CN101634701A - Very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system - Google Patents
Very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101634701A CN101634701A CN200910090117A CN200910090117A CN101634701A CN 101634701 A CN101634701 A CN 101634701A CN 200910090117 A CN200910090117 A CN 200910090117A CN 200910090117 A CN200910090117 A CN 200910090117A CN 101634701 A CN101634701 A CN 101634701A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lightning
- low frequency
- positioning system
- software
- data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system comprising at least four lightning positioning monitoring sites. A very-low frequency lightning radiation receiver, a computer and a GPS clock module are arranged in each lightning positioning monitoring site. The lightning positioning monitoring site continuously catches lightning pulse wave shapes and arrival absolute time thereof without intervals; the Internet realizes the transmission of each site data, a lightning electric field is utilized to change time difference that the radiation pulse arrives at each site, and computer software used for analyzing and processing the pulse is utilized to carry out two-dimension positioning and three-dimension positioning on a lightning discharge event and identify a discharge type. Under the cooperation of the hardware and the software, the system can be used for accurately determining the statistical properties of lightning frequency, discharge type and lightning parameter in an area and can carry out prewarning on thunder activities.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to meteorological observation equipment, be specifically related to very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system.
Background technology
Lightning is one of serious disaster, can cause forest and oil depot fire, cause power supply and communication information system fault or damage, and space flight and aviation, mine and hi-tech equipment that some are important and responsive etc. are had significant threat.After the eighties, the harm that lightning causes significantly increases, field particularly in close relations with new and high technology, as Aero-Space, national defence, communication, electric power, computing machine, electronics industry etc. because widespread use causes thunderstruck probability to increase greatly to the very responsive extensive and VLSI (very large scale integrated circuit) of lightning electromagnetic interference (EMI); According to conservative estimation, China surpasses several hundred million units because of the direct economic loss that damage to crops caused by thunder causes every year, and indirect economic loss that causes thus and influence are difficult to estimate, have brought great difficulty to its research, forecast and control rapidly because it causes disaster.Detection is hit in many flash backs attentively in the prior art, also effectively not can be used for lightning activity is surveyed in the cloud technology and lightning discharge event recognition method.
And lightning detection and positioning system can be carried out early warning to lightening activity, thereby reduce the deleterious effect that lightning causes.Because lightning positioning system can be monitored " dodge " and the differentiation of " cloud sudden strain of a muscle " space-time incessantly, so these systems also can be used for determining to take place in the appointed area quantity of lightning, and the statistical nature of discharge parameter, therefore develop the lightning detection technology and early alarming and forecasting method is current very urgent task.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome defective of the prior art, design a kind of very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system, the unsteady triggering level of this system by software design caught record lightning impulse waveform continuously and do not had the dead time.This system promptly can be used for determining to take place in the appointed area quantity of lightning, and the statistical nature of discharge parameter, is used for lightening activity and carries out early warning, also can be used for the scientific research of lightning mechanism.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is to adopt a kind of very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system, this system comprises at least four lightning location monitoring stations, is provided with very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver, GPS receiver, computing machine in the described lightning location monitoring station.Described website adopts continuously continuously the transmission that realizes each station data every the method for the absolute time of catching lightning impulse waveform and arrival thereof, by the internet, utilize lightning electric field change pulses of radiation to arrive the mistiming of each website, by computer software analysis, processing, realization is to lightning discharge incident two and three dimensions location, and the identification of different electric discharge types and lightning Characteristics discharge parameter are determined.
Wherein, described very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver comprises successively receiving antenna, integrating amplifier, wave filter, the driving output circuit that connects, and described receiver sends lightning transient electric field variable signal in the computing machine data collecting card.Described receiver is used to survey the transient electric field that receives the lightning generation to be changed.
Wherein, be provided with described data collecting card and data processing software in the described computing machine, described data processing software is used for analyzing, handling lightning waveform, time and orientation that lightning takes place.
Wherein, described GPS receiver (module) setting and described very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver are in described computing machine.Described GPS receiver (module) is used for sample frequency to be proofreaied and correct, and exports frequency signal accurately, also provides the precise time benchmark to system simultaneously.
Wherein, described very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver is arranged in the outdoor frp protective coverboard.
Wherein, the lightning impulse wave capture adopts float triggering level and storer in the described computing machine, when the monitor signal that receives floats preset threshold greater than software after, described acquisition software is caught lightning impulse waveform and timestamp, and with described signal storage in the described storer, simultaneously by the internet transmission data.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are: under the cooperation of above-mentioned hardware and software, this system can be used for determining to take place in the appointed area statistical nature of quantity, position, lightning discharge type and the corresponding discharge parameter of lightning, and can carry out early warning to lightening activity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver system chart in the very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the protective roof structure synoptic diagram of very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver in the very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a stored programme block diagram in the very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a data acquisition modes principle schematic in the very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described.Following examples only are used for technical scheme of the present invention more clearly is described, and can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
To shown in Figure 5, the concrete technical scheme of implementing of the present invention is as accompanying drawing 1:
A kind of as shown in Figure 1 very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system, this system comprises at least four lightning location monitoring stations, is provided with very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver (probe among the figure), computing machine, GPS receiver in the described lightning location monitoring station.The precision clock that described website utilizes the GPS receiver to provide, obtain the time that the pulse of lightning electric field change arrives each website, and the fast electric field change waveform of record lightning, by computing machine obtaining data are carried out preliminary processing, by the internet data in real time is sent to the computing machine that is used to analyze, handle described pulse, by special software to the lightning discharge incident position, electric discharge type identification, the multiple discharge parameter of statistical treatment.
This system is by very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver (electric field change instrument soon), high-precision GPS synchronous clock, and computing machine (lightning waveform acquisition analyzing and processing equipment) formation as shown in Figure 2.Fast electric field change operating sensor is surveyed the transient electric field variation that lightning produces in 200Hz～3MHz frequency range.Gps signal is used for frequency reference to be proofreaied and correct, and guarantees the more frequency signal output of pin-point accuracy, also provides the precise time benchmark to system simultaneously.Data acquisition system adopted computing machine+high-speed digitization instrument is with the sampling rate digitizing electric field change signal of 10Msps.Adopt unsteady level triggers setting and lightning pulses of radiation waveform continuously every catching working method continuously, being about to triggering system is designed to fully based on patterns software, that can carry out different triggering algorithms flexibly, by the non-lightning undesired signal of the low frequency in the watch-keeping environmental background, automatically adjust triggering level in real time, realize being applicable to the bipolarity trigger mode of unsteady background.Signal value is compared with predefined activation threshold value continuously, when a sampled point is detected greater than this threshold value, have certain preposition waveform that triggers section and rearmounted triggering section to be hunted down.Subsequently according to lightning very low frequency emission waveform characteristics, the data fragments that surpasses activation threshold value is carried out pre-service, the temporal information of electric field change Wave data after the processing and the corresponding trigger recording mark zero hour is stored in local disk, is real-time transmitted to the computing machine of lightning location, analyzing and processing simultaneously by the internet.Software adopts multithreading secure variant and safe queue technology that data acquisition, triggering pre-service, store tasks are given the several separate thread and carried out simultaneously, realizes to catching continuously of lightning very low frequency emission pulse waveform and without any the dead time.Whole acquisition and recording system realizes that by the unified control of computing machine unattended duty moves automatically.
Three-dimensional time difference method lightning detection system among the present invention utilizes the GPS precise synchronization to measure the fast electric field change pulse waveform of multistation lightning, realization reaches monitoring in real time to the three-dimensional localization that cloud dodges and ground dodges, the bearing accuracy of the time difference method decision total system of its GPS receiver.GPS receiver in the native system has adopted low make an uproar mutually PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE and large scale integrated circuit design, built-in high stability constant-temperature crystal oscillator OCXO and high-quality, high precision time service type GPS receiver, adopt advanced GPS frequency observation and control technology, output frequency to crystal oscillator carries out precision measurement and adjusting, adopt the intelligence learning algorithm, tame in the process of crystal oscillator the constantly characteristics such as drift of " study " crystal oscillator at GPS, and deposit these parameters in plate and carry in the eeprom memory.The 1pps signal of output is that GPS tames crystal oscillator output 10MHz signal, and signal is through 10,000, obtain behind 000 frequency division, phase place and carrier signal strict conformance, and the influence that not brought by GPS pulse per second (PPS) short time random jump are equivalent to " reproduction " of UTC time reference.When the GPS appearance is unusual or unavailable; automatically switch to the maintenance pattern; utilize efficient intelligent to keep algorithm; rely on built-in high stability crystal oscillator to continue to provide the time and the frequency signal output of high reliability; make its output frequency precise synchronization on gps system, high precision time frequency reference signal is provided.
In order to monitor lightning very low frequency emission in the bigger zone, the present invention has developed " wide band high-gain lightning Low Medium Frequency radiation receiver ", adopt high integrated precision amplifier to be equipped with special circuit structure and make it have very high input impedance, and adopt active power filtering filtering power frequency to disturb and guaranteed the gain bandwidth (GB) of system.
Because system has than higher bandwidth gain, be the frequent false triggering that prevents that heavy rain from causing the influence and the charged raindrop of system as shown in Figure 3, system adopts the frp protective coverboard structure with the saturating rate of very wide ripple.
The data collection and analysis disposal system
The data collection and analysis disposal system mainly is made of computing machine, high-speed data acquisition card in the present invention, and aforesaid GPS receiver provides the absolute time benchmark for it, and wherein the 10MHz signal is as the external clock of capture card sampling.Utilize power supply (UPS) to provide stable power for total system.
Capture card
The data collecting card of this invention employing is that data sampling speed is up to 30MS/s; Have 12 AD conversion accuracies; The built-in 32K first-in first-out method of channel (FIFO) internal memory, integrated circuit board The data dma mode is transferred to the control computer internal memory, realizes the high speed acquisition and the integrality of data.
The transmission of lightning data high-speed
This invention adopts the sampling rate of 10MS/s that the electric field change signal is gathered as shown in Figure 4, also will bind with gps clock simultaneously.Volume of transmitted data is very big in this case, and only the FIFO that carries with the collection clamp is difficult to realize that the lightning waveform is not had the gap catches continuously.Therefore, a bigger FIFO buffer area has been created in this invention in computing machine machine internal memory, and this buffer area is divided into two sections uses.The data that integrated circuit board obtains at first are transferred to this buffer area (control computer internal memory) in direct memory access (DMA) (DMA) mode, after any section of FIFO buffer area is obtained data and is finished, data in its this section are read away by disposable, and two sections buffer areas are alternately realized mass data high-speed transfer and processing.
The lightning waveform does not have the gap and catches continuously
The fast electric field change signal of lightning is with sampling rate, the 12bit resolution digitalization of 10MSPS as shown in Figure 5, signal after the digitizing is transferred to the internal memory of computing machine continuously by computer bus, continuous 5 sampling point additions simultaneously, data are compressed, signal sampling rate is reduced to 2MSPS from 10MSPS, but resolution improves simultaneously.What after this signal was continuous compares with predefined numerical value activation threshold value, when a sampled point is detected greater than this threshold value, there be certain preposition section and rearmounted waveform that triggers section of triggering to be stored in the 32MB toroidal memory in the calculator memory, waveform length is set to 1ms, the trigger point is front/rear to be 300/700 μ s, and the temporal information of the corresponding trigger recording mark zero hour is respectively stored in the annular memory of 8MB.Formed a new data file and header file in per 2 minutes, the former comprises the continuous data stream that is triggered, and the latter comprises the events corresponding temporal information.
The routine data acquisition system is used the hardware trigger system, promptly by relatively sensor output voltage and predefined triggering level realize.Shortcoming is for fear of in the background interference false triggering of slowly floating, and activation threshold value has to be set to higher relatively level, has sacrificed the sensitivity of sensor.These disturb normally from " DC " electric field of the 60Hz background interference of electrical network, near cloud or thunderstorm, are the biasing of sensor sometimes.Use the hardware trigger system different with the routine data acquisition system, the triggering system that the present invention adopts is software setting fully, can carry out different triggering algorithms flexibly, has overcome above-mentioned shortcoming.Trigger algorithm of the present invention is in the average mode of 2kHz data stream, and the interference of the non-lightning of watch-keeping low frequency is arranged to depend on the bipolarity trigger of background of floating.
In high-speed data acquisition, another shortcoming is that for a long time dead time (10ms～30ms), (mainly be owing to will pass data, deposit after the trigger collection, reset triggering etc. then) must be arranged after each the triggering.This is owing at that time the computing machine and the digitizing technique of computer stage.By means of the ability of the transmission from digitizer to the computer memory continuous data, software-based is floated and is triggered algorithm, and the data acquisition system (DAS) in this research has been eliminated the dead time between the continuous trigger, restricted by background interference.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system, it is characterized in that, this system comprises at least four lightning location monitoring stations, be provided with very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver in the described lightning location monitoring station, the GPS receiver, data collecting card and computing machine, described lightning location monitoring station is used for continuously continuously every the absolute time of catching lightning impulse waveform and arrival thereof, realize the transmission of each station data by the internet, pass through computer software analysis, handle, realization is located lightning discharge incident two and three dimensions, discern different electric discharge types, and definite lightning Characteristics discharge parameter.
2, very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver comprises receiving antenna, integrating amplifier, wave filter, driving output circuit, mould/number conversion circuit and the recording unit that connects successively, and described receiver is used to survey the transient electric field variation that lightning produces.
3, very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, be provided with described data collecting card and data acquisition software in the computing machine, by the unsteady triggering level and the no dead time lightning impulse acquisition mode of software design, realize the continuous capture technique that the fast electric field pulse waveform of lightning and this time of arrival (toa) stab.
4, very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described GPS receiver is exported frequency signal accurately, for the data collecting card in the described computing machine provides accurate sampling clock, also provides the precise time benchmark to system simultaneously.
5, very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described very low frequency (VLF) lightning radiation receiver is arranged in the outdoor frp protective coverboard.
6, very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system as claimed in claim 3, described data processing software are used for analyzing, handling the lightning waveform, identification lightning discharge type, and the time and the position of the generation of lightning incident.
7, very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described lightning impulse wave capture adopts float triggering level and storer, when the monitor signal that receives floats preset threshold greater than software after, described signal waveform is sent in real time by the internet, and store into simultaneously in the storer of control computer, the storage of catching of described lightning impulse waveform is the no dead time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910090117A CN101634701A (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2009-07-29 | Very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910090117A CN101634701A (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2009-07-29 | Very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101634701A true CN101634701A (en) | 2010-01-27 |
Family
ID=41593950
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910090117A Pending CN101634701A (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2009-07-29 | Very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101634701A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101833048A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2010-09-15 | 浙江大学 | Method and device for monitoring lightning coincident with photo-electric signals |
| CN102288838A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2011-12-21 | 华中科技大学 | VHF frequency-range intracloud lightning detecting and positioning system |
| CN103116083A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2013-05-22 | 华中科技大学 | Very low frequency (VLF) / low frequency (LF) frequency range ground lightening detection positioning system |
| CN103728503A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-16 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Automatic lightning stroke three-dimensional discharge path recording system and method for ancient architectural complex |
| CN106646477A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Ionospheric D layer detection system and method based on multi-station lightning low-frequency pulse signals |
| CN108957145A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Local dodges the Return stroke of ground flash pulse checkout system and method for positioning net entirely |
| CN112014796A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-01 | 宁夏中科天际防雷股份有限公司 | Lightning motion track monitoring method and system based on 5G transmission |
| CN112526186A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-19 | 四川电安智能科技有限公司 | Lightning current waveform hardware trigger data acquisition method |
| CN112965147A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-15 | 珠海复旦创新研究院 | System error simulation and optimization method of broadband interferometer lightning positioning system |
| CN114034936A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-11 | 合肥佳讯科技有限公司 | Lightning positioning system and method based on distributed monitoring sites |
| CN114518169A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-05-20 | 北京万龙精益科技有限公司 | Lightning detection base station, lightning detection system and lightning detection method based on solar blind waveband signals |
-
2009
- 2009-07-29 CN CN200910090117A patent/CN101634701A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101833048A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2010-09-15 | 浙江大学 | Method and device for monitoring lightning coincident with photo-electric signals |
| CN102288838A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2011-12-21 | 华中科技大学 | VHF frequency-range intracloud lightning detecting and positioning system |
| CN103116083A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2013-05-22 | 华中科技大学 | Very low frequency (VLF) / low frequency (LF) frequency range ground lightening detection positioning system |
| CN103116083B (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-12-10 | 华中科技大学 | Very low frequency (VLF) / low frequency (LF) frequency range ground lightening detection positioning system |
| CN103728503A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-16 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Automatic lightning stroke three-dimensional discharge path recording system and method for ancient architectural complex |
| CN106646477B (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2019-10-29 | 中国气象科学研究院 | D-layer detection system and method based on multistation lightning low frequency pulse signal |
| CN106646477A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Ionospheric D layer detection system and method based on multi-station lightning low-frequency pulse signals |
| CN108957145A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | Local dodges the Return stroke of ground flash pulse checkout system and method for positioning net entirely |
| CN112014796A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-01 | 宁夏中科天际防雷股份有限公司 | Lightning motion track monitoring method and system based on 5G transmission |
| CN112526186A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-19 | 四川电安智能科技有限公司 | Lightning current waveform hardware trigger data acquisition method |
| CN112965147A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-15 | 珠海复旦创新研究院 | System error simulation and optimization method of broadband interferometer lightning positioning system |
| CN112965147B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-11-11 | 珠海复旦创新研究院 | System error simulation and optimization method of broadband interferometer lightning positioning system |
| CN114034936A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-11 | 合肥佳讯科技有限公司 | Lightning positioning system and method based on distributed monitoring sites |
| CN114518169A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-05-20 | 北京万龙精益科技有限公司 | Lightning detection base station, lightning detection system and lightning detection method based on solar blind waveband signals |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101634701A (en) | Very-low frequency all-lightning positioning system | |
| CN108957595B (en) | Lightning forecasting method and system | |
| CN101609145A (en) | The all-lightning positioning system that very low frequency (VLF) combines with very high frequency(VHF) | |
| CN209102839U (en) | Movable type cable monitors prior-warning device on-line | |
| CN213957498U (en) | Integrated device integrating lightning early warning detection and lightning optical image recording | |
| CN201788276U (en) | Very-low-frequency full lightning positioning system | |
| CN103809156A (en) | Regional high-resolution lightening radiation source locating system | |
| CN102175929A (en) | System for integrally, synchronously and comprehensively observing lightning electromagnetic signals | |
| CN102680939A (en) | Method and device for positioning thunder based on sound-light-electricity synchronous observation | |
| JP2009109503A (en) | System and method for sensing lightning | |
| CN203101662U (en) | Thunderstorm weather phenomenon instrument | |
| CN103207408A (en) | Passive earthquake monitoring data compression method and control system | |
| CN102539977B (en) | Thunder and lightning on-line monitoring system | |
| Sidik et al. | Lightning monitoring system for sustainable energy supply: A review | |
| US20180275295A1 (en) | System and Method for Providing Short-Term Earthquake Forecasts | |
| CN204758733U (en) | Thunder and lightning optical image collection system based on FPGA | |
| CN201555946U (en) | Full-lightning positioning system of combination of extremely low frequency and extremely high frequency | |
| CN209115268U (en) | A kind of more physical quantity simultaneous observation systems of wind power generation unit blade lightning stroke | |
| CN202870180U (en) | Integrated device for monitoring thunder and ground electric field | |
| CN112698108B (en) | Synchronous observation method and system for multiple physical quantities of fan blades | |
| Pédeboy et al. | Analysis of the intra-cloud lightning activity detected with low frequency lightning locating systems | |
| CN114034936A (en) | Lightning positioning system and method based on distributed monitoring sites | |
| Mehranzamir et al. | Hardware installation of lightning locating system using time difference of arrival method | |
| CN208350901U (en) | A kind of atmosphere Lightning Warning system | |
| Cai et al. | Study on the location of thunderclouds based on irradiance characteristics under lightning meteorological conditions |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20100127 |