CN115141780A - 一种复合微生物菌剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种复合微生物菌剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115141780A CN115141780A CN202210913907.1A CN202210913907A CN115141780A CN 115141780 A CN115141780 A CN 115141780A CN 202210913907 A CN202210913907 A CN 202210913907A CN 115141780 A CN115141780 A CN 115141780A
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- fermentation
- feed
- liquid
- lactobacillus
- bacteria
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种液态型复合菌剂,包含主发酵单菌和附属发酵单菌;主发酵单菌为植物乳杆菌28‑7、银杏乳杆菌cqf‑43中的一种或两种;附属发酵单菌戊糖片球菌、植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、短乳杆菌中的一种或几种。本发明解决现有液态发酵饲料生产中因发酵菌剂缺乏而导致的液态饲料难以稳定生产、适口性差、养分损失、容易变质腐败、难以保存的问题,缓解液态饲料水料分层、颗粒沉降的问题。本发明利用不同乳酸菌的不同特性,协同配合调控发酵进程,缩短发酵周期,提高液态饲料发酵品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物制剂领域,尤其涉及液态发酵菌剂。
技术背景
液态发酵饲料是将饲料与水按1.0∶1.5至1∶4混合均匀后,通过微生物的代谢活动将饲料中大分子物质降解为小分子物质,分解或转化饲料中抗营养因子,产生有机酸(主要是乳酸)、细菌素、消化酶等有益代谢产物,最终形成的一种低pH、富含益生物质、更易被畜禽消化和吸收的饲料。液态发酵饲料具有提高畜禽生长性能、改善胃肠道健康、扩大饲料来源、降低生产成本等优势,可实现畜禽饲养过程中少用甚至不使用抗生素的目标。
液态发酵饲料多采用自然发酵或接种发酵。自然发酵是利用饲料中附着的乳酸菌进行发酵,其发酵启动慢,饲料pH下降缓慢,发酵周期长;发酵初期易导致肠杆菌等杂菌大量增殖,降解饲料中的游离氨基酸并产生生物胺,降低饲料养分并产生有毒害物质;乳酸菌短时间内难以成为优势菌群,发酵进程不可控,易产生高浓度乙醇、乙酸、丙酸等而产生异味,影响饲料适口性。接种发酵是将特定的发酵菌剂接种于发酵基料,使接种的菌种成为优势菌群,进而调控发酵进程及发酵方向。
液态饲料因饲料禁抗、饲料配方多元化等原因在备受关注,但就液态饲料生产方面,液态饲料发酵菌剂有其自身特殊性,普通的饲料发酵菌剂不能或不能很好得适用于液态发酵。具体而言,应用于液态饲料生产的发酵菌剂应具备以下特点:①为调控发酵快速启动及饲料pH值快速下降,抑制发酵初期病原菌大量增殖,调控液态发酵进程正向且稳定进行,要求发酵菌剂应具备快速增殖、高产乳酸并快速降低饲料pH值的特点。②同时需要注意的是液态饲料在发酵过程中合成氨基酸的降解问题,尤其是赖氨酸。在细菌中已知有分别对应于赖氨酸(尸胺)、精氨酸(鲱精胺)、鸟氨酸(腐胺)等的专一性的脱羧酶,而某些乳酸菌也可产生氨基酸脱羧酶,进而降解赖氨酸、精氨酸等合成氨基酸,使饲料氨基酸不均衡,并产生尸胺、腐胺等有毒害物质,因此要求发酵菌剂具备不产或少产脱羧酶的性质。③相比异型发酵乳酸菌,同型发酵乳酸菌乳酸产量高,可减少液态发酵过程中乙酸、丙酸等有机酸大量产生,要求避免饲料适口性变差及饲料能量损失的问题,液态发酵菌剂宜使用同型发酵乳酸菌,能赋予饲料香味利于饲养动物进食。④与固态饲料或原料不同,液态发酵由于水分含量高,可能存在水料分层、原料颗粒沉降等问题,要求液态发酵菌剂对此有改善作用。而目前尚无专门针对液态饲料特点开发的液态饲料专用发酵菌剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种针对液态饲料专用发酵菌剂,集产乳酸、产多糖、增稠复合功能为一体,解决液态发酵过程中pH降低速度慢、杂菌快速增殖、氨基酸降解等棘手问题,缓解液态饲料水料分层及颗粒沉降问题。
本发明的目的是通过以下措施实现的:
一种液态型复合菌剂,包含主发酵单菌和附属发酵单菌;主发酵单菌为植物乳杆菌28-7、银杏乳杆菌cqf-43中的一种或两种;附属发酵单菌戊糖片球菌、植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、短乳杆菌中的一种或几种。
上述植物乳杆菌28-7,其拉丁名为Lactobacillus plantarum 28-7,于2019年 01月25日保藏于中国生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏登记号为CGMCC17234,简称为植物乳杆菌28-7。
上述银杏乳杆菌cqf-43,其拉丁名为Lactiplantibacillus artgentoratensiscqf-43,于2022年5月12日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏登记号为GDMCC 62463,简称为银杏乳杆菌cqf-43。
优选的,两株主发酵单菌中的植物乳杆菌28-7与银杏乳杆菌cqf-43的复合比例为1:1~10:1(V/V)。
优选的,主发酵单菌和附属发酵单菌的用量配比为1:1~100:1(V/V)。
上述液态型复合菌剂在发酵制备液态饲料中的应用。
本液态饲料专用发酵菌剂的所有菌株均为乳酸菌,该菌剂的物理状态可以是液态、半固态及固态。
上述液态饲料专用发酵菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)从固体平板上分别挑取所述发酵菌剂中菌株于MRS液体培养基中, 30℃~40℃(优选37℃)下培养至浑浊得到一级种子液后,按1%~2%的(V/V) 比例转接培养至各菌株对数生长期,得到各菌株二级种子液;
(2)将步骤(1)制备得到各菌株二级种子液,混合后得到复合菌剂。
本发明适用于畜禽的养殖,包括但不限于:生猪养殖的所有阶段(哺乳仔猪、断奶仔猪、生长猪、育肥猪、泌乳期母猪、哺乳期母猪)、羔羊、犊牛等的各养殖阶段。
有益效果
1、本发明解决现有液态发酵饲料生产中因发酵菌剂缺乏而导致的液态饲料难以稳定生产、适口性差、养分损失、容易变质腐败、难以保存的问题,缓解液态饲料水料分层、颗粒沉降的问题。
本发明利用不同乳酸菌的不同特性,协同配合调控发酵进程,缩短发酵周期,提高液态饲料发酵品质。本菌剂能快速增殖,高产乳酸并快速降低饲料pH值,调控发酵进程,缩短发酵周期,延长饲料储存时间。本菌剂改善饲料感官品质,增加酸香风味,提高适口性。本菌剂减少饲料中赖氨酸等合成氨基酸的降解,避免液态发酵饲料氨基酸不均衡及腐胺、尸胺等生物胺的大量产生;避免乙酸、丁酸的大量产生,降低发酵菌代谢产生有机酸的能量消耗;抑制大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、霉菌等增殖,提高饲料生物安全性。本菌剂能改善饲料与水之间的结合力,提高饲料粘稠性,缓解原料颗粒和水快速分层的问题。
2、本菌剂集产乳酸、产多糖、增稠复合功能为一体。本液态饲料发酵专用菌剂中的2株主发酵单菌在本菌剂中,其中主发酵单菌cqf-43于37℃条件下发酵24h可将全价饲料pH值降低到4.5左右,饲料中乳酸产量10.89mg/mL;主发酵单菌28-7于37℃条件下发酵24h可将全价饲料pH值降低到3.7左右,饲料中乳酸产量为32.31mg/mL;2株主发酵单菌发酵为同型发酵乳酸菌,乳酸产量高,乙酸、丙酸等挥发性脂肪酸产量低,增加酸香风味,饲料适口性获得提高;对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抑菌性能,提高了饲料生物安全性;不产生赖氨酸脱羧酶、精氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶,保障了饲料氨基酸均衡,降低了生物胺的产生;改善了饲料与水之间的结合力,提高了饲料粘稠性,有利于缓解原料颗粒和水快速分层的问题。主发酵单菌cqf-43菌液经冻干、透析、冻干后,粗多糖产率约为1.07%,所制粗多糖效果具有缓解物料快速沉降及抗氧化效果。
3、本发明主菌cqf-43等能产生胞外多糖,目前胞外多糖及胞外多糖生产菌主要应用于食品行业,尤其是发酵乳的生产,在畜牧养殖业中的应用未见报道。附属发酵单菌可配合主发酵单菌,针对不同发酵原料的实际发酵情况,进一步提高液态发酵进程的稳定性及定饲料适口性。比如复配后能抑制多种革兰氏阳性菌及其芽孢的生长繁殖;可代谢产生丁二酮,当该物质的含量适宜时其具奶油香,同时也具有一定的抑菌活性;可以产生胞外多糖、维生素等功能性物质,对产气荚膜梭菌具有一定的抑制作用,抗逆性较强。
附图说明
图1发酵菌剂对发酵饲料pH值下降的影响
图2发酵菌剂对饲料中主要微生物含量的影响
图3不同饲料形式对断奶仔猪粪便菌群结构的影响
图4不同饲料形式对断奶仔猪粪便乳酸菌菌群数量的影响
图5不同饲料形式对断奶仔猪粪便大肠埃希氏、志贺氏菌群数量的影响
具体实施方式
下面是具体实施例证对本发明进行具体描述,在此指出以下实施例证只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术是由熟练人员可以根据上述发明内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
除非另有定义,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语和相关领域技术人员所通常理解的具有相同的含义。
实施例1液态复合发酵菌剂菌株间拮抗性分析
试验方法:从固体平板上分别挑取本液态饲料专用发酵菌剂中菌株于MRS 液体培养基中,37℃下培养至浑浊得到一级种子液后,按适宜比例转接培养至各菌株对数生长期末期,得到各菌株二级种子液。各二级种子液在4℃、5000rpm/min 条件下离心10min,上清过22μm滤膜,得到待测菌液上清;下层菌体用灭菌 PBS洗涤两次后,得到待测菌悬液。MRS肉汤购于青岛海博生物技术有限公司 (货号HB0384-1)。
分别在MRS固体平板上涂布0.1mL各菌株二级种子液,采用牛津杯法测定本液态饲料专用发酵菌剂中菌株间是否存在拮抗性。牛津杯中分别加入0.1mL 待测菌液上清、菌悬液,4℃放置至牛津杯内液体被平板完全吸收后,转入37℃培养箱内倒置培养24h,每个处理3个平行。
试验结果:本液态饲料专用发酵菌剂中主发酵单菌间、主发酵单菌与附属发酵单菌间、附属发酵单菌间均不存在拮抗性,能够协同进行液态发酵。
实施例2液态复合发酵菌剂菌株抑菌性分析
试验方法:按实施例1的方法制备本液态饲料专用发酵菌剂中菌株一级种子液后,转接培养30h后,4℃、5000rpm/min条件下离心10min,上清过0.22μm 滤膜,得到待测菌液上清。以大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922)、鸡白痢沙门氏菌(CVCC 534)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 25923)为指示菌。制备指示菌菌液,将制备好的指示菌菌液按0.1%(v/v)的量与冷却至40℃左右未凝固的MH琼脂培养基混合均匀,制备指示菌平板。采用牛津杯法测定本液态发酵专用菌剂中菌株的抑菌性能。牛津杯中加入0.1mL待测菌液上清,4℃放置至牛津杯内液体被平板完全吸收后,转入37℃培养箱内倒置培养16h,观察抑菌圈,测量抑菌圈的大小。每个处理3个平行。
试验结果:
表1液态饲料专用发酵菌剂中主发酵单菌的抑菌圈直径(mm)
实施例3液态复合发酵菌剂菌株氨基酸脱羧降解分析
试验原理:为满足猪的生长和生产,需要再饲料中补充生猪必需氨基酸,尤其是赖氨酸。生产液态发酵饲料时,若发酵饲料中肠杆菌大量等病原菌大量增殖时,可能会导致氨基酸脱羧为生物胺,这不仅会降低饲料养分、降低饲料适口性,还会影响动物机体健康。有研究表明,在不可控的发酵进程中,添加到饲料中的赖氨酸90%被降解并产生尸胺;乳酸菌可降低饲料pH值、调控发酵进程正向进行,在一定程度上可以降低饲料进程中氨基酸的降解。在细菌中已知有分别对应于赖氨酸(尸胺)、酪氨酸(酪胺)、精氨酸(鲱精胺)、鸟氨酸(腐胺)、谷氨酸 (γ-氨基丁酸)等的专一性的脱羧酶,这些酶均以磷酸吡哆醛为辅酶。值得注意的是,某些乳酸菌也可产生氨基酸脱羧酶,进而降解某些氨基酸为生物胺,故液态饲料发酵剂要依据慎重选择。
NH2CHRCOOH─→NH2CH2R+CO2(氨基酸脱羧酶是催化脱去某种氨基酸的羧基,生成对应的胺的裂解酶之总称)
试验方法:采用试剂盒对本液态饲料发酵专用菌剂中的菌株能否产生精氨酸脱羧酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶进行测定;采用平板显色法对酪氨酸脱羧酶、组氨酸脱羧酶的产生进行检测。
试验结果:本液态饲料发酵专用菌剂中菌株脱羧酶显色结果如下表2所示。由表可知,主发酵单菌植物乳杆菌28-7不产生赖氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、精氨酸脱羧酶、酪氨酸脱羧酶;主发酵单菌银杏乳杆菌cqf-43不产生赖氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、精氨酸脱羧酶、组氨酸脱羧酶;其余附属发酵单菌均不产生鸟氨酸、赖氨酸脱羧酶;附属发酵单菌中仅戊糖片球菌1.2441产生精氨酸脱羧酶。
表2液态复合发酵菌剂菌株脱羧酶显色反应结果
注:“-”表示不显色,未产生对应氨基酸脱羧酶;“+”表示显色,产生对应氨基酸脱羧酶。
实施例4液态复合发酵菌剂对玉米-豆粕-麦麸混合原料的影响
试验原理:研究表明生产液态发酵饲料时,饲料pH值的下降速率对发酵启动快慢、发酵进程方向有重要影响。饲料pH值下降快速,可避免发酵初期因附着在发酵基料中的病原菌爆发式增殖而产生不良发酵;当饲料pH≤4.5时,饲料中大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌可有效被抑制。
试验方法:从固体平板上挑取主发酵单菌28-7的单菌落于MRS灭菌液体培养基中,37℃下静置培养至浑浊后,再按2%(V/V)的比例转接到灭菌MRS 灭菌液体培养基中,37℃下静置培养14h后,得到主发酵单菌28-7的发酵菌液。
从固体平板上挑取主发酵单菌cqf-43的单菌落于MRS灭菌液体培养基中, 37℃下静置培养至浑浊后,再按2%(V/V)的比例转接到灭菌MRS灭菌体培养基中,30℃下静置培养20h后,得到主发酵单菌cqf-43的发酵菌液。
从固体平板上挑取附属发酵单菌1.2441(Pediococcus pentosaceus;购于中国生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,其编号为CGMCC 1.2441,戊糖片球菌)的单菌落于MRS灭菌液体培养基中,37℃下静置培养至浑浊后,再按2% (V/V)的比例转接到灭菌MRS灭菌液体培养基中,37℃下静置培养14h后,得到附属发酵单菌1.2441的发酵菌液;
将主发酵单菌28-7发酵菌液、主发酵单菌cqf-43发酵菌液、附属发酵单菌 1.2441发酵菌液按1﹕1﹕1(V﹕V﹕V)混合后得到本案例所用复合菌剂。
以玉米-豆粕-麦麸混合原料(过16目)为发酵基料,菌剂发酵组按1.5× 107CFU/g(以固态发酵基料为计算基础,下同)的接种量接种复合菌剂,再加入水混合均匀,使最终水料比为3﹕1,保鲜膜封口、37℃条件下发酵24h。以不接种任何菌剂的相同处理为对照组,每个处理3个重复。在发酵过程中,测定各组发酵起始(0h)到发酵结束(24h)期间的pH值变化及乳酸菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、酵母、霉菌的活菌数变化;发酵结束时,观察记录饲料的感官品质,并取出部分饲料,在10000rpm/min、4℃条件下离心10min,吸取上清测定饲料中乳酸、乙酸、丙酸含量;剩余饲料55℃烘干,测定饲料中粗蛋白、酸溶性蛋白,计算酸溶蛋白含量与粗蛋白含量比值。
试验结果:
各组饲料pH值下降情况及饲料感官品质分别见下图1、表3所示。菌剂发酵组饲料pH值下降速率快,8h饲料pH值下降至4.02,饲料具有酸香味且具黏性;对照组饲料pH值下降到4.5以下需要(20~24)h,8h时饲料开始产生异味,杂菌大量繁殖,饲料固液分层且表层漂浮大量暗黄色泡沫;24h异臭味明显。
发酵起始、对照组饲料及菌剂发酵组饲料中主要微生物含量如下图2所示。由图2可知,发酵组饲料中乳酸菌达到5×1010CFU/g,大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌未检出,霉菌及酵母含量较发酵起始降低,其数量分别为866CFU/g、3CFU/g,霉菌数量符合饲料卫生标准(GB 13078-2017)要求;对照组饲料中大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌分别为7.02×104CFU/mL、275CFU/mL,较发酵起始增加,且沙门氏菌数量不符合饲料卫生标准要求(25g中不得检出)。
饲料中粗蛋白含量、酸溶蛋白含量、酸溶蛋白与粗蛋白比值见下表4,由表 4可以各组饲料间粗蛋白含量无显著差异,但菌剂发酵组的酸溶蛋白含量及酸溶蛋白与粗蛋白比值显著高于原料和对照组(P<0.01)。
饲料pH值和有机酸含量见下表5,由表5可知菌剂发酵组饲料中乳酸含量时对照组的4倍,且乙酸、丁酸含量低于对照组。
表3饲料感官品质变化
注:1)对照组为玉米-豆粕-麦麸混合物(过16目)和水均匀,使用最终料水比为1﹕3,保鲜膜密封发酵罐口;发酵组在对照组的处理基础上接种按1.5× 105CFU/g(发酵干基料基础)液态饲料专用菌剂,保鲜膜密封发酵罐口;对照组和发酵组均在37℃恒温培养箱中静置培养发酵24h。发酵起始为玉米-豆粕-麦麸混合物(过16苜)和水按1﹕3混合,未经培养发酵。2)发酵饲料中乳酸菌最低检测值为1×108CFU/g,大肠杆菌检最低检测值为10CFU/g,沙门氏菌最低检测值为0CFU/g,酵母最低检测值为100CFU/g,霉菌最低检测值为10 CFU/g。
表4饲料中粗蛋白及酸溶蛋白含量
表5饲料pH值和有机酸含量
实施例5液态复合发酵菌剂对生猪全价饲料的影响
试验方法:
主发酵单菌28-7菌液、主发酵单菌cqf-43菌液、复合菌剂按实施例4方法制备。
以生长育肥猪全价颗粒饲料为发酵基料,共设置4组。其中1组为对照组,不接种任何发酵菌液;2组为主发酵单菌28-7发酵组,接种主发酵单菌28-7活菌数为(1.0×106~1.0×107)CFU/g;3组为主发酵单菌cqf-43发酵组,接种主发酵单菌cqf-43活菌数为(1.0×106~1.0×107)CFU/g;4组为复合菌剂发酵组,接种复合菌(活菌数为1.0×106~1.0×107)CFU/g。所有组别调整最终水料比为3﹕1,密封、37℃条件下发酵24h。
试验结果:
由下表6可以看出,对照组(不接种任何菌液发酵24h)饲料pH值为5.09,饲料中乳酸含量低于0.01mg/mL;主发酵单菌28-7发酵组、复合菌液发酵组饲料pH分别为3.87、3.77,饲料种乳酸含量分别为32mg/mL、35mg/mL;cqf-43 发酵组饲料pH值虽未下降到4.5以下,但是较对照组也有明显下降,饲料中乳酸含量达到10mg/mL;3个发酵组饲料中乙酸、丙酸、异戊酸含量较低,赋予了饲料酸香味。
由表7可以看出所有试验组脯氨酸(非必需氨基酸)与粗蛋白百分比较原料有不同程度下降;28-7发酵组、cqf-43发酵组、复合菌剂发酵组饲料赖氨酸(必需氨基酸)与粗蛋白百分比较对照组下降3.98%~6.09%,对照组较原料下降 8.01%;此外,28-7发酵组、cqf-43发酵组、复合菌剂发酵组其余15种氨基酸与粗蛋白含量百分比较原料和对照组有不同程度的提升,其中复合菌剂发酵组和对照组精氨酸与粗蛋白含量百分比差异不显著(P>0.05)。
由表8看出复合菌剂发酵饲料中组胺含量显著低于其他组,复合菌剂发酵组、 28-7发酵组饲料中尸胺、腐胺、酪胺、色胺、和苯乙胺含量显著低于对照组和原料;复合菌剂发酵组、1.2441发酵组、28-7发酵组和cqf-43发酵组精胺和亚精胺含量显著高于原料和对照组。
表6发酵饲料pH值及有机酸含量
注:“/”表示低于0.01mg/mL。
表7饲料氨基酸含量与粗蛋白质含量百分比(%)
注:同行肩标字母相同表示差异不显著。
表8饲料中生物胺含量(mg/kg)
注:1)同行肩标字母相同表示差异不显著;2)“/”表示低于检测限度。组胺最低检测限度为0.005mg/kg;苯乙胺、酪胺、酪胺最低检测限度为0.01mg/kg;尸胺、精胺、亚精胺最低检测限度为0.05mg/kg;腐胺最低检测限度为0.2mg/kg.
实施例6复合发酵菌剂液态发酵饲料对断奶仔猪生产性能及胃肠道健康的影响
试验方法:主发酵单菌28-7菌液、附属发酵单菌1.2441菌液按实施例4方法制备。将主发酵单菌28-7菌液、附属发酵单菌1.2441菌液按1﹕1(V﹕V) 混合得到本案例中所用复合菌剂。将基础日粮配方中30%的玉米和15%的豆粕原料混匀,与饮用水按1:2.8的质量体积比加入桶中混合,接种4%(干料基础) 的复合菌剂,混合均匀,桶盖密封,圈舍内室温发酵24h备用。
试验选用体况相近的健康长白×荣昌二元断奶仔猪60头,平均初始体重8.0 ±0.3kg,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头。对照组(Ctrl组)仔猪饲喂全价玉米-豆粕型配合基础饲粮(参照NRC 1998设计)。试验组1(LF组) 饲喂液态饲料,即基础日粮中加入2.8倍(w/v)的饮用水;试验组2(FLF组),饲喂部分谷物发酵液态饲料,即45%的发酵谷物饲料与基础日粮配方中的未发酵部分混合,加入饮用水,调节饲料(风干基础)与水的比例为2.8:1(w/v)。饲养试验持续42天,试验期间各组给予相同的饲养管理,保障仔猪自由采食,自由饮水,安排专人管理。在试验期第42d,从每个处理中各选择5头体重约为22kg 左右的猪,称重后转移至代谢笼中开展消化代谢试验,受试动物单笼饲养,自由饮水。预饲期为3d,试验期为4d,预饲期自由采食,正式期按预饲期采食量90%饲喂,每日饲喂2次,时间为8:00和16:00,准确记录每天的投料量、剩料量和采食量。及时收取粪便和尿液,并加入10%的盐酸固氮,记录粪尿日产生量。
试验结果:液态发酵饲料对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响见表9。与饲喂固态料相比,液态发酵饲料组平均日增重提高21.11%(P<0.01),平均日采食量提高19.52% (P<0.01),料重比差异不显著。相比固态干粉料和液态饲料,液态发酵饲料能极显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重。
液态发酵饲料对断奶仔猪血清中D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶、脂多糖含量的影响见10。与粉料组相比,饲喂液态饲料和液态发酵饲料的仔猪血清D-乳酸含量分别降低29.00%、30.22%,二胺氧化酶含量分别降低6.40%、3.14%、脂多糖LPS 含量分别降低32.01%、28.51%,液态发酵饲料在一定程度上可改善仔猪肠道屏障功能。
不同饲料形式对粪便菌群多样性的影响见下图3、4、5。由图3可知,液态发酵组的猪粪便中菌群结构显著区别于固态干粉料组和液态饲料组,由图4和图 5可知,在属水平上,相比固态干粉料和液态饲料,液态发酵饲料组的猪粪便中乳酸菌属丰度更高,而大肠埃希氏菌属、志贺氏菌属含量显著下降。
表9液态发酵饲料对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响生长性能
表10液态发酵饲料对断奶仔猪血清中D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶、脂多糖含量的影响
实施例7不同复合发酵菌剂对液态饲料感官品质的影响
试验方法:称取100g玉米-豆粕-麦麸混合物于250mL烧杯中,按2%(以发酵干基料为基础)的总接种量进行接种,当发酵菌为复合菌时,各复合单菌体积比相同,27℃发酵24h后测定发酵饲料的pH值,观察记录饲料的色泽,鼻嗅饲料气味,并用稀释涂布法测定饲料中的肠杆菌群、沙门氏菌、酵母和霉菌的活菌数。
试验结果:
表11液态发酵饲料感官品质及其微生物数量
注:1)对照表示不接种任何菌剂的发酵;2)编号1.2441为戊糖片球菌编号,编号4为干酪乳杆菌,编号 15、28号菌株为植物乳杆菌,编号18为哈尔滨乳杆菌,编号20为类谷糠乳杆菌;3)“/”表示数据缺失。
Claims (5)
1.一种微生物复合菌剂,包含主发酵单菌和附属发酵单菌;主发酵单菌为植物乳杆菌28-7、银杏乳杆菌cqf-43中的一种或两种;附属发酵单菌为戊糖片球菌、植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、短乳杆菌中的一种或几种。
2.如权利要求1所述的微生物复合菌剂,两株主发酵单菌中的植物乳杆菌28-7与银杏乳杆菌cqf-43的复合比例为1:1~10:1(V/V)。
3.如权利要求1所述的微生物复合菌剂,主发酵单菌和附属发酵单菌的用量配比为1:1~100:1(V/V)。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述的微生物复合菌剂发酵制备液态饲料中的应用。
5.如权利要求1-3任一所述的微生物复合菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)从固体平板上分别挑取所述发酵菌剂中菌株于MRS液体培养基中,30℃~40℃培养至浑浊得到一级种子液后,按1%~2%的(V/V)比例转接培养至各菌株对数生长期,得到各菌株二级种子液;
(2)将步骤(1)制备得到各菌株二级种子液,混合后得到复合菌剂。
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