CN115136852A - Method for treating mobile sand in alpine region - Google Patents
Method for treating mobile sand in alpine region Download PDFInfo
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- CN115136852A CN115136852A CN202210950384.8A CN202210950384A CN115136852A CN 115136852 A CN115136852 A CN 115136852A CN 202210950384 A CN202210950384 A CN 202210950384A CN 115136852 A CN115136852 A CN 115136852A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating a flowing sand land in an alpine region. The method comprises the following steps: and arranging a grid on the flowing sand, sowing seeds of herbaceous plants at the boundary of the grid, and transplanting woody plants in the center of the grid to form a flowing sand control area. The herbaceous plant may be herba Avenae Fatuae, herba Thalictri Elati and herba Bidentis Bipinnatae. The woody plant can be at least one of Salix purpurea, caragana korshinskii, atriplex canescens, haloxylon ammodendron and floral bouquet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind prevention and sand fixation, in particular to the field of sand control in flowing sand in alpine regions.
Background
The high and cold areas take accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 0 ℃ (the sum is less than or equal to 3000 ℃) and the average temperature of the hottest month is less than or equal to 18 ℃ as main indexes, and the high and cold areas comprise all areas of Tibet and Qinghai provinces, sichuan west, south China, yunnan northwest and Xinjiang south mountain areas. According to investigation, most of desertification land in the alpine region is distributed in the Qinghai province and the Tibet province (region), including severe desertification land, moderate desertification land and mild desertification land; the types of land are moving dunes, semi-stationary dunes, bare sand lands, stationary dunes, semi-bare sand lands, weathering debris, and gobi. The alpine desert region has the characteristics of high altitude, cold climate, dryness, fragile ecological environment, reduced grassland biomass and reduced productivity.
The flowing sand land refers to the sand land with vegetation coverage of less than 15%, strong sand wind activity and flowing ground sand substances. The treatment of flowing sand usually adopts solid materials to arrange barriers on the flowing sand surface (windward surface) to control the movement of the sand and prevent the harm of the sand; or developing afforestation to prevent wind and fix sand. Over time, the vertical or mechanical sand barriers are covered by moving sand dunes, and the sand control effect is weakened year by year. According to statistics: in 1952 to 2005, china carries out the work of sand prevention and control through afforestation, and only 24% of trees survive. Not only the afforestation cost is higher, the survival rate of trees is lower, but also the sand blown activity still exists in the forests in the last years of the survival of the nursery stock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for treating flowing sand in alpine regions, which comprises the following steps: and arranging a grid on the flowing sand, sowing seeds of herbaceous plants at the boundary of the grid, and transplanting woody plants in the center of the grid to form a flowing sand control area.
In one embodiment, the herbaceous plant is oat, elymus nutans and agropyron cristatum.
In a specific embodiment, the seeds of oat, elymus nutans and agropyron cristatum are mixed in a mass ratio of 10.
In a specific embodiment, the seeding rate of the herbaceous plant is 15 to 20 kg/mu.
In one embodiment, the seeding rate of the herbaceous plant is 18 kg/mu.
In a specific embodiment, the woody plant is at least one of salix purpurea, caragana microphylla, atriplex canescens, halaxylon ammodendron, and pistachio stratiotes.
In a specific embodiment, the woody plant transplanted is a 1 year old seedling.
In one embodiment, the grid is a 50cm to 100cm side grid.
In one embodiment, the grid is a 70cm side grid.
In one embodiment, grazing is performed in the mobile sand remediation zone prior to annual blooming.
In one embodiment, the herded livestock is sheep.
In one embodiment, the herded livestock is a Tibetan sheep, such as a Tibetan ewe of four years old.
In one embodiment, the grazing amount is 5 to 10kg herbaceous plant biomass eaten by each sheep.
In one embodiment, the time to grazing is 1 day per year.
The oat planted by the invention belongs to annual herbaceous plants, and seeds are grown in the year. Therefore, seeding is not required subsequently.
The elymus nutans planted by the invention belongs to perennial clustered herbaceous plants, and seeds begin to form in the next year after the elymus nutans is planted.
The invention relates to a platymus platyphylla growing method, which belongs to perennial herbaceous plants and generally begins to seed the next year after planting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The oat, the elymus nutans and the platypodium platyphylla can be planted in a mixed manner and can play a role in promoting each other.
2) The growth of herbaceous plants on the floating sand is beneficial to the improvement of the survival rate of woody plants.
3) Woody plants and herbaceous plants (namely mixed planting of oat, elymus nutans and agropyron fasciatus) are planted on the flowing sand land at the same time, so that the treatment problem of the flowing sand land in the alpine region is solved.
4) The moderate feeding of the Tibetan sheep is further beneficial to the improvement of the coverage of the herbaceous vegetation, so that not only is a necessary food source provided for livestock, but also the further improvement of the coverage of the herbaceous vegetation is more beneficial to wind prevention and sand fixation, and further beneficial to the treatment of the flowing sand land in the alpine region.
5) The method of the invention is adopted to treat the flowing sand in the alpine region without seeding repeatedly every year, thereby saving manpower, material resources and financial resources.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a lattice structure of vegetation planted in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments, but the invention is not limited thereto.
The reagents used in the examples of the present invention were commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The experimental site: the high-altitude sand-water-level land is located on the floating sand land in Zaocy county, south City of Tibet in the middle basin of Yalu Tibet Bujiang, has the altitude of 3576m and belongs to the semiarid monsoon climate in the high plateau temperate zone. The method is mainly characterized in that: the air temperature is low, the rainfall is less, the evaporation capacity is large, and the dry and wet seasons are clear; in winter, the surface is dry, loose substances on the surface are easy to erode, and the degradation problems of drought, vegetation degradation, accelerated soil erosion, accelerated land desertification and the like are easy to occur. The nutrient status of the sand was measured before the test and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| TN g/kg | AN g/kg | TP g/kg | AP mg/kg | TK g/kg | AK g/kg | SOC g/kg | Value of ph |
| 0.2 | 0.014 | 0.658 | 7.78 | 2.573 | 0.029 | 2.67 | 8.74 |
According to the classification standard of nutrients of the Tibetan soil, the pH of the sandy land is more than 8.5, and the sandy land is strong in alkalinity. Except that Total Phosphorus (TP) and Available Phosphorus (AP) are in a relatively deficient state, other nutrients are in a severe deficient state, and the deficiency of the nutrients is not beneficial to the growth of plants.
As shown in fig. 1, a 70cm × 70cm square grid is provided, in which herbaceous plants are planted at the grid boundary 1 indicated by hatching, woody plants are planted at the center 2 of the grid, and no plants are planted at the inner cavity 3 indicated by a blank in the grid. And the grid structure is scribed in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction by using an artificial scriber with the depth of 5cm, and the herbaceous plants are sowed while scribing rows. In the present invention, one row of the herbaceous plants is planted only in the horizontal and vertical directions at the lattice boundary 1.
Example 1
The experimental site: yalu Tibetan brook river middle drainage basin, elevation 3576m. The high-temperature-zone semiarid monsoon climate is characterized by low temperature, less rainfall, large evaporation capacity and clear dry and wet seasons.
Experimental area: 2 mu m.
Experiment time: and 4, 2019, 4 and 13 days.
As shown in fig. 1, qinghai 444 oat seeds were sown at the grid boundary 1 indicated by hatching. Wherein the seeding rate of the Qinghai 444 oat seeds is 20 kg/mu (calculated by the whole area, namely comprising the center 2 and the cavity 3 of the unsown grid). And 10d, transplanting the 1-year-old salix integra seedlings in the center 2 of the grid. Wherein, when the nursery stock is transplanted, the nursery stock is dipped and irrigated with roots, and the overground part of the nursery stock is trimmed to reduce the evaporation of water. Watering is needed 1 time per week from sowing herbaceous plants to 2 weeks after transplanting woody plants. Avoid the cattle and sheep to gnaw.
In 2019, on 23.5.2019, a five-point sampling method is adopted, a grid of 70cm multiplied by 70cm is taken as a sampling point, the emergence condition of the oats is investigated, and the result is shown in table 2. Wherein, the calculation formula is as follows:
and (3) respectively adopting a five-point sampling method on 7 and 13 days in 2019 and 7 and 13 days in 2020, taking a grid of 70cm × 70cm as a sampling point, investigating the condition that the herbaceous plant covers the ground, wherein in the investigation, the grid of 70cm × 70cm is averagely divided into 100 small grids, then investigating the coverage condition of each small grid, and calculating the coverage degree of the herbaceous plant based on the coverage condition of the small grids, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
And (3) taking a five-point sampling method on 13 days in 2019, 9 and 70cm by 70cm grids as a sampling point, collecting overground oat plants, measuring the dry matter quantity of the oat, and calculating the biomass of a unit area, wherein the result is shown in table 2.
The survival conditions of the seedlings are investigated in 2019, month 5, month 23 and 2020, month 5, month 13, and the survival rate of the seedlings transplanted in 2019 and the survival rate in 2020 are calculated, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3. Wherein, the calculation formula is as follows:
example 2
The elymus nutans seeds replace 444 oat seeds in the Qinghai, and the seeding amount of the elymus nutans seeds is 2 kg/mu.
And (3) respectively adopting a five-point sampling method on 5-month 23 days in 2019 and on 5-month 13 days in 2020, using a grid of 70cm multiplied by 70cm as a sampling point, investigating the emergence or green return condition of the elymus nutans, and calculating the emergence rate of the elymus nutans in 2019 and the green return rate in 2020, wherein the results are shown in tables 2 and 3. Wherein, the calculation formula of the green turning rate in 2020 is as follows:
and (3) respectively adopting a five-point sampling method on 7 and 13 days in 2019 and 7 and 13 days in 2020, taking a grid of 70cm × 70cm as a sampling point, investigating the condition that the herbaceous plant covers the ground, wherein in the investigation, the grid of 70cm × 70cm is averagely divided into 100 small grids, then investigating the coverage condition of each small grid, and calculating the coverage degree of the herbaceous plant based on the coverage condition of the small grids, and the result is shown in tables 2 and 3.
Taking a five-point sampling method in 2019, 9, 13 days, using a grid of 70cm multiplied by 70cm as a sampling point, collecting the Elymus nutans overground plants, measuring the dry matter quantity of the Elymus nutans, and calculating the biomass of a unit area, wherein the result is shown in a table 2.
The survival conditions of the seedlings are investigated in 2019, 5-23 days and 2020, 5-13 days, and the survival rate of the seedlings transplanted in 2019 and 2020 in the current year is calculated, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
The rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The platypodium platyphylla seeds are used for replacing 444 oat seeds in the Qinghai, and the seeding amount of the platypodium platyphylla seeds is 2 kg/mu.
Five-point sampling method is adopted on 23 days 5 and 13 days 5 and 2020, respectively, a grid of 70cm x 70cm is used as a sampling point, the emergence condition of the ice grass is investigated, and the emergence rate of the ice grass in 2019 and the green return rate in 2020 are calculated, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
Five-point sampling is respectively carried out on 7/13 th day in 2019 and 7/13 th day in 2020, and the situation that the herbaceous plants cover the ground is investigated by using a grid of 70cm × 70cm as a sampling point, and the coverage results of the herbaceous plants are shown in tables 2 and 3.
Taking a five-point sampling method on 13 days in 2019, 9 and 70cm grids as a sampling point, collecting the ground platypodium, measuring the dry matter quantity of the platypodium, and calculating the biomass in unit area, wherein the result is shown in Table 2.
The survival conditions of the seedlings are investigated in 2019, 5-23 days and 2020, 5-13 days, and the survival rate of the seedlings transplanted in 2019 and 2020 in the current year is calculated, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
The rest was the same as example 2.
Example 4
Mixing seeds of Qinghai 444 oats, elymus nutans and Bidens fasciata according to a mass ratio of 10.
The mixed grass seeds replace the Qinghai 444 oat seeds, and the seeding quantity of the mixed grass seeds is 18 kg/mu.
And (3) adopting a five-point sampling method on 23 days in 5 months in 2019, taking a grid of 70cm multiplied by 70cm as a sampling point, respectively investigating the emergence conditions of the oat, the elymus nutans and the flat-ear wheatgrass, and respectively calculating the emergence rate, wherein the results are shown in a table 2.
A five-point sampling method is adopted on 5, 13 days in 2020, a grid of 70cm multiplied by 70cm is taken as a sampling point, the green returning conditions of the elymus nutans and the elymus platyphylla are respectively investigated, the green returning rates of the elymus nutans and the elymus platyphylla in 2020 are respectively calculated, and the results are shown in Table 3.
The coverage of the grass plants on the ground was investigated on 23 days 7 and 23 in 2019, 13 days 7 and 13 in 2020 and 13 days 7 and 13 in 2021, and the coverage results of the grass plants are shown in tables 2 to 4.
Five-point sampling method is adopted on 9/13 days in 2019 and 9/13 days in 2020, and a grid of 70cm × 70cm is used as a sampling point, overground plants of the mixed grass are collected, the dry matter amount of the mixed grass plants is measured, and the biomass per unit area is calculated, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
The survival conditions of the seedlings were investigated at 23 and 5 months in 2019, 13 and 5 months in 2020 and 13 and 2021, 13 respectively, and the survival rates of the seedlings transplanted in 2019, 2020 and 2021 in the current year were calculated, and the results are shown in tables 2 to 4. The calculation formula of the 2021 year survival rate is as follows:
the rest is the same as example 2.
Example 5
Before blooming in 2019, namely 10 months and 27 days in 2019, 4-year-old Tibetan ewes are grazed for 1 day in a number of 10 ewes/mu.
Before the first frost in 2020, namely 10 months and 27 days in 2020, 4-year-old Tibetan ewes are grazed for 1 day in a quantity of 20 ewes/mu.
Five-point sampling method is adopted on 23 days in 5 months in 2019, a grid of 70cm multiplied by 70cm is used as a sampling point, the emergence conditions of oat, elymus nutans and agropyron fasciatus are respectively investigated, and the emergence rate in 2019 is respectively calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
Five-point sampling method is adopted on 5, 13 days in 2020, and a grid of 70cm × 70cm is used as a sampling point to investigate the green return conditions of the elymus nutans and the elymus platyphylla respectively, and the green return rates of the elymus nutans and the elymus platyphylla in 2020 are calculated respectively (the same as example 2), and the results are shown in Table 3.
The results of herbal coverage on the ground were investigated in 2019, 7/23, 2020, 7/13 and 2021, 7/13, respectively, and the results of herbal coverage are shown in tables 2 to 4.
Five-point sampling method is adopted on 9/13 days in 2019 and 9/13 days in 2020, and a grid of 70cm × 70cm is used as a sampling point, overground plants of the mixed grass are collected, the dry matter amount of the mixed grass plants is measured, and the biomass per unit area is calculated, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
The survival conditions of the seedlings are investigated in 2019, 5-23, 2020, 5-13 and 2021, 5-13, respectively, and the survival rates of the seedlings in 2019, 2020 and 2021 are calculated, and the results are shown in tables 2 to 4.
The rest is the same as example 4.
Example 6
Before blooming in 2019, namely 10 months and 27 days in 2019, stocked 4-year-old Tibetan ewes are grazed for 1 day in a number of 10 ewes/mu in a planting area.
The sheep were not grazed in 2020.
Five-point sampling method is adopted on 23 days in 5 months in 2019, a grid of 70cm multiplied by 70cm is used as a sampling point, the emergence conditions of oat, elymus nutans and agropyron fasciatus are respectively investigated, and the emergence rate in 2019 is respectively calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
Five-point sampling method is adopted on 5, 13 days in 2020, and a grid of 70cm × 70cm is used as a sampling point to investigate the green return conditions of the elymus nutans and the elymus platyphylla respectively, and the green return rates of the elymus nutans and the elymus platyphylla in 2020 are calculated respectively (the same as example 2), and the results are shown in Table 3.
The coverage of the grass plants on the ground was investigated on 23 days 7 and 23 in 2019, 13 days 7 and 13 in 2020 and 13 days 7 and 13 in 2021, and the coverage results of the grass plants are shown in tables 2 to 4.
Taking five-point sampling method on 13 days 9 and 13 days 2020 and 9 months respectively, collecting mixed grass overground plants with a grid of 70cm × 70cm as a sampling point, measuring dry matter amount of the mixed grass plants, and calculating biomass of unit area, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
The survival conditions of the seedlings are investigated at 23 days 5 and 23 in 2019, 13 days 5 and 13 in 2020 and 2021, respectively, and the survival rate of the seedlings transplanted in 2019 and the survival rates in 2020 and 2021 in the current year are calculated, and the results are shown in tables 2 to 4.
The rest is the same as example 4.
Example 7
The high wheatgrass seeds are used for replacing 444 oat seeds in the Qinghai, and the seeding amount of the high wheatgrass seeds is 2 kg/mu.
Herbal coverage was not investigated.
The rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 8
Perennial ryegrass seeds are used for replacing 444 Qinghai oat seeds, and the seeding amount of the perennial ryegrass seeds is 2 kg/mu.
Herbal coverage was not investigated.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 9
Sweet clover seeds are used to replace Qinghai 444 oat seeds, and the sowing amount of the sweet clover seeds is 2 kg/mu.
Herbal coverage was not investigated.
The rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 10
The seeds of the artemisia sphaerocephala maxim are used for replacing 444 oat seeds of Qinghai, and the seeding quantity of the artemisia sphaerocephala maxim seeds is 2 kg/mu.
Herbal coverage was not investigated.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 11
The transplanted seedlings are caragana microphylla of 1 year, and the rest is the same as the example 4.
Example 12
The transplanted nursery stock is 1 year old atriplex canescens, and the rest is the same as example 4.
Example 13
The transplanted seedlings are 1 year-old haloxylon ammodendron, and the rest is the same as example 4.
Example 14
The transplanted nursery stock is a 1-year-old flower stick, and the rest is the same as example 4.
As can be seen from the data in tables 2 to 4, compared with the single planting of the oats, the elymus nutans and the platymus platyphylla, the mixed planting of the oats, the elymus nutans and the platymus platyphylla can remarkably improve the coverage of the herbaceous vegetation year by year, which indicates that the mixed planting of the oats, the platymus nutans and the platymus platymphaea, the three can play a role in promoting each other; moreover, the growth of herbaceous plants on the flowing sand is beneficial to the improvement of the survival rate of woody plants, thereby solving the treatment problem of the flowing sand in alpine regions. In addition, it should be pointed out that the moderate feeding of Tibetan sheep is further beneficial to the improvement of the coverage of the herbaceous vegetation, so that not only is a necessary food source provided for livestock and poultry, but also the further improvement of the coverage of the herbaceous vegetation is more beneficial to wind prevention and sand fixation, and further beneficial to the treatment of the flowing sand in the alpine region.
TABLE 2 2019 survey conditions
Note: "-" indicates that no data statistics were performed.
TABLE 3 survey of 2020
Note: "-" indicates that no data statistics were performed.
TABLE 4 investigation situation in 2021
| Examples | Coverage of herbaceous plants% | Survival rate of woody plants% |
| Example 4 | 75 | 35.9 |
| Example 5 | 95 | 34.8 |
| Example 6 | 88 | 39.7 |
| Example 11 | 78 | 30.7 |
| Example 12 | 72 | 35.3 |
| Example 13 | 74 | 14.7 |
| Example 14 | 74 | 10.0 |
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating flowing sand in alpine regions comprises the following steps: and arranging a grid on the flowing sand, sowing seeds of herbaceous plants at the boundary of the grid, and transplanting woody plants in the center of the grid to form a flowing sand control area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said herbaceous plant is oat, elymus nutans and agropyron fasciatus.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the seeds of oats, the elymus nutans and the agropyron fasciatus are mixed in a mass ratio of 10.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeding rate of the herbaceous plant is 15 to 20 kg/acre.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the woody plant is at least one of rose bengal, caragana microphylla, atriplex canescens, haloxylon, and pistachio.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the woody plant is transplanted as a 1-year seedling.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the grid is a grid having a side length of 50cm to 100 cm.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein grazing is performed on the moving sand treatment before annual blooming.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the grazing livestock is sheep.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the grazing amount is 5 to 10kg herbaceous plant biomass eaten by each sheep.
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