CN115153007A - 一种具有健脾蠲浊作用的药食同源轻体代餐粉 - Google Patents
一种具有健脾蠲浊作用的药食同源轻体代餐粉 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有健脾蠲浊作用的药食同源轻体代餐粉，包括以下质量份的组分：燕麦1‑30份、核桃1‑15份、红豆1‑15份、薏仁米1‑15份、山楂1‑10份、杏仁1‑10份、山药1‑15份、玉米1‑15份、红枣1‑10份。本发明通过改善原料的组成和配比，并经过冷冻干燥制备而成。本发明采用燕麦、核桃、玉米、红豆、薏仁米等增加饱腹感，并能保持代餐的良好口感，且组分中含有可食中药，各中药合理配伍，在中医理论的指导下发挥健脾蠲浊的作用，作为健康轻体代餐的同时获得食养效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于减肥减脂代餐领域，具体涉及一种具有健脾蠲浊作用的药食同源轻体代餐。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高，超重与肥胖人口占比不断增加，并且逐渐向年轻化发展，现阶段超重与肥胖已成为严重影响国人身心健康的主要公共卫生问题。中国超重与肥胖的发病率和增长速度均居世界首位，现已成为世界上超重和肥胖人数最多的国家。最新的全国统计数据显示(2015—2019年)：根据中国标准，6岁以下儿童的超重率为6.8％、肥胖率为3.6％；6～17岁儿童和青少年的超重率为11.1％、肥胖率为7.9％；成人(≥18岁)的超重率为34.3％、肥胖率为16.4％。这是首次中国成人超重和肥胖患病率>50％，预计到2030年，中国成人超重及肥胖患病率将达到61％。发生肥胖的直接原因是摄入能量超过了消耗的能量，而减少能量的摄入是主要的减肥手段，因此对于科学而又健康的饮食控制方式的需求越来越大。
“药食同源”是中医药对人类最有价值的贡献之一。中国食用燕麦、玉米已有悠久的历史。《周礼·天官·疾医》记载：“以五味、五谷、五药养其病。”说明了五谷的生理保健作用。中医古籍虽无“肥胖”之名，但有类似论述，观其病症，当属“肥人”“脂人”“膏人”等范畴。《黄帝内经》提出“膏浊致病”理论，“膏，脂膏也；浊，浊气也”。膏浊难化，脾土雍滞，为肥胖病机，针对病机，传统中药材中存在大量具有健脾蠲浊作用的天然药物，通过祛湿化浊达到减肥的功效。从西医的作用机理分析，中药治疗肥胖机理可能与其改善脂质代谢、提高胰岛素敏感性、提高基础代谢率、调整肠道菌群状态，以及提高瘦素等脂肪因子的敏感性有关，作用靶点涉及PPAR-γ、AMPK、瘦素、UCP1等。研究表明，山楂、薏苡仁可能通过提高瘦素和胰岛素的敏感性、抑制脂肪分化等发挥治疗肥胖的作用。《千金药方》记载：“夫为医者，当须先洞晓病源，知其所犯，以食治之。食疗不愈，然后命药。”可见，利用五谷杂粮、中药等进行食疗具有极高的研究价值。
“代餐减肥”是当前前沿的新型减肥方式，理想的代餐食品，应该俱备低油脂、为人体提供基础热量、易于消化、对肠胃刺激性小等特点，长期食用，既使消费者保持均衡的营养、又能利于保持身体健康。目前，市面上出现的中药代餐配方设计种类繁多，但鲜有基于传统中医理论的支撑，且采用药食同源的中药组合，在调理体质的同时发挥减肥效果。因此，开发一种以药食同源为准则，改善体质的一种配方合理，减肥效果显著的中药代餐尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有健脾蠲浊作用的药食同源轻体代餐粉。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种具有健脾蠲浊作用的药食同源轻体代餐粉，所述代餐粉包括药食同源冻干粉，所述药食同源冻干粉包括以下组分按质量份制备而成：燕麦1-30份、核桃1-15份、红豆1-15份、薏仁米1-15份、山楂1-10份、杏仁1-10份、山药1-15份、玉米1-15份、红枣1-10份。
所述代餐粉还可以包括对人体无副作用的辅料，如益生元(低聚果糖)，所述益生元的用量为药食同源冻干粉的质量的5～10％，优选7％。
优选所述代餐粉由药食同源冻干粉和益生元组成。
进一步，优选所述药食同源冻干粉由以下组分按质量份制备得到：燕麦1-30份、核桃1-15份、红豆1-15份、薏仁米1-15份、山楂1-10份、杏仁1-10份、山药1-15份、玉米1-15份、红枣1-10份。
进一步，优选所述药食同源冻干粉由以下组分按质量份制备得到：燕麦30份、核桃2份、红豆10份、薏仁米10份、山楂10份、杏仁5份、山药10份、玉米10份、红枣5份。
根据肥胖的中医病机，治疗重点是蠲浊(祛邪以治标)和健脾(扶正而治本)，兼顾祛湿利水、润肠通便(协同与增强标本兼治)。以中医“药食同源”——既是食品又是药品的中药为主，并配以粗粮(燕麦)，既将药物作为食物，又将食物赋予药用，药借食力，食助药威，相辅相成，相得益彰。结合现代降脂、减肥的药理作用，在中医理论指导下进行组方。
本发明的代餐粉中含有燕麦、核桃、红豆、薏仁米、山楂、杏仁、山药、玉米、红枣。
燕麦、玉米为富含膳食纤维的粗粮，具备低热量和高膳食纤维含量，可以有效地清理肠道垃圾，同时，含有的β-葡聚糖可减缓血液中葡萄糖含量的增加。
核桃是胡桃科胡桃属植物,性温，味甘，具有温补肺肾，定喘润肠之功效。富含多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)，含量在95％以上，饱和脂肪酸含量较低，PUFA是人体必需脂肪酸，其对人体具有重要生理作用和药用价值，并能增加饱腹感。
红豆为豆科植物红豆树的干燥成熟种子。性味苦，平；具有理气，通经的功效，可有活血化湿之用。能够与胆固醇竞争脂化酶，从而减少胆固醇吸收。
薏苡仁为禾本科植物薏苡的干燥成熟种仁。性味甘，淡，寒；归脾、胃、肺经；具有利水渗湿、健脾止泻、除痹排脓及解毒散结之功效；可有健脾化湿之用。可抑制肠道对脂肪和胆固醇的吸收。
山楂为蔷薇科植物山楂的干燥成熟果实。性味酸，甘，微温；归脾、胃、肝经；具有消食健脾、行气散瘀、化浊降脂之功效；可有消肉食积滞、脘腹胀满等功用。可通过促进体内脂类消除或排泄降低血脂水平。
杏仁为蔷薇科植物杏的干燥成熟味甜的种子。性味甘，平；归肺、大肠经；具有降气化痰、止咳平喘、润肠通便之功效；可有祛痰湿，润肠通便之用。具有降血脂促进血脂代谢作用。
山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣的干燥根茎。性味甘、平；归脾、肺、肾经；具有益气养阴、补脾肺肾、涩精止带之功效；可治脾虚食少、湿浊内盛之用。
红枣为鼠李科植物枣的干燥成熟果实。性味甘，温；归脾、胃、心经；具有补中益气、养血安神之功效；可治脾虚湿盛等功用。含有增加白细胞内cAMP含量、降血压及降血脂等作用。
进一步，本发明提供的代餐粉，优选按以下方法制得：
(1)预处理阶段：将药食同源冻干粉的各原料按照配方称重，混合后粉碎至粒径大小为3-5mm；
(2)产品的预冻：在-30℃的温度下进行预冻，固定产品,以便产品在高真空条件下干燥,并使成品具有与干燥前相同的形状；
(3)真空冷冻干燥：将预冻的原料置于中药材冷冻干燥机的干燥仓内进行真空干燥处理，干燥仓内温度为-40～-30℃，真空度为0～10Pa，将预冻原料进行升华干燥，升华干燥阶段时长为2～3h，然后将干燥仓内温度提升到25℃，进行第二阶段的干燥，干燥时间7-8h；得到药食同源冻干粉；
(4)复配阶段：加入药食同源冻干粉总质量的5～10％(优选7％)益生元(低聚果糖)，得到代餐粉产品，进行封装和储藏。
本发明提供的代餐粉可与牛奶、酸奶、蜂蜜等调配后使用，也可开水调配后使用。
经发明人研究实验显示，上述代餐粉对肥胖患者具有减脂减重作用。
本发明还提供一种健脾蠲浊作用的药食同源轻体代餐粉的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)预处理阶段：将药食同源冻干粉的各原料按照配方称重，混合后粉碎至粒径大小为3-5mm；
(2)产品的预冻：在-30℃的温度下进行预冻，固定产品,以便产品在高真空条件下干燥,并使成品具有与干燥前相同的形状；
(3)真空冷冻干燥：将预冻的原料置于中药材冷冻干燥机的干燥仓内进行真空干燥处理，干燥仓内温度为-40～-30℃，真空度为0～10Pa，将预冻原料进行升华干燥，升华干燥时长为2～3h，然后将干燥仓内温度提升到25℃，进行第二阶段的干燥，干燥时间7-8h；得到药食同源冻干粉；
(4)复配阶段：加入药食同源冻干粉总质量的5～10％益生元，得到代餐粉产品，进行封装和储藏。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了一种健脾蠲浊作用的药食同源轻体代餐粉，具备以下有益效果：
1.中医理论指导
中医学认为肥胖症虽有不同证型，但多由过食肥甘厚味，或喜嗜醇酒，或暴饮暴食，脾失健运，水湿停滞，膏浊内生，流溢肌肤而致。其病理特点是本虚标实，虚实夹杂。目前市场中的减肥产品少有传统中医药理论的指导，本发明结合中医理论根据多数肥胖者的体质提出以健脾蠲浊为治法的轻体代餐。
2.扶正祛邪结合
扶正具体为“健脾”，祛邪具体为“蠲浊”，兼顾“利水”、“通便”。中医认为，痰、湿、膏、浊本属一类，而且可以相互转化、兼并，利水有助于清膏化浊，通便给邪气以出路，有助于邪气外出。在本发明的既是食品又是药品的中药组份中，山楂、红豆的中医功效主要属于祛邪，山药、薏苡仁既渗湿祛邪，又健脾扶正，杏仁降气、润肠通便，在本发明的粗粮组份中，玉米、燕麦、核桃既有健脾扶正之效，又可增加饱腹感。纵观整体组份，具有祛邪而不伤正的有益效果。
3、西医疗效兼顾
本产品除具有常规增加饱腹感的燕麦，还加入了具有减肥功效的药食同源的可食用中药。不仅具有减肥作用，还能预防肥胖所引起的代谢综合征。本发明的组份中，根据西医药理，燕麦、玉米二者皆是低糖、低脂食品，富含膳食纤维，能促进肠胃蠕动，并且含有丰富的β—葡聚糖水溶性膳食纤维，是降血脂有效成分。山楂具有促进血脂消除和降糖作用，红豆、薏苡仁能抑制脂类吸收，具有降脂、降压作用，杏仁、核桃能促进胆固醇排泄。
本发明采用燕麦、核桃、玉米、红豆、薏仁米等增加饱腹感，并能保持代餐的良好口感，且组分中含有可食中药，各中药合理配伍，在中医理论的指导下发挥健脾蠲浊的作用，作为健康轻体代餐的同时可获得食养效果。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例对技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面通过临床资料来进一步说明本发明一种具备健脾蠲浊功效的药食同源轻体代餐减肥和降脂效果。
实施例1
制备轻体代餐粉：
(1)将燕麦30份、核桃2份、红豆10份、薏仁米10份、山楂10份、杏仁5份、山药10份、玉米10份、红枣5份按质量配比混合，粉碎至粒径3-5mm；
(2)产品的预冻：在-30℃的温度下进行预冻，固定产品,以便产品在高真空条件下干燥,并使成品具有与干燥前相同的形状；
(3)真空冷冻干燥：将预冻的原料置于中药材冷冻干燥机的干燥仓内进行真空干燥处理，干燥仓内温度为-40～-30℃，真空度为0～10Pa，将预冻原料进行升华干燥，升华干燥时长为2h，然后将干燥仓内温度提升到25℃，进行第二阶段的干燥，时间为7h；得到药食同源冻干粉；
(4)复配阶段：加入药食同源冻干粉总质量的7％益生元(低聚果糖)，得到代餐粉产品，进行封装和储藏。
包装规格为42g/袋，7袋/盒。
进行以下临床试验
1.对象与方法
1.1试验物
采用本发明轻体代餐，规格：42g/袋，7袋/盒。
1.2受试对象(对照组)
浙江省杭州市60位肥胖的患者，利用随机数表法，随机分为对照组30例，仅予基础治疗方案。代餐组30例，在基础治疗方案上加用代餐辅助治疗。进行定期随访，对各组进行试验前后自身对比及代餐组与对照组对比，整理分析，得出结论。
1.2.1诊断标准
参照WHO西亚太地区肥胖症工作组提出亚洲成人体重分级建议标准，24～27.9kg/m2为超重，28.0～31.9kg/m2为肥胖，32.0～36.9kg/m2为重度肥胖，≥37kg/m2为严重肥胖。
1.2.2
中医诊断标准多痰、少气、倦怠疲惫、口中黏腻不爽、体形偏胖、胸闷体重、头昏、腹胀纳滞、脉沉或者沉涩。
1.2.2纳入者标准：
(1)符合西医诊断标准；
(2)年龄介乎18～60岁；
(3)同意接受本研究治疗，并签署知情同意书。
1.2.3排除标准：
(1)合并严重感染者；
(2)患有严重原发循环、消化、呼吸、泌尿、血液、内分泌、风湿免疫系统等疾病者；
(3)患有严重焦虑症、抑郁症及精神分裂症者者；
(4)不能独立完成调查者。
1.3使用方法
用法：受试者连续4周服用代餐。每日选择早餐、午餐或晚餐代1餐，可加蔬菜、水果配餐。每餐服用1袋(42g)，每袋用200mL温开水冲服。非服用代餐时点按正常健康饮食进行。
2.观察指标
2.1一般情况
既往病史，现病史，饮食，心率，血压。主要观察：并发症等情况。
2.2实验室指标
血常规、尿常规、粪常规、生化指标。
2.3体重指标
治疗结束后，对比2组患者治疗前后肥胖指标(体血脂量、BMI)
2.4统计学处理：将上述所得数据采用SPSS 22.0统计软件处理，计量资料以x±s表示，统计学方法采用重复测量方差分析；计数资料以百分比(％)表示，各组间比较采用χ2检验。结果以P＜0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
3.试验结果
3.1实验指标
表1治疗前后糖脂代谢变化(x±s)
注：*与服代餐前比较P＜0.05。
由表1可知，服用代餐组治疗4周后血清总胆固醇(Tch)、甘油三酯(TG)较基线水平下降，且有统计学差异；对照组TG未见下降，Tch虽有下降但无统计学意义。
3.2体重指标
表2治疗前后体重、腰围及BMI变化(x±s)
注：*与服代餐前比较P＜0.05。
由表2可见：服用代餐组治疗4周后体重及腰围较基线水平下降，且有统计学差异；对照组体重及腰围改善不明显。
4.结论
上述统计数据表明，本发明部分替代正餐可有效平缓地减轻体重增长，同时还具有明确的降脂作用，另外，本发明采用药食同源、无毒无副作用的中药材和食材为原料，长期服食，还具有非常好的养生作用。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有健脾蠲浊作用的药食同源轻体代餐粉，其特征在于所述代餐粉包括药食同源冻干粉，所述药食同源冻干粉包括以下组分按质量份制备而成：燕麦1-30份、核桃1-15份、红豆1-15份、薏仁米1-15份、山楂1-10份、杏仁1-10份、山药1-15份、玉米1-15份、红枣1-10份。
2.如权利要求1所述的代餐粉，其特征在于所述代餐粉包括益生元。
3.如权利要求2所述的代餐粉，其特征在于所述益生元的用量为药食同源冻干粉的质量的5～10％。
4.如权利要求2所述的代餐粉，其特征在于所述代餐粉由药食同源冻干粉和益生元组成。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的代餐粉，其特征在于所述药食同源冻干粉由以下组分按质量份制备得到：燕麦1-30份、核桃1-15份、红豆1-15份、薏仁米1-15份、山楂1-10份、杏仁1-10份、山药1-15份、玉米1-15份、红枣1-10份。
6.如权利要求5所述的代餐粉，其特征在于所述药食同源冻干粉由以下组分按质量份制备得到：燕麦30份、核桃2份、红豆10份、薏仁米10份、山楂10份、杏仁5份、山药10份、玉米10份、红枣5份。
7.如权利要求4所述的代餐粉，其特征在于所述代餐粉按以下方法制得：
(1)预处理阶段：将药食同源冻干粉的各原料按照配方称重，混合后粉碎至粒径大小为3-5mm；
(2)产品的预冻：在-30℃的温度下进行预冻，固定产品,以便产品在高真空条件下干燥,并使成品具有与干燥前相同的形状；
(3)真空冷冻干燥：将预冻的原料置于中药材冷冻干燥机的干燥仓内进行真空干燥处理，干燥仓内温度为-40～-30℃，真空度为0～10Pa，将预冻原料进行升华干燥，升华干燥时长为4～5h，然后将干燥仓内温度提升到25℃，进行第二阶段的干燥，干燥时间7-8h；得到药食同源冻干粉；
(4)复配阶段：加入药食同源冻干粉总质量的5～10％益生元，得到代餐粉产品，进行封装和储藏。
8.如权利要求4所述的代餐粉的制备方法，其特征在于所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)预处理阶段：将药食同源冻干粉的各原料按照配方称重，混合后粉碎至粒径大小为3-5mm；
(2)产品的预冻：在-30℃的温度下进行预冻，固定产品,以便产品在高真空条件下干燥,并使成品具有与干燥前相同的形状；
(3)真空冷冻干燥：将预冻的原料置于中药材冷冻干燥机的干燥仓内进行真空干燥处理，干燥仓内温度为-40～-30℃，真空度为0～10Pa，将预冻原料进行升华干燥，升华干燥时长为2～3h，然后将干燥仓内温度提升到25℃，进行第二阶段的干燥，干燥时间7-8h；得到药食同源冻干粉；
(4)复配阶段：加入药食同源冻干粉总质量的5～10％益生元，得到代餐粉产品，进行封装和储藏。
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