow pipe column, the device placement box 3 is fixedly arranged on the upper half part in the support pipe column 6, and the acquisition board module 13 and the main control board module 7 are placed in the device placement box 3; the power module is mounted in the lower half of the support string 6. The antenna module comprises 4 magnetic induction coils 2 and 4 antenna processing circuits 19, each magnetic induction coil 2 is electrically connected with the input end of the corresponding antenna processing circuit 19, and the output end of the antenna processing circuit 19 is electrically connected with the input end of the acquisition board module 13; two magnetic induction coils 2 in the 4 magnetic induction coils 2 are orthogonal in the north-south direction, and the other two magnetic induction coils 2 are orthogonal in the east-west direction. Because the induced voltage signal directly generated by the magnetic induction coil 2 is weak and the signal bandwidth is too large, the induced voltage signal cannot be directly input into the acquisition board module 13, in order to reduce the working pressure of signal conditioning of the acquisition board module 13, the system designs an antenna processing circuit 19 to adjust the signal before the signal is input into the acquisition board module 13 so as to protect the system. The power module comprises a power circuit, a solar panel 5, a storage battery 4 and a power conversion circuit, wherein the solar panel 5 is arranged outside the lightning detection device body and is electrically connected with the storage battery 4 through the power circuit, and the solar panel 5 is used for converting solar energy into electric energy; the storage battery 4 and the power supply conversion circuit are arranged in the support pipe column 6, and the storage battery 4 is electrically connected with the acquisition board module 13 and the main control board module 7 through the power supply conversion circuit.
As shown in fig. 4, each antenna processing circuit 19 includes an inverting proportional amplifying circuit 20 and a low-pass filter circuit 21, wherein an input end of the inverting proportional amplifying circuit 20 is electrically connected to the corresponding magnetic induction coil 2, and an output end of the inverting proportional amplifying circuit 20 is electrically connected to an input end of the low-pass filter circuit 21.
As shown in fig. 5, the circuit diagram of the inverting proportional amplifying circuit 20 is shown, the inverting proportional amplifying circuit 20 adopts an AD847 as an operational amplifier, the input end takes the signal received by the antenna as an inverting input, the polarity of the output end is opposite to that of the input end, the input signal is amplified and output in an inverting manner, R5 in the circuit is a grounding resistor, R6 and R7 are feedback resistors, and the capacitors C3 and C4 are used for counteracting phase movement, so as to reduce self-oscillation.
As shown in fig. 6, a circuit diagram of a low-pass filter circuit 21 is shown, the low-pass filter circuit 21 adopts an AD741 as an operational amplifier, the signal bandwidth is changed, a very low frequency (1-300 kHz) magnetic field signal is collected, the circuit is a voltage-controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit, an antenna signal is used as a voltage-controlled voltage source, signals in a required frequency range are transmitted through the second-order low-pass filter, high-frequency noise and interference signals are filtered, and the cut-off frequency is determined by a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2, and the amplification factor is determined by R3 and R4.
As shown in fig. 7, the acquisition board module 13 is shown in a schematic structure, and the acquisition board module 13 includes a complex programmable logic device CPLD 16, an analog-to-digital conversion control circuit 17, a four-channel signal conditioning circuit 18, and a second FMC interface 15; the input end of each signal conditioning circuit 18 is electrically connected with the output end of the corresponding low-pass filter circuit 21, the output end of each signal conditioning circuit 18 is electrically connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit 17, the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit 17 is electrically connected with the input end of the complex programmable logic device CPLD 16, and the output end of the complex programmable logic device CPLD 16 is electrically connected with the main control board module 7 through the field programmable gate array interlayer card FMC interface. The main control board module 7 is spliced with the acquisition board module 13 through an FMC interface, the acquisition board is a male head on the upper side, and the main control board is a female head on the lower side, so that the two boards are spliced together. The four corners of the acquisition board module 13 are provided with first holes 14, and the first holes 14 and the second holes 11 of the master control board template 7 are fastened by studs and fixed together to prevent the acquisition board module 13 from falling.
The signal conditioning circuit 18 is electrically connected to the 4 antenna processing circuits 19 of the antenna module in a one-to-one correspondence, and the signal conditioning circuit 18 includes a voltage dividing and limiting circuit and a differential amplifying circuit, and since the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit 17 of the subsequent received signal needs differential input, it is necessary to convert the analog signal into the differential signal and condition it to a proper amplitude. The 4-channel signal conditioning circuit 18 is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit 17, in this embodiment, the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit 17 uses a 16-bit four-way analog-to-digital conversion chip LTC2325 produced by Linear corporation as an analog-to-digital conversion chip of the data acquisition board, and is electrically connected to the complex programmable logic device CPLD 16, the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit 17 converts the signal into a digital signal, and a clock of 16Mhz is required to be provided for reading the signal, and in this embodiment, the complex programmable logic device CPLD 16 is used for controlling and reading. The CPLD has better logic property, and can accelerate the response time of the program, so that the system program can run more stably. In this embodiment, the acquisition board main control CPLD selects a MAX II series CPLD chip EPM570T100C5N developed by Altera corporation, and its signal input end is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit 17, and its signal output end is electrically connected to the second FMC interface 15. Since the data input from the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit 17 is serial data, there is a limit to the speed, and in order to increase the transmission speed, it is necessary to convert the serial data into parallel data. In the system, 16-bit data are transmitted in series for 16 times, and the 16-bit data are transmitted once after the complex programmable logic device CPLD 16 is converted into parallel in series, namely the whole 16-bit data can be transmitted once, so that the data transmission efficiency is effectively improved. Because the application scene of the system is in the field, in order to reduce the system resource waste and reduce the system energy consumption, the automatic detection and transmission of data are realized through threshold monitoring, namely, a detection threshold is set, when lightning occurs, the antenna module detects that a magnetic field in the air changes in a large range, after the antenna processing circuit and the signal conditioning circuit process, the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit 17 converts the analog quantity of the change of the magnetic field into digital quantity and transmits the digital quantity to the complex programmable logic device CPLD 16, when the CPLD judges that the value of the digital quantity is out of the set threshold range, the detected information is transmitted to the main control board module through the FMC interface, and otherwise, the detected information is not transmitted.
The signal conditioning circuit comprises a voltage division limiting circuit and a differential amplifying circuit, wherein the input end of the voltage division limiting circuit is electrically connected with the output end of the low-pass filter circuit, the output end of the voltage division limiting circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the differential amplifying circuit, and the output end of the differential amplifying circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit.
As shown in fig. 8, which is a schematic structural diagram of the main control board module 7, the main control board module 7 includes a single-chip microcomputer MCU 22, a GPS module 9, a network communication module 8 and a power interface 10, wherein a first input end of the single-chip microcomputer MCU 22 is connected with a complex programmable logic device CPLD 16 through a first FMC interface 12, a second input end of the single-chip microcomputer MCU 22 is electrically connected with the GPS module 9, and the MCUs are in communication connection with the network communication module 8. The MCU is electrically connected with the power module through the power interface 10 and supplies power to the acquisition board module 13. The network communication module 8 includes a W5500 ethernet network module and a dual serial server.
In this embodiment, the single-chip microcomputer MCU 22 adopts STM32F4 series single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer MCU 22 is connected with the acquisition board module 13 through the first FMC interface 12 to receive the information acquired by the acquisition board module 13. The GPS module 9 is electrically connected with the MCU 22, the PSS pin in the GPS module 9 can output accurate time pulse of 1s, and the hundred megameters counter combined with the MCU 22 divides 1s into one hundred megameters, so that time division of 10ns level is realized, and accurate time pulse of 10ns level is achieved. The time signal is sent to the MCU 22, the MCU 22 packages the acquisition signal and the time signal, and sends the signals to the upper computer through the network communication module 8. The network communication module 8 mainly comprises a W5500 Ethernet network module and a double serial port server.
The upper computer of the system is written by adopting QT programming language, the upper computer is connected with the main control board module through the network communication module 8, the network communication module 8 on the main control board module is provided with the W5500 Ethernet module, and the W5500 Ethernet module is used for carrying out data transmission with the upper computer, so that the detected lightning data can be received, analyzed, displayed and stored, the positioning of the lightning is realized according to a positioning algorithm, the remote adjustment is realized by modifying the threshold value triggering the detection through the upper computer, and the trouble of re-modifying the burning program is avoided. After the upper computer receives the data, the data are analyzed and stored and displayed in a waveform chart.
In this embodiment, in the signal generation and simulation system for lightning data acquisition, at least 2 lightning data acquisition devices are included, and any two lightning data acquisition bodies are placed in the field at intervals of 100KM-150 KM.
In this embodiment, the lightning occurrence position is determined according to the comprehensive lightning positioning generation, and the principle is shown in fig. 11, and the process is as follows:
1. determining the area range of lightning:
the direction angle of lightning is obtained by calculating the magnetic field intensity received by the antennas in the lightning detection device arranged by the 3 detection stations A, B, C, and the back striking position of the lightning can be calculated according to the direction angle. The antenna is composed of a ring coil which is orthogonal to the north-south direction and the east-west direction, the intensity of electromagnetic waves generated when lightning is received by the north-south direction and the east-west direction of the antenna is different, and the azimuth angle can be calculated through the ratio of the intensity to the size of the electromagnetic waves. The direction finding principle diagram is shown in fig. 9, and the measuring and calculating formula is as follows:
，
wherein,Xfor the antenna north-south coil to receive the electromagnetic wave intensity generated when thunder occurs,Ythe intensity of electromagnetic waves generated when lightning occurs is received by an antenna east-west coil;
2. determining the intersection point of the three curves in the area, and further determining the specific position of lightning:
the calculation is carried out by the time difference from the lightning to different detection stations, the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 10, and the calculation formula is as follows:
，
wherein,，/>，Cin order to achieve the light velocity, the light beam is,Dfor the distance between the AB probe stations,Tthe detection station detects when lightning has occurred,x、ythe parameters in the hyperbolic equation determined at these two points can be determined from the measured time differences. By connecting a detection station A with a detection station B as an abscissa, taking a perpendicular bisector as an ordinate, and assuming that the distance from an AB detection station to an origin is D/2, the two stations measure the difference in lightning occurrence time +.>The hyperbolic curve formula determined by the two points can be obtained through the measured time difference, and the like, the hyperbolic curve is drawn through the above formula according to the data measured by the number of 3 stations and more measuring stations, and the lightning occurrence position can be determined through the intersection point of the hyperbolic curve.
According to the comprehensive lightning positioning method provided by the invention, each detection station records the arrival time and direction of a lightning magnetic field, firstly, the area range of lightning is determined by a magnetic direction method, then, the intersection point of two curves in the area is determined by a time difference method, and the specific position of lightning is determined. The comprehensive method can accurately determine the specific position by only three stations, and has higher precision compared with the magnetic direction method and lower cost compared with the time difference method. In the comprehensive method, the position of the lightning stroke point is calculated and obtained mainly according to the time difference that the lightning stroke point reaches each detection station, the error is derived from the accuracy of the time difference and mainly depends on the GPS timing accuracy of different lightning locators, and the time synchronization accuracy of the method can reach the level of 10ns at most, so that the positioning accuracy can be further ensured; the antenna modules are designed to be placed in an orthogonal mode, and meanwhile, in order to induce magnetic field signals at different distances, the system uses two groups of antennas with different gains to induce signals with different energy attenuation.
Claims (8)
1. The signal simulator for lightning data acquisition is characterized by comprising a lightning simulation signal generating device, an upper computer and at least two lightning detection devices, wherein the lightning simulation signal generating device is used for generating lightning simulation signals, and the lightning detection devices are used for acquiring the lightning simulation signals, processing the lightning simulation signals and then sending the processed lightning simulation signals to the upper computer;
the lightning detection device comprises an antenna module, a collecting board module and a main control board module, wherein the antenna module is used for collecting lightning analog signals and transmitting the lightning analog signals to the collecting board module; the acquisition board module is used for converting the lightning analog signals into digital signals and transmitting the digital signals to the main control board module; the main control board module is used for receiving the digital signals and outputting the time signals, packaging the digital signals and the time signals and transmitting the digital signals and the time signals to the upper computer; the upper computer realizes the positioning of thunder and lightning by using the digital signal and the time signal.
2. The signal simulator for lightning data acquisition according to claim 1, wherein the simulated lightning signal generating device comprises a vertical support, a ring coil, a discharge tip and a ground leading end, wherein the ring coil is fixed at the top of the vertical support, the discharge tip is fixed at the outer side of the ring coil, and the ground leading end and the vertical support are both placed on the ground.
3. The signal simulator for lightning data collection of claim 1, wherein the antenna module comprises 4 magnetically induced coils and 4 antenna processing circuits, each magnetically induced coil being electrically connected to an input of a corresponding antenna processing circuit, an output of the antenna processing circuit being electrically connected to an input of the collection board module; two of the 4 magnetic induction coils are orthogonal in the north-south direction, the other two magnetic induction coils are orthogonal in the east-west direction, and the antenna module is arranged inside the insulating protective cover.
4. A signal simulator for lightning data collection according to claim 3, wherein each antenna processing circuit comprises an inverting proportional amplifying circuit and a low pass filter circuit, the input of the inverting proportional amplifying circuit being electrically connected to the corresponding magnetically sensitive coil, the output of the inverting proportional amplifying circuit being electrically connected to the input of the low pass filter circuit.
5. The signal simulator for lightning data collection according to claim 4, wherein the collection board module comprises a complex programmable logic device CPLD, an analog-to-digital conversion control circuit and a four-channel signal conditioning circuit; the input end of each signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected with the output end of the corresponding low-pass filter circuit, the output end of each signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit, the output end of the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the CPLD, and the output end of the CPLD is electrically connected with the main control board module through the field programmable gate array sandwich card FMC interface.
6. The signal simulator for lightning data collection according to claim 5, wherein the signal conditioning circuit comprises a voltage dividing and limiting circuit and a differential amplification circuit, wherein an input end of the voltage dividing and limiting circuit is electrically connected with an output end of the low-pass filter circuit, an output end of the voltage dividing and limiting circuit is electrically connected with an input end of the differential amplification circuit, and an output end of the differential amplification circuit is electrically connected with an input end of the analog-to-digital conversion control circuit.
7. The signal simulator for lightning data acquisition according to claim 6, wherein the main control board module comprises a single chip microcomputer, a GPS module, a network communication module and a power interface, a first input end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the CPLD through the FMC interface, a second input end of the single chip microcomputer is electrically connected with the GPS module, and the single chip microcomputer is mutually in communication connection with the network communication module.
8. The signal simulator for lightning data acquisition according to claim 1, wherein the lightning detection device further comprises a power module, and the power module is respectively connected with the acquisition board module, the main control board module and the single chip microcomputer.
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