CN115123192A - 车辆用控制装置 - Google Patents

车辆用控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115123192A
CN115123192A CN202210219823.8A CN202210219823A CN115123192A CN 115123192 A CN115123192 A CN 115123192A CN 202210219823 A CN202210219823 A CN 202210219823A CN 115123192 A CN115123192 A CN 115123192A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
vehicle
wheel drive
motor
control system
controls
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Pending
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CN202210219823.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
井上谕
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Subaru Corp
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Subaru Corp
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Publication of CN115123192A publication Critical patent/CN115123192A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B60W20/14—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion in conjunction with braking regeneration
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/02—Clutches
    • B60W2710/021—Clutch engagement state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/10—Change speed gearings
    • B60W2710/1005—Transmission ratio engaged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60Y2300/18008—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60Y2300/18108—Braking
    • B60Y2300/18125—Regenerative braking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种提高车辆的能效的车辆用控制装置。所述车辆用控制装置具有：行星齿轮机构，其具备第一旋转元件、第二旋转元件以及第三旋转元件；第一车轮，其经由第一路径与所述第一旋转元件连结；第二车轮，其经由第二路径与所述第二旋转元件连结；发动机，其经由第三路径与所述第三旋转元件连结；电动发电机，其设置于所述第一路径；车轮驱动离合器，其位于所述电动发电机与所述第一车轮之间；以及控制系统，其控制所述电动发电机和所述车轮驱动离合器。所述控制系统具有马达停止模式，所述马达停止模式将所述车轮驱动离合器控制为分离状态，并且将所述电动发电机控制为旋转停止状态。

Description

车辆用控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制车辆的车辆用控制装置。
背景技术
具备发动机和电动发电机作为动力源的混合动力车辆正在被开发(参照专利文献1～3)。另外，作为混合动力车辆，将前轮和后轮这两者驱动的全轮驱动车辆也正在被开发。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2000-43696号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2007-244111号公报
专利文献3：日本特开2020-168971号公报
发明内容
技术问题
然而，由于在对前后轮进行驱动的全轮驱动车辆中，由旋转轴和/或齿轮等构成的驱动路径变得复杂，所以存在驱动路径中的能量损失容易增加的问题。因此，谋求通过降低驱动路径的能量损失来提高车辆的能效。
本发明的目的在于提高车辆的能效。
技术方案
一个实施方式的车辆用控制装置对车辆进行控制，所述车辆用控制装置具有：行星齿轮机构，其具备第一旋转元件、第二旋转元件以及第三旋转元件；第一车轮，其经由第一路径与所述第一旋转元件连结；第二车轮，其经由第二路径与所述第二旋转元件连结；发动机，其经由第三路径与所述第三旋转元件连结；电动发电机，其设置于所述第一路径；车轮驱动离合器，其设置于所述第一路径，并位于所述电动发电机与所述第一车轮之间；以及控制系统，其具备以能够彼此通信的方式连接的处理器和存储器，并控制所述电动发电机和所述车轮驱动离合器，所述控制系统具有马达停止模式，所述马达停止模式将所述车轮驱动离合器控制为分离状态，并且将所述电动发电机控制为旋转停止状态。
技术效果
一个实施方式的车辆用控制装置具有控制电动发电机和车轮驱动离合器的控制系统。控制系统具有马达停止模式，该马达停止模式将车轮驱动离合器控制为分离状态，并且将电动发电机控制为旋转停止状态。由此，能够提高车辆的能效。
附图说明
图1是示出具备作为本发明的一个实施方式的车辆用控制装置的车辆的构成例的图。
图2是示出动力单元和后驱动单元的构成例的图。
图3是示出动力单元、后驱动单元以及控制系统的一例的图。
图4是简单地示出各控制单元的基本结构的图。
图5A是示出全轮驱动模式和全轮再生模式的执行状况的图。
图5B是示出前轮再生模式的执行状况的图。
图5C是示出马达停止模式的执行状况的图。
图6是示出行驶模式设定控制1的执行顺序的一例的流程图。
图7A是示出滑行行驶时的马达停止模式的执行状况的图。
图7B是示出图7A所示的中央差速器的工作状态的共线图。
图8是示出滑行行驶时的前轮再生模式的执行状况的图。
图9是示出滑行行驶时的全轮再生模式的执行状况的图。
图10是示出行驶模式设定控制2的执行顺序的一例的流程图。
图11A是示出高速行驶时的马达停止模式的执行状况的图。
图11B是示出图11A所示的中央差速器的工作状态的共线图。
图12是示出高速行驶时的全轮驱动模式的执行状况的图。
图13是示出行驶模式切换控制的执行顺序的一例的流程图。
图14A是示出马达停止模式的执行状况的图。
图14B是示出全轮驱动模式的执行状况的图。
图15是示出行驶模式切换控制中的中央差速器的工作状态的推移的共线图。
图16A是作为实施例而示出行驶模式切换控制的执行状况的一例的时序图。
图16B是作为比较例而示出行驶模式切换控制的执行状况的一例的时序图。
符号说明
10：车辆用控制装置
11：车辆
12：发动机
18：后轮(第一车轮)
20：前轮(第二车轮)
21：行星齿轮机构
23：后轮驱动路径(第一路径)
24：前轮驱动路径(第二路径)
25：动力传递路径(第三路径)
26：差动限制离合器
32：变速机构
60：电动发电机
65：后离合器(车轮驱动离合器)
70：控制系统
93：电池(蓄电设备)
100：处理器
101：存储器
R：齿圈(第一旋转元件)
S：太阳轮(第二旋转元件)
C：行星架(第三旋转元件)
S1：阈值
V1：阈值
具体实施方式
以下，基于附图对本发明的实施方式详细地进行说明。应予说明，在以下的说明中，对相同或者实质上相同的构成和/或要素标注相同的符号并省略重复的说明。
[车辆用控制装置的整体构成]
图1是示出具备作为本发明的一个实施方式的车辆用控制装置10的车辆11的构成例的图。如图1所示，在车辆11搭载有具备发动机12和变速器13的动力单元14。另外，在动力单元14的输出轴15经由传动轴16和后驱动单元17连结有后轮18。此外，在变速器13组装有前差速器19，在前差速器19连结有前轮20。
图2是示出动力单元14和后驱动单元17的构成例的图。如图2所示，在动力单元14设置有具备行星齿轮机构21的中央差速器22。在中央差速器22经由后轮驱动路径23连结有后轮18，经由前轮驱动路径24连结有前轮20。另外，在中央差速器22经由动力传递路径25连结有发动机12。由此，发动机12、前轮20以及后轮18经由中央差速器22彼此连结。
[动力单元]
对动力单元14的构成进行说明。如上所述，在动力单元14设置有具备行星齿轮机构21的中央差速器22。行星齿轮机构21具有也被称为内齿轮的齿圈R、旋转自如地支承与齿圈R啮合的小齿轮P的行星架C、以及与小齿轮P啮合的太阳轮S。另外，在中央差速器22设置有将齿圈R与行星架C彼此接合的差动限制离合器26。
在中央差速器22的齿圈(第一旋转元件)R经由后轮驱动路径(第一路径)23连结有后轮(第一车轮)18。另外，在中央差速器22的太阳轮(第二旋转元件)S经由前轮驱动路径(第二路径)24连结有前轮(第二车轮)20。此外，在中央差速器22的行星架(第三旋转元件)C经由动力传递路径(第三路径)25连结有发动机12。
在发动机12与中央差速器22之间设置有变矩器30、前进后退切换机构31以及变速机构32。即，发动机12与中央差速器22经由由变矩器30、前进后退切换机构31以及变速机构32等构成的动力传递路径25而连结。在与发动机12的曲轴33连结的变矩器30连结有切换行星架34c的旋转方向的前进后退切换机构31。前进后退切换机构31具有双小齿轮型的行星齿轮系34、将行星齿轮系34的太阳轮34s与行星架34c彼此接合的前进离合器35、以及将行星齿轮系34的齿圈34r固定于变速箱36的后退制动器37。
在前进行驶时，前进离合器35被接合，后退制动器37被分离。由此，能够使输入侧的太阳轮34s与输出侧的行星架34c的旋转方向彼此一致，并且能够使变速机构32沿前进行驶时的旋转方向旋转。另一方面，在后退行驶时，后退制动器37被接合，前进离合器35被分离。由此，能够使输入侧的太阳轮34s与输出侧的行星架34c的旋转方向彼此反转，并且能够使变速机构32沿后退行驶时的旋转方向旋转。
变速机构32具有被主轴40支承的主带轮41、以及被副轴42支承的副带轮43。另外，在主带轮41设置有主油室41a，在副带轮43设置有副油室43a。此外，驱动链44卷绕在主带轮41和副带轮43。在该变速机构32中，通过调整主油室41a和副油室43a的液压而能够使驱动链44的卷绕直径变化，并且能够进行从主轴40相对于副轴42的无级变速。应予说明，在变速机构32的副轴42连结有作为中央差速器22的输入元件的行星架C。
另外，在中央差速器22与前轮20之间设置有齿轮系50和前差速器19。换言之，中央差速器22与前轮20经由由齿轮系50和前差速器19等构成的前轮驱动路径24而连结。即，在作为中央差速器22的输出元件的太阳轮S连结有驱动齿轮50a，在与该驱动齿轮50a啮合的从动齿轮50b连结有前轮驱动轴51。在前轮驱动轴51的前端部设置有小齿轮52，在该小齿轮52啮合有固定于前差速器19的差速器壳体53的锥齿轮54。并且，在从前差速器19延伸的前轴55连结有前轮20。应予说明，彼此啮合的小齿轮52和锥齿轮54被构成为具备曲齿的弧齿锥齿轮和/或准双曲面(Hypoid)(注册商标)齿轮。
[后驱动单元]
对后驱动单元17的构成进行说明。在与作为中央差速器22的输出元件的齿圈R连结的输出轴15，即在动力单元14的输出轴15，经由传动轴16而连结有后驱动单元17。在该后驱动单元17组装有电动发电机60和后差速器61。在电动发电机60的转子轴62设置有锥齿轮63，在该锥齿轮63啮合有与传动轴16连结的小齿轮64。应予说明，彼此啮合的小齿轮64和锥齿轮63构成为具备曲齿的弧齿锥齿轮和/或准双曲面(注册商标)齿轮。另外，在电动发电机60的转子轴62经由后离合器(车轮驱动离合器)65连结有驱动齿轮66。此外，在驱动齿轮66啮合有固定于后差速器61的差速器壳体67的从动齿轮68。并且，在从后差速器61延伸的后轴69连结有后轮18。
由此，中央差速器22与后轮18经由由传动轴16和后驱动单元17等构成的后轮驱动路径23而连结。并且，在连结中央差速器22与后轮18的后轮驱动路径23设置有电动发电机60和后离合器65。另外，后离合器65位于电动发电机60与后轮18之间。通过将该后离合器65控制为分离状态，从而能够将后轮18从小齿轮轴和转子轴62分开，并能够将发动机12和电动发电机60从后轮18分开。另一方面，通过将后离合器65控制为接合状态，从而能够将后轮18与小齿轮轴和转子轴62连接，并能够将后轮18与发动机12和电动发电机60连接。
[控制系统]
图3是示出动力单元14、后驱动单元17以及控制系统70的一例的图。如图3所示，为了控制动力单元14和后驱动单元17等而在车辆用控制装置10设置有由多个电子控制单元构成的控制系统70。作为构成控制系统70的电子控制单元，设置有发动机控制单元(ECU：Engine Control Unit)71、以及变速器控制单元(TCU：Transmission Control Unit)72。另外，作为构成控制系统70的电子控制单元，设置有马达控制单元(MCU：Motor ControlUnit)73、以及电池控制单元(BCU：Battery Control Unit)74。此外，作为构成控制系统70的电子控制单元，设置有向各控制单元71～74输出控制信号的车辆控制单元(VCU：VehicleControl Unit)75。
这些控制单元71～75经由CAN和/或LIN等车载网络76以能够彼此通信的方式连接。车辆控制单元75基于来自各种控制单元71～74和/或后述的各种传感器的输入信息，设定发动机12、电动发电机60、变速机构32、差动限制离合器26以及后离合器65等的工作目标。然后，生成与发动机12和/或电动发电机60等的工作目标相对应的控制信号，并对各种控制单元71～74输出这些控制信号。
作为与车辆控制单元75连接的传感器，有检测作为车辆11的行驶速度的车速的车速传感器77，有检测油门踏板的操作量(以下，记载为油门开度)的油门传感器78，有检测制动踏板的操作量的制动传感器79。另外，作为与车辆控制单元75连接的传感器，有检测前轮20和后轮18的转速的车轮速度传感器80，有检测被驾驶员操作的转向的转向角的转向角传感器81。应予说明，在车辆控制单元75连接有在启动控制系统70时由驾驶员操作的启动开关82。
另外，在变速器控制单元72连接有检测主带轮41的转速的主旋转传感器83、检测副带轮43的转速的副旋转传感器84。此外，在马达控制单元73连接有检测电动发电机60的转子60r的转速(以下，记载为马达转速)的马达旋转传感器85。此外，在电池控制单元74连接有对后述的电池93的充电放电电流、端子电压以及温度等进行检测的电池传感器86。
另外，为了控制前进后退切换机构31、变速机构32、差动限制离合器26以及后离合器65等液压设备，在车辆11设置有由多个电磁阀和/或油路等构成的阀单元90。此外，在阀单元90连接有被发动机12等驱动的油泵91。从油泵91排出的工作油通过阀单元90而控制供给目标和/或压力等，并供给到差动限制离合器26和/或后离合器65等液压设备。由于经由该阀单元90对差动限制离合器26和/或后离合器65等液压设备进行控制，所以变速器控制单元72对阀单元90输出控制信号。
另外，在电动发电机60的定子60s经由变换器92连接有锂离子电池等电池(蓄电设备)93。控制电动发电机60的马达控制单元73向作为电力变换设备的变换器92输出控制信号。另外，监视电池93的充电放电状况的电池控制单元74具有基于由电池传感器86检测出的充电放电电流等而计算出作为电池93的充电状态的SOC(State of Charge：充电状态)的功能。应予说明，电池93的SOC是表示电池93的剩余电量的比率，是电池93的蓄电量相对于满充电容量的比率。例如，在电池93被充电至上限容量的情况下，SOC被计算为100％，在电池93被放电至下限容量的情况下，SOC被计算为0％。另外，控制发动机12的发动机控制单元71对节气阀和/或喷射器等辅机94输出控制信号。
图4是简单地示出各控制单元71～75的基本结构的图。如图4所示，各控制单元71～75具有组装了处理器100和存储器101等的微控制器102。在存储器101储存有预定的程序，并通过处理器100来执行程序的指令集。处理器100和存储器101以能够彼此通信的方式连接。应予说明，虽然在图示的例子中，在微控制器102组装有一个处理器100和一个存储器101，但是不限于此，也可以在微控制器102组装多个处理器100，还可以在微控制器102组装多个存储器101。
另外，在各控制单元71～75设置有输入变换电路103、驱动电路104、通信电路105、外部存储器106以及电源电路107等。输入变换电路103将从各种传感器输入的信号变换为能够输入到微控制器102的信号。驱动电路104基于从微控制器102输出的信号，生成针对上述的阀单元90等致动器的驱动信号。通信电路105将从微控制器102输出的信号变换为面向其他控制单元的通信信号。另外，通信电路105将从其他控制单元接收到的通信信号变换为能够输入到微控制器102的信号。此外，电源电路107对微控制器102、输入变换电路103、驱动电路104、通信电路105以及外部存储器106等供给稳定的电源电压。另外，在非易失性存储器等外部存储器106存储有在不通电时也应保持的数据等。
[行驶模式]
接着，对车辆11的行驶模式进行说明。图5A是示出全轮驱动模式和全轮再生模式的执行状况的图，图5B是示出前轮再生模式的执行状况的图，图5C是示出马达停止模式的执行状况的图。如后所述，作为使车辆11行驶时的行驶模式，控制系统70具有全轮驱动模式、全轮再生模式、前轮再生模式以及马达停止模式。
如图5A所示，在执行全轮驱动模式和/或全轮再生模式时，差动限制离合器26被控制为分离状态，后离合器65被控制为接合状态。由此，发动机12、电动发电机60、前轮20以及后轮18经由中央差速器22而彼此连结。即，在加速行驶时和/或稳定行驶时所执行的全轮驱动模式中，差动限制离合器26被控制为分离状态，后离合器65被控制为接合状态，电动发电机60被控制为动力运行状态。由此，能够向前轮20和后轮18这两者分配从发动机12和/或电动发电机60输出的驱动力。此外，在全轮驱动模式中，通过控制电动发电机60的动力运行扭矩而能够自如地调整后轮18、前轮20的驱动力分配比。应予说明，虽然在图示的例子中，将差动限制离合器26控制为分离状态，但是不限于此，也可以将差动限制离合器26控制为接合状态。
另外，在减速行驶时所执行的全轮再生模式中，差动限制离合器26被控制为分离状态，后离合器65被控制为接合状态，电动发电机60被控制为再生状态。由此，能够向前轮20和后轮18这两者分配在发动机12和/或电动发电机60产生的制动力。此外，在全轮再生模式中，通过控制电动发电机60的再生扭矩，而能够自如地调整后轮18、前轮20的制动力分配比。应予说明，虽然在图示的例子中，将差动限制离合器26控制为分离状态，但是不限于此，也可以将差动限制离合器26控制为接合状态。
如图5B所示，在执行前轮再生模式(马达再生模式)时，差动限制离合器26被控制为接合状态，后离合器65被控制为分离状态，电动发电机60被控制为再生状态。由此，能够将电动发电机60从后轮18分开，并将电动发电机60与前轮20连接。即，能够针对容易提高制动力的前轮20而直接连结电动发电机60，因此能够大幅提高电动发电机60的再生扭矩，并且能够提高车辆11的能效。
另外，如图5C所示，在执行马达停止模式时，差动限制离合器26被控制为分离状态，后离合器65被控制为分离状态，电动发电机60被控制为旋转停止状态。即，由于后离合器65被分离，所以能够将后轮18从电动发电机60分开。另外，由于差动限制离合器26被分离，所以能够在使前轮20旋转的状态下使电动发电机60停止。由此，在车辆行驶过程中，能够使传动轴16、小齿轮64、锥齿轮63以及转子60r的旋转停止。即，能够降低后轮驱动路径23的旋转阻力，并且能够提高车辆11的能效。应予说明，电动发电机60的旋转停止状态是指以将马达转速维持为零的状态的方式控制马达扭矩的状态。
[行驶模式设定控制1]
对设定减速行驶时的行驶模式的行驶模式设定控制1进行说明。图6是示出行驶模式设定控制1的执行顺序的一例的流程图。在图6的流程图所示的各步骤中示出由构成控制系统70的一个或多个处理器100执行的处理。另外，图6所示的行驶模式设定控制1是在由驾驶员操作启动开关82而使由车辆控制单元75等构成的控制系统70启动之后，由控制系统70按照每个预定周期执行的控制。另外，图7A是示出滑行行驶时的马达停止模式的执行状况的图，图7B是示出图7A所示的中央差速器22的工作状态的共线图。此外，图8是示出滑行行驶时的前轮再生模式的执行状况的图。应予说明，在图7A和图8中使用箭头示出扭矩流。
如图6所示，在步骤S10中，判定行驶模式设定控制1的前提条件是否成立。在此，作为行驶模式设定控制1的前提条件，列举出控制系统70正常地发挥功能的情况和/或允许电动发电机60的再生动作的情况。即，在步骤S10中，在控制系统70正常地发挥功能且允许电动发电机60的再生动作的情况下，判定为前提条件成立，进入接下来的步骤S11。
在步骤S11中，判定车辆11的行驶状态是否为滑行行驶。即，在步骤S11中，在判定为驾驶员对油门踏板和制动踏板的踩踏被解除的情况下，判定为正在执行使车辆11缓慢地减速的滑行行驶。在步骤S11中，在判定为是滑行行驶的情况下，进入步骤S12，判定电池93的SOC是否超过预定的阈值S1(例如95％)。
在步骤S12中，由于在判定为电池93的SOC超过阈值S1的情况下，难以进行电动发电机60的能量再生，所以进入步骤S13，执行使电动发电机60的旋转停止的马达停止模式。即，如图7A所示，控制系统70将差动限制离合器26控制为分离状态，将后离合器65控制为分离状态，将电动发电机60控制为旋转停止状态。由此，能够在车辆11缓慢地减速的滑行行驶过程中，使传动轴16、小齿轮64、锥齿轮63以及转子60r的旋转停止。即，能够使后轮驱动路径23的旋转阻力和/或油搅拌阻力下降，因此能够延长滑行行驶的行驶距离而提高车辆11的能效。
另外，如图7B所示，通过在滑行行驶时执行马达停止模式，从而能够使电动发电机60的旋转停止(符号A1)，并且能够在维持车速的状态下使行星架C的转速下降(箭头A2)。由此，能够使由变速机构32等构成的动力传递路径25的转速下降，并且能够使动力传递路径25的旋转阻力和/或油搅拌阻力下降，因此能够延长滑行行驶的行驶距离而提高车辆11的能效。此外，由于电动发电机60被控制为旋转停止状态，所以能够避免电动发电机60的弱励磁控制等，因此从该点来看也能够提高车辆11的能效。
另外，在图6的步骤S12中，由于在判定为电池93的SOC为阈值S1以下的情况下，谋求基于电动发电机60的能量再生，所以进入步骤S14，执行将前轮20与电动发电机60直接连结的前轮再生模式。即，如图8所示，控制系统70将差动限制离合器26控制为接合状态，将后离合器65控制为分离状态，将电动发电机60控制为再生状态。由此，在车辆11缓慢地减速的滑行行驶过程中，能够使电动发电机60积极地再生，并且能够提高车辆11的能效。应予说明，在图8所示的例子中，从前轮20输入的动力的一部分从中央差速器22向发动机12传递。
虽然在上述的说明中，在滑行行驶时判定为电池93的SOC为阈值S1以下的情况下，执行前轮再生模式作为行驶模式，但是不限于此。例如，在滑行行驶时判定为电池93的SOC为阈值S1以下的情况下，可以执行全轮再生模式作为行驶模式。在此，图9是示出滑行行驶时的全轮再生模式的执行状况的图。应予说明，在图9中使用箭头示出扭矩流。
如图9所示，在滑行行驶时判定为电池93的SOC为阈值S1以下的情况下，可以执行全轮再生模式作为行驶模式。即，如图9所示，控制系统70将差动限制离合器26控制为分离状态，将后离合器65控制为接合状态，将电动发电机60控制为再生状态。由此，即使在滑行行驶过程中使电动发电机60再生的情况下也能够将制动力分配到前轮20和后轮18，因此即使是雪道等容易打滑的路面也能够使滑行行驶稳定。应予说明，虽然在图9所示的例子中，将差动限制离合器26控制为分离状态，但是不限于此，也可以将差动限制离合器26控制为接合状态。
[行驶模式设定控制2]
接着，对设定加速行驶时和/或稳定行驶时的行驶模式的行驶模式设定控制2进行说明。图10是示出行驶模式设定控制2的执行顺序的一例的流程图。在图10的流程图所示的各步骤中示出由构成控制系统70的一个或多个处理器100执行的处理。另外，图10所示的行驶模式设定控制2是在由驾驶员操作启动开关82而使由车辆控制单元75等构成的控制系统70启动之后，由控制系统70按照每个预定周期执行的控制。另外，图11A是示出高速行驶时的马达停止模式的执行状况的图，图11B是示出图11A所示的中央差速器22的工作状态的共线图。此外，图12是示出高速行驶时的全轮驱动模式的执行状况的图。应予说明，在图11A和图12中使用箭头示出扭矩流。
如图10所示，在步骤S20中，判定行驶模式设定控制2的前提条件是否成立。在此，作为行驶模式设定控制2的前提条件，列举出控制系统70正常地发挥功能的情况和/或允许电动发电机60的动力运行动作的情况。即，在步骤S20中，在控制系统70正常地发挥功能且允许电动发电机60的动力运行动作的情况下，判定为前提条件成立，进入接下来的步骤S21。
在步骤S21中，判定是否处于由驾驶员正在操作油门踏板的状况。在步骤S21中，在判定为正在操作油门踏板的情况下，即在判定为车辆11正在进行加速行驶或稳定行驶的情况下，进入步骤S22，判定车速是否超过预定的阈值V1。在步骤S22中，由于在判定为是车速超过阈值V1的高速行驶的情况下，电动发电机60的能效处于容易降低的状况，所以进入步骤S23，执行使电动发电机60的旋转停止的马达停止模式。
即，如图11A所示，控制系统70将差动限制离合器26控制为分离状态，将后离合器65控制为分离状态，将电动发电机60控制为旋转停止状态。由此，在车速超过阈值V1的高速行驶中，能够使电动发电机60的旋转停止，并且能够避免用于维持电动发电机60的高速旋转的弱励磁控制。由此，能够削减电动发电机60的能量损耗，并且能够提高车辆11的能效。另外，在车速超过阈值V1的高速行驶中，能够使传动轴16、小齿轮64、锥齿轮63以及转子60r的旋转停止。即，能够使后轮驱动路径23的旋转阻力和/或油搅拌阻力下降，因此能够提高高速行驶时的车辆11的能效。
另外，如图11B所示，通过在高速行驶时执行马达停止模式，从而能够使电动发电机60的旋转停止(符号B1)，并且能够在维持车速的状态下使行星架C的转速下降(箭头B2)。由此，能够使由变速机构32等构成的动力传递路径25的转速下降，并且能够使动力传递路径25的旋转阻力和/或油搅拌阻力下降，因此能够提高高速行驶时的车辆11的能效。
另外，在图10的步骤S22中，由于在判定为车速为阈值V1以下的情况下，电动发电机60的能效处于不大幅降低的状况，所以进入步骤S24，执行驱动前轮20和后轮18这两者的全轮驱动模式。即，如图12所示，控制系统70将差动限制离合器26控制为分离状态，将后离合器65控制为接合状态，将电动发电机60控制为动力运行状态。由此，能够将驱动力分配到前轮20和后轮18，因此即使是雪道等容易打滑的路面，也能够使车辆11的姿态稳定。
应予说明，虽然在图12所示的例子中，将差动限制离合器26控制为分离状态，但是不限于此，也可以将差动限制离合器26控制为接合状态。另外，虽然在图12所示的例子中，将电动发电机60控制为动力运行状态，但是不限于此。即，在发动机12扭矩大的情况下、油门开度小的情况下、SOC低的情况下等，即使是进行加速行驶和/或稳定行驶的全轮驱动模式，有时也将电动发电机60控制为再生状态。
[行驶模式切换控制]
以下，对将行驶模式从马达停止模式切换为全轮驱动模式的行驶模式切换控制进行说明。图13是示出行驶模式切换控制的执行顺序的一例的流程图。在图13的流程图所示的各步骤中示出由构成控制系统70的一个或多个处理器100执行的处理。另外，图13所示的行驶模式切换控制是在马达停止模式中由控制系统70执行的控制。另外，图14A是示出马达停止模式的执行状况的图，图14B是示出全轮驱动模式的执行状况的图。此外，图15是示出行驶模式切换控制中的中央差速器22的工作状态的推移的共线图。应予说明，在图14A和图14B中使用箭头示出扭矩流。
如图13所示，在步骤S30中，执行马达停止模式作为行驶模式。即，如图14A所示，控制系统70将差动限制离合器26控制为分离状态，将后离合器65控制为分离状态，将电动发电机60控制为旋转停止状态。接下来，如图13所示，在步骤S31中，基于驾驶状况和/或行驶状况等来判定是否设定全轮驱动请求标记。
在此，全轮驱动请求标记是在将行驶模式从马达停止模式切换为全轮驱动模式时设定的标记。例如，在油门开度超过预定的阈值的情况下、转向的转向角超过预定的阈值的情况下、或者各车轮的滑移率超过预定的阈值的情况下，从使车辆行驶稳定的观点出发而设定全轮驱动请求标记。另一方面，在油门开度为预定的阈值以下、转向的转向角为预定的阈值以下、并且各车轮的滑移率为预定的阈值以下的情况下，车辆行驶稳定，因此解除全轮驱动请求标记。
在步骤S31中，在判定为设定有全轮驱动请求标记的情况下，进入步骤S32，开始进行从马达停止模式向全轮驱动模式的切换。在此，如图14A和图14B所示，为了从马达停止模式切换到全轮驱动模式，需要将后离合器65从分离状态切换为接合状态。因此，谋求通过将电动发电机60控制为动力运行状态，从而使停止中的传动轴16和/或转子轴62旋转，消除后离合器65前后的转速差。即，如图15所示，在行驶过程中的太阳轮S的转速为“N1”的情况下，如箭头C1所示，需要提高马达转速直到齿圈R的转速达到“N1”为止。应予说明，在图15所示的例子中，前轮驱动路径24的齿轮比与后轮驱动路径23的齿轮比彼此一致。即，齿圈R与太阳轮S的转速彼此一致的状况是前轮20与后轮18的转速彼此一致的状况。
由此，如果提高马达转速，则如图15中箭头C2所示，通过电动发电机60而使行星架C的转速提高，经由动力传递路径25也使曲轴33的转速(以下，记载为发动机转速)提高。然而，在行驶模式切换时发动机转速过度地变化的情况是导致给驾驶员带来不适感的主要原因。因此，在图13的步骤S32中，控制系统70提高马达转速，并且执行变速机构32的升档。然后，在步骤S33中，判定后离合器65前后的转速差ΔN是否低于预定的阈值Nx(例如100rpm)。在步骤S33中，由于在判定为转速差ΔN低于阈值Nx的情况下，消除了后离合器65前后的转速差，所以进入步骤S34，后离合器65被控制为接合状态，从马达停止模式向全轮驱动模式的转移结束。应予说明，后离合器65前后的转速差ΔN是指转子轴62与驱动齿轮66之间的转速差。
在此，图16A是作为实施例而示出行驶模式切换控制的执行状况的一例的时序图，图16B是作为比较例而示出行驶模式切换控制的执行状况的一例的时序图。应予说明，在图16A和图16B中，“Ne”为发动机转速，“Nc”为与马达转速连动的行星架C的转速，“Rg”为变速机构32的变速比。
如图16A所示，如果在时刻t1开始进行从马达停止模式向全轮驱动模式的切换，则通过马达转速的上升而使行星架C的转速Nc从N2朝向N1上升(符号a1)。此时，由于进行变速机构32的升档，所以变速机构32的变速比Rg向高侧变化(符号b1)。由此，通过执行变速机构32的升档而能够抑制伴随行星架C的上升的发动机转速Ne的上升(符号c1)。然后，如时刻t2所示，如果行星架C的转速Nc达到N1(符号a2)，则后离合器65的前后的转速差被消除，因此，后离合器65被接合而结束向全轮驱动模式的切换。由此，通过执行变速机构32的升档，从而能够抑制发动机转速Ne的过度的上升，并且能够在不给驾驶员带来不适感的情况下切换行驶模式。应予说明，虽然在图16A所示的例子中，将发动机转速Ne保持为恒定，但是不限于此，也可以在不给驾驶员带来不适感的范围内上下变化。
另一方面，如图16B所示，如果在时刻t1开始从马达停止模式向全轮驱动模式的切换，则通过马达转速的上升而使行星架C的转速Nc从N2朝向N1上升(符号d1)。此时，如果维持变速机构32的变速比Rg(符号e1)，则发动机转速Ne随着行星架C的上升而上升(符号f1)。而且，发动机转速Ne的上升持续到行星架C的转速Nc达到N1为止。由此，在维持变速机构32的变速比Rg的情况下，有可能导致发动机转速Ne的过度的上升而给驾驶员带来不适感。对此，如图16A所示，通过执行变速机构32的升档而能够抑制发动机转速Ne的过度的上升。
本发明不限于上述实施方式，当然在不脱离其主旨的范围内能够进行各种变更。虽然在上述的说明中，通过多个控制单元71～75来构成控制系统70，但是不限于此。例如，也可以通过一个控制单元来构成控制系统70。另外，虽然在上述的说明中，使用无级变速器作为变速机构32，但是不限于此，也可以使用行星齿轮式的自动变速器作为变速机构32。另外，虽然在上述的说明中，将齿圈R与后轮18连结，将太阳轮S与前轮20连结，但是不限于此，也可以将齿圈R与前轮20连结，将太阳轮S与后轮18连结。即，使用齿圈R作为第一旋转元件，使用太阳轮S作为第二旋转元件，但是不限于此，也可以使用太阳轮S作为第一旋转元件，使用齿圈R作为第二旋转元件。另外，虽然在图示的例子中，作为行星齿轮机构21而使用单小齿轮型的行星齿轮机构，但是不限于此，也可以使用其他形式的行星齿轮机构。由此，即使在使用其他形式的行星齿轮机构的情况下，也能够将在共线图上位于两端的旋转元件用作第一旋转元件和第二旋转元件。
虽然在上述的说明中，使用液压离合器作为差动限制离合器26和/或后离合器65，但是不限于此。例如，也可以通过电动致动器等来控制差动限制离合器26和/或后离合器65。另外，虽然差动限制离合器26和/或后离合器65为摩擦离合器，但是不限于此，也可以使用啮合离合器作为差动限制离合器26和/或后离合器65。另外，虽然差动限制离合器26使齿圈R与行星架C彼此接合，但是不限于此，只要将齿圈R、行星架C以及太阳轮S中的至少任意两个接合即可。
虽然在上述的说明中，使用后轮18作为第一车轮，使用前轮20作为第二车轮，但是不限于此，也可以使用前轮20作为第一车轮，使用后轮18作为第二车轮。在该情况下，在马达停止模式中，前轮20从电动发电机60和/或发动机12分开。另外，在图6所示的流程图中，虽然在滑行行驶时电池93的SOC超过阈值S1的情况下，执行马达停止模式，但是不限于此。例如，在踩踏制动踏板的车辆11减速时，在电池93的SOC为阈值S1以下的情况下，也可以执行将差动限制离合器26和后离合器65分离，并将电动发电机60控制为旋转停止状态的马达停止模式。

Claims (6)

1.一种车辆用控制装置，其特征在于，对车辆进行控制，
所述车辆用控制装置具有：
行星齿轮机构，其具备第一旋转元件、第二旋转元件以及第三旋转元件；
第一车轮，其经由第一路径与所述第一旋转元件连结；
第二车轮，其经由第二路径与所述第二旋转元件连结；
发动机，其经由第三路径与所述第三旋转元件连结；
电动发电机，其设置于所述第一路径；
车轮驱动离合器，其设置于所述第一路径，并位于所述电动发电机与所述第一车轮之间；以及
控制系统，其具备以能够彼此通信的方式连接的处理器和存储器，并控制所述电动发电机和所述车轮驱动离合器，
所述控制系统具有马达停止模式，所述马达停止模式将所述车轮驱动离合器控制为分离状态，并且将所述电动发电机控制为旋转停止状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆用控制装置，其特征在于，
所述车辆用控制装置具有与所述电动发电机连接的蓄电设备，
所述控制系统在减速行驶时且所述蓄电设备的作为表示所述蓄电设备的剩余电量的比率的SOC超过阈值的情况下，执行所述马达停止模式。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆用控制装置，其特征在于，
所述车辆用控制装置具有差动限制离合器，所述差动限制离合器将所述第一旋转元件、所述第二旋转元件以及所述第三旋转元件中的至少任意两个旋转元件接合，
所述控制系统具有马达再生模式，所述马达再生模式将所述差动限制离合器控制为接合状态，将所述车轮驱动离合器控制为分离状态，并且将所述电动发电机控制为再生状态，
所述控制系统在减速行驶时且所述蓄电设备的所述SOC为所述阈值以下的情况下，执行所述马达再生模式。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的车辆用控制装置，其特征在于，
所述控制系统在车速超过阈值的情况下，执行所述马达停止模式。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的车辆用控制装置，其特征在于，
所述车辆用控制装置具有设置于所述第三路径的变速机构，
所述控制系统具有全轮驱动模式，所述全轮驱动模式将所述车轮驱动离合器控制为接合状态，并且将所述电动发电机控制为动力运行状态，
所述控制系统在从所述马达停止模式切换为所述全轮驱动模式时，执行所述变速机构的升档。
6.根据权利要求4所述的车辆用控制装置，其特征在于，
所述车辆用控制装置具有设置于所述第三路径的变速机构，
所述控制系统具有全轮驱动模式，所述全轮驱动模式将所述车轮驱动离合器控制为接合状态，并且将所述电动发电机控制为动力运行状态，
所述控制系统在从所述马达停止模式切换为所述全轮驱动模式时，执行所述变速机构的升档。
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