CN115124510B - 一种protac分子、其制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
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Abstract
本发明属于蛋白降解靶向联合体技术领域,公开了一种PROTAC分子、其制备方法及其应用。本发明的PROTAC分子中靶蛋白配体为吡啶羧酸‑1‑氧化物衍生物。在细胞和斑马鱼实验中,药物浓度达到预期效果时,所述PROTAC分子没有显示出毒副作用。在细胞水平上,对人TYR抑制水平达到≤1μmol/L。本发明的PROTAC分子能够通过对酪氨酸酶的降解,显著减少黑色素的形成,同时溶解性好、有效浓度低,还具有优异的安全性和有效性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蛋白降解靶向联合体技术领域,具体涉及一种PROTAC分子、其制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
2020年医疗美容行业市场规模为1975亿元。皮肤美白是医疗美容行业关注的重点之一,安全而有效的美白剂的开发具有很重要的经济价值和意义。
酪氨酸酶(Tyrosinase,TYR)是通过黑素细胞生成黑色素的关键限速酶,因此直接抑制TYR催化活性是最突出、最有效的靶点。市面上大多数化妆品或美白剂都是采用TYR抑制剂。许多TYR抑制剂如对苯二酚(HQ)、熊果苷、曲酸、壬二酸、L-抗坏血酸、间苯二酚衍生物等已被用作美白剂,但也都存在细胞毒性、容易失效等缺陷。具体如表1所示:
表1美白成分机理及缺陷
PROTAC(proteolysis-targetingchimeras,蛋白降解靶向联合体)是一种利用泛素-蛋白酶系(Ubiquitin-ProteasomeSystem,UPS)对靶蛋白进行降解的药物开发技术。相较于传统药物,PROTAC具有用量小、不依赖于亲和力、可选择性高、清除蛋白堆积等优点,能够克服靶蛋白突变/过表达引起的耐药。因此,利用PROTAC技术开发酪氨酸酶抑制剂是很有必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处而提供一种PROTAC分子、其制备方法及其应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
第一方面,本发明提供一种PROTAC分子,所述PROTAC分子中靶蛋白配体为吡啶羧酸-1-氧化物衍生物。
本发明的PROTAC分子在细胞和斑马鱼实验中,药物浓度达到预期效果时,所述PROTAC分子没有显示出毒副作用。在细胞水平上,对人TYR抑制水平达到≤1μmol/L;当1μmol/L浓度药物处理斑马鱼胚胎及幼鱼时,其黑色素生成与阳性对照相比具有显著性差异。即本发明的PROTAC分子能够通过对酪氨酸酶的降解,显著减少黑色素的形成,同时溶解性好、有效浓度低(1μM-10μM),还具有优异的安全性(IC50>200μM)和有效性。
作为本发明所述的PROTAC分子的优选实施方式,所述吡啶羧酸-1-氧化物衍生物的结构式如式(I)所示:
式中,R1为氢键,R2为羟基或氢键,R3为氢硫基。
作为本发明所述的PROTAC分子的优选实施方式,所述PROTAC分子中结合E3泛素连接酶的配体由沙利度胺或来那度胺合成。
作为本发明所述的PROTAC分子的优选实施方式,所述PROTAC分子的结构式为式(II)~式(IV)中任一种:
式(II)中,R1为H或OH;n=2~8;Y为CH2或CO;
式(III)中,R1为H或OH;n=2~8;X为O或N;Y为CH2或CO。
式(IV)中,R1为H或OH;n=2~8;Y为CH2或CO。
第二方面,本发明提供了所述的PROTAC分子的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取吡啶羧酸-1-氧化物衍生物、EDCI、4-二甲氨基吡啶和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,混合,得反应液a;
(2)向所得反应液a中加入沙利度胺或来那度胺,完全反应,得反应液b;
(3)向所得反应液b中加入盐酸和乙酸乙酯萃取,得有机相;
(4)将所得有机相干燥,即成。
作为本发明所述的PROTAC分子的制备方法的优选实施方式,所述吡啶羧酸-1-氧化物衍生物为1-羟基-2-硫代-1,2-二氢吡啶-4-羧酸或2-硫代-1,2-二氢吡啶-4-羧酸。
第三方面,本发明提供一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂,包含所述的PROTAC分子。
第四方面,本发明将所述的PROTAC分子、所述的制备方法或所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂在美白剂、化妆品或皮肤病治疗药物中应用。
作为本发明所述的应用的优选是实施方式,所述药物包括所述PROTAC分子和至少一种可药用载体。
作为本发明所述的应用的优选是实施方式,所述药物为口服制剂、注射剂、气雾剂、软膏剂中的至少一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的PROTAC分子在细胞和斑马鱼实验中,药物浓度达到预期效果时,所述PROTAC分子没有显示出毒副作用。在细胞水平上,对人TYR抑制水平达到≤1μmol/L。即本发明的PROTAC分子能够通过对酪氨酸酶的降解,显著减少黑色素的形成,同时溶解性好、有效浓度低(1μM-10μM),还具有优异的安全性(IC50>200μM)和有效性。可广泛应用于美白剂、化妆品或皮肤病治疗药物中。
附图说明
图1为PROTAC分子的设计图及化学合成路径;
图2为PROTAC分子A3处理对A375细胞TYR蛋白的影响;
图3为PROTAC分子A3处理对MNT-1细胞TYR蛋白的影响;
图4为药物处理对斑马鱼背部黑色素生成的影响(处理时间:1天);
图5为药物处理对斑马鱼背部黑色素生成的影响(处理时间:2天);
图6为药物处理对斑马鱼背部黑色素生成的影响(处理时间:3天);
图7为药物处理对斑马鱼背部黑色素生成的影响(处理时间:4天);
图8为药物处理对斑马鱼背部黑色素生成的影响(处理时间:5天);
图9为不同药物处理下斑马鱼的存活率统计图;
图10为药物处理的斑马鱼黑色素沉淀(处理时间:5天);
图11为MG132处理可抑制A3的作用。
具体实施方式
本发明的PROTAC分子的设计图如图1A所示,其中。该PROTAC分子使用的结合TYR的小分子元件是一种吡啶羧酸-1-氧化物衍生物,命名为S1。S1为TYR小分子抑制剂,可与TYR蛋白直接结合,分子对接模拟图如图1B所示。结合E3泛素连接酶的配体为沙利度胺Thalidomide(CAS No:50-35-1)及其衍生物来那度胺Lenalidomide(CC-5013)(CAS No:191732-72-6),二者为用于合成PROTAC的E3泛素连接酶cereblon(CRBN)的配体。该PROTAC分子的化学合成路径如图1C所示。
为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例中所用的试验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1:合成A1
向反应瓶中加入1-羟基-2-硫代-1,2-二氢吡啶-4-羧酸(0.2mmol),EDCI(1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐)(0.3mmol),DMAP(CAS No:25952-53-8)(4-二甲氨基吡啶)(0.24mmol)和DMF(CAS No:68-12-2)(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)(2mL),室温搅拌5分钟后加入7-amino-N-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)heptanamide(0.22mmol),TLC检测反应完全。向反应瓶中加入0.5mol/L盐酸(2ml),乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,旋干得粗产品。再经半制备色谱制备得目标产物A1,其结构式如式(V)所示:
实施例2:合成A2
向反应瓶中加入2-硫代-1,2-二氢吡啶-4-羧酸(0.2mmol),EDCI(1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐)(0.3mmol),DMAP(4-二甲氨基吡啶)(0.24mmol)和DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)(2mL),室温搅拌5分钟后加入5-amino-N-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxo-isoindolin-4-yl)heptanamide(0.22mmol),TLC检测反应完全。向反应瓶中加入0.5mol/L盐酸(2ml),乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,旋干得粗产品。再经半制备色谱制备得目标产物A2,其结构式如式(VI)所示:
实施例3:合成A2
向反应瓶中加入2-硫代-1,2-二氢吡啶-4-羧酸(0.2mmol),EDCI(1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐)(0.3mmol),DMAP(4-二甲氨基吡啶)(0.24mmol)和DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)(2mL),室温搅拌5分钟后加入7-amino-N-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxo-isoindolin-4-yl)heptanamide(0.22mmol),TLC检测反应完全。向反应瓶中加入0.5mol/L盐酸(2ml),乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,旋干得粗产品。再经半制备色谱制备得目标产物A3,其结构式如式(VII)所示:
实施例4:合成B1
向反应瓶中加入1-羟基-2-硫代-1,2-二氢吡啶-4-羧酸(0.2mmol),EDCI(1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐)(0.3mmol),DMAP(4-二甲氨基吡啶)(0.24mmol)和DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)(2mL),室温搅拌5分钟后加入4-((6-氨基己基)氧基)-2-(2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮(0.22mmol),TLC检测反应完全。向反应瓶中加入0.5mol/L盐酸(2ml),乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,旋干得粗产品。再经半制备色谱制备得目标产物B1,其结构式如式(VIII)所示:
实施例5:合成B2
向反应瓶中加入2-硫代-1,2-二氢吡啶-4-羧酸(0.2mmol),EDCI(1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐)(0.3mmol),DMAP(4-二甲氨基吡啶)(0.24mmol)和DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)(2mL),室温搅拌5分钟后加入4-((6-氨基己基)氧基)-2-(2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮(0.22mmol),TLC检测反应完全。向反应瓶中加入0.5mol/L盐酸(2ml),乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,旋干得粗产品。再经半制备色谱制备得目标产物B2,其结构式如式(IX)所示:
试验例1:人黑色素瘤细胞系A375细胞实验
使用梯度浓度的A3分子处理人黑色素瘤细胞系A375细胞24小时之后,收集蛋白样品做WB检测TYR的蛋白水平;所述梯度浓度中,A3分子的终浓度为0.001μmol/L、0.01μmol/L、0.1μmol/L、1μmol/L、10μmol/L。
结果如图2所示,A3对A375细胞系中的TYR有抑制作用,且随着A3分子的终浓度的增加,对A375细胞系中的TYR的抑制作用越强。
试验例2:人黑色素瘤细胞系MNT-1细胞实验
使用梯度浓度的A3分子处理人黑色素瘤细胞系MNT-1细胞24小时之后,收集蛋白样品做WB检测TYR的蛋白水平;所述梯度浓度中,A3分子的终浓度为0.001μmol/L、0.01μmol/L、0.1μmol/L、1μmol/L、10μmol/L。
结果如图3所示,A3对MNT-1细胞的TYR有显著的抑制作用,且随着A3分子的终浓度的增加,对MNT-1细胞系中的TYR的抑制作用越强。
试验例3:斑马鱼实验
斑马鱼和鱼卵培养条件:温度28℃±1℃。光照:日光灯照射。光暗周期:14h/10h光/暗。
1、实验方法具体如下:
(1)第一天下午:配鱼,同一批次产生800-1000个鱼卵。试验分组:未处理组(阴性对照)、TYR-4药物组A3(10μM)、熊果苷组1(10μM)、熊果苷组2(20mM);
(2)第二天早上:收取鱼卵,分装至24孔板,每孔约10个胚胎,每个处理组12个孔,约120个胚胎;下午换水一次,换成加有不同受试分组样品的E3培养液;
(3)每天早上换水一次,换成加有不同受试分组样品的E3培养液;
(4)鱼破卵膜的日期记为day 0,吸走卵膜,用E3培养液洗两遍培养皿,继续换成加有不同受试分组样品的E3培养液培养;
(5)从day 1开始直到day 5为止,每天早上换水后从个实验组随机挑选15条鱼在体视显微镜拍照测量背部灰度值。统计各组不同药物处理下斑马鱼的存活率。
背部灰度值的测量结果如图4至图8所示,A3对斑马鱼黑色素的生成具有显著的抑制效果。在同等浓度下,A3的效果优于市场上常用的美白药剂熊果苷。
不同药物处理下斑马鱼的存活率如图9所示,熊果苷组2(20mM)组在第3天开始出现死亡现象,熊果苷组1(10μM)组在第4天开始出现死亡现象,在第5天,熊果苷组1(10μM)组的存活率约80%,熊果苷组2(20mM)组的斑马鱼基本死亡,实验浓度的熊果苷对斑马鱼具有一定毒性作用。而有效浓度的A3无任何毒副作用,未出现死亡现象。
2、在Day 5拍照完成后取各组斑马鱼100条(熊果苷10μM组仅剩80至90条活鱼)转移入1.5ml EP管,纯水清洗2遍,加入500μl 1M Tris-HCl,pH=8.0,在冰上超声脉冲裂解(40%功率,on 3s/off 2s每个cycle,超声10min)。12000rpm,4度,离心15min。得到黑色素沉淀。
结果如图10所示,所得到的黑色素沉淀未处理组(阴性对照,图10中左图)最多,TYR-4药物组A3(10μM,图10中中间图)和熊果苷组1(10μM,图10中右图)二者相近,均明显少于未处理组。
试验例4:性能检测
检测A3的细胞毒性、TYR酶抑制效率、溶解性,结果如表2所示:
表2性能检测结果
相对分子质量 | 细胞毒性 | TYR酶抑制效率 | 溶解性 | |
A3 | 523.1889 | IC50>200μM | EC50<10μM | >523mg/ml(in DMSO) |
本发明的PROTAC分子通过对人酪氨酸酶的降解,明显减少黑色素的形成,在细胞水平上对人TYR抑制水平达到≤1μmol/L;1μmol/L浓度药物处理斑马鱼胚胎及幼鱼,其黑色素生成与阳性对照相比具有显著性差异。本发明的PROTAC分子溶解性好,有效浓度低(1μM-10μM),安全性好(IC50>200μM)。在细胞和斑马鱼实验中PROTAC分子浓度达到预期效果时,对细胞无毒副作用。
试验例5:降解途径检测
PROTAC分子降解靶标蛋白的分子机制是通过PROTAC两端的分子元件分别结合靶标蛋白和泛素连接酶,使靶标蛋白发生泛素化,从而使靶标蛋白被蛋白酶体降解。使用蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132来检验PROTAC分子对TYR蛋白水平的影响是否通过蛋白酶体途径降解。
具体处理方法和步骤:
(1)取MNT-1细胞铺6孔板,使其贴壁后生长至80%汇合度。
(2)对细胞进行加药处理,各处理组设置如下:
1)正常对照组;2)1μM浓度A3处理组;3)10μM浓度A3处理组;4)10μM浓度MG132处理组;5)1μM A3+10μM MG132处理组;6)10μM A3+10μM MG132处理组。
(3)加药处理24h之后收集各组的细胞,裂解并收集各处理组的总蛋白裂解液,做WB实验检测TYR蛋白的表达水平。
结果如图11所示,加入MG132之后,PROTAC分子A3对TYR的降解效果明显被抑制,说明A3对TYR的降解确实是通过蛋白酶体途径实现的。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种PROTAC分子,其特征在于,所述PROTAC分子的结构式为式(II)~式(IV)中任一种:
——式(II);
式(II)中,R1为H或OH;n=2~8;Y为CH2或CO;
——式(III);
式(III)中,R1为H或OH;n=2~8;X为O;Y为CH2或CO;
——式(IV);
式(IV)中,R1为H或OH;n=2~8;Y为CH2或CO。
2.一种酪氨酸酶抑制剂,其特征在于,包含权利要求1所述的PROTAC分子。
3.权利要求1所述的PROTAC分子、权利要求2所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂在制备美白剂中的应用。
4.权利要求1所述的PROTAC分子、权利要求2所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂在制备化妆品中的应用。
5.权利要求1所述的PROTAC分子、权利要求2所述的酪氨酸酶抑制剂在制备皮肤病治疗药物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物包括所述PROTAC分子和至少一种可药用载体。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物为口服制剂、注射剂、气雾剂、软膏剂中的至少一种。
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