CN115109174A - 一种聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法及一种汽油清净剂 - Google Patents
一种聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法及一种汽油清净剂 Download PDFInfo
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明提供一种聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法及一种汽油清净剂,聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法包括烷基化反应步骤和胺化反应步骤,所述胺化反应步骤是聚异丁烯苯酚与六氢三嗪类化合物反应生成聚异丁烯烷基酚胺。所述聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法避免了传统曼尼希反应产生大量废水的缺陷,可以实现工业化应用,具有成本低和环保的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于精细化工技术领域,具体涉及一种聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法及一种汽油清净剂。
背景技术
聚异丁烯烷基酚胺即是曼尼希胺,属于第五代汽油清净剂,其清净分散性能优越,与其他添加剂的相容性较好,降低发动机燃烧室里沉积物的能力较强,并且具有良好的抗氧、防锈功能,具有前几代燃油清净剂无法比拟的优势。目前国内市场汽油清净剂的主剂如聚异丁烯胺、聚醚胺基本靠进口,而曼尼希胺则完全无法自产。
聚异丁烯烷基酚胺生产有两个反应阶段,聚异丁烯与苯酚的烷基化阶段以及聚异丁烯苯酚、醛和胺的胺化阶段。现有实验室小试工艺在烷基化阶段反应温度普遍较高,导致烷基化副产物较多;胺化阶段采用酚、醛、胺的曼尼希合成方法,废水量较大,产品效果一般。现有的聚异丁烯烷基酚胺生产技术污染较大,尚无法实现工业化生产。
为解决现有技术的不足,我们一直在寻求一种理想的技术解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,从而提供一种聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法及一种汽油清净剂,本发明的聚异丁烯烷基酚胺生产方法至少部分解决背景技术中的问题,具有污染少、成本低的优点,可以实现工业化应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法,它包括烷基化反应步骤和胺化反应步骤,所述胺化反应步骤是聚异丁烯苯酚与六氢三嗪类化合物反应生成聚异丁烯烷基酚胺。该胺化反应步骤规避了酚、醛和胺反应的曼尼希合成方法,不产生废水,具有环保的优点。
作为技术方案的进一步改进,六氢三嗪类化合物为1,3,5-三苄基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、六氢-1,3,5-三戊基-1,3,5-三嗪、六氢-1,3,5-三亚硝基-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、羟乙基六氢均三嗪中的一种或多种。
作为技术方案的进一步改进,胺化反应中六氢三嗪类化合物的摩尔量为聚异丁烯苯酚摩尔量的20~30%。
作为技术方案的进一步改进,为了平衡反应速率和副产物含量,胺化反应的反应温度为50~100℃。
作为技术方案的进一步改进,为了减少副产物,所述烷基化反应步骤是保持苯酚过量的情况下,优选所述苯酚与聚异丁烯摩尔量比为1.1~1.5 :1。聚异丁烯发生烷基化反应,反应温度为15~40℃。烷基化反应结束后,将烷基化母液中和、多次洗涤后,再脱除多余溶剂和苯酚,然后进行胺化步骤。中和剂为无机碱或有机碱,为了节约成本和减少污染,洗涤水可以循环使用。
作为技术方案的进一步改进,为了减少副产物,所述苯酚过量的情况是将聚异丁烯滴加到苯酚中反应。
作为技术方案的进一步改进,为了减少副产物,所述烷基化反应步骤是将聚异丁烯和溶剂混合,然后再滴加到苯酚中。所述溶剂为烷基化反应中的溶剂,即烷烃溶剂,常见的溶剂有D40溶剂油、D60溶剂油、D80溶剂油等。
烷基化反应中的催化剂可选用常规烷基化催化剂,如无机酸以及路易斯酸,作为技术方案的进一步改进,为了提高催化效率,烷基化反应中的催化剂为三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、氮硫方酸、三硝基苯磺酸中的一种或多种。
作为技术方案的进一步改进,为了平衡产品性能、质量以及反应成本,聚异丁烯的数均分子量范围为500~1500。只有含有α双键的聚异丁烯才能进行烷基化反应,为了提高反应活性,聚异丁烯中α-双键聚异丁烯的摩尔含量在75%以上。
一种汽油清净剂,以总质量100质量份为基准,所述汽油清净剂包括聚异丁烯烷基酚胺25~35份、载体油15~25份和余量的芳烃溶剂油,所述载体油为壬基酚聚氧丙烯醚,其数均分子量为800~1200;所述聚异丁烯烷基酚胺为上述方法生产的。
本发明未提及的技术均参照现有技术。
本发明相对现有技术具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步,具体的说,本发明的烷基化步骤,在苯酚过量以及相对低温的情况下反应,副产物少,反应条件温和。进一步说,本发明的胺化步骤不产生废水,反应条件温和,具有安全环保和成本低的优点。该方法具有成本低、安全环保和副产物少的优点。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。实施例中所用化合物均来自于市售,实施例中未明确的技术手段均采用现有技术。中控指标检测采用安捷伦1200液相色谱仪,其中,流动相为90%正庚烷+10%乙酸乙酯,流速1mL/min,紫外吸收波长为270nm。
实施例1
取聚异丁烯数均分子量为500,α-双键聚异丁烯的摩尔含量为78%。D40溶剂油的用量为聚异丁烯的30wt%,泵入烷基化反应釜的量约占一半。苯酚的摩尔量为聚异丁烯的1.1倍。催化剂为三硝基苯磺酸,使用量为聚异丁烯质量的5‰。有机胺选用六氢-1,3,5-三戊基-1,3,5-三嗪,摩尔量为聚异丁烯摩尔量的20%。
步骤一:将D40溶剂油和烘融的苯酚泵入到烷基化反应釜,再投加催化剂。将剩余D40溶剂油和聚异丁烯泵入聚异丁烯溶解釜,开启聚异丁烯溶解釜冷却水系统,控制聚异丁烯溶解釜温度在30℃。
步骤二:将聚异丁烯溶液由聚异丁烯溶解釜滴加进入烷基化反应釜,控制滴加时间4h,滴加结束后,继续保温反应14h,控制反应温度在30℃。其中,中控指标检测结果为苯酚液谱峰面积比例为39%。
步骤三:将烷基化母液转移至胺化釜,加入一次洗涤水进入胺化釜,然后加入中和剂氨水,将胺化釜升温至85℃,洗涤三次,洗涤水用量为聚异丁烯质量的15%,中和剂使用量为与催化剂等摩尔量的氨水。
步骤四:水洗结束后,升温至150℃,同时开启真空系统,控制体系真空度在0.08MPa以上,脱除溶剂和过量苯酚。
步骤五:将胺化釜的中间产品降温至80℃,加入有机胺,搅拌反应3h。反应结束后,加入1500#芳烃溶剂油,得50wt%浓度聚异丁烯烷基酚胺产品1,出料灌装。
实施例2
取聚异丁烯数均分子量为1000,α-双键聚异丁烯的摩尔含量为82%。溶剂油的用量为聚异丁烯的50wt%,泵入烷基化反应釜中溶剂油为聚异丁烯的20wt%,溶剂油使用溶剂油D40和D60的混合物(溶剂油中D40质量占比20%)。苯酚的摩尔量为聚异丁烯的1.3倍。催化剂为三氟乙酸,使用量为聚异丁烯质量的3.5‰。有机胺选用羟乙基六氢均三嗪,摩尔量为聚异丁烯摩尔量的28%。
步骤一:将溶剂油和烘融的苯酚泵入到烷基化反应釜,再投加催化剂。将剩余溶剂油和聚异丁烯泵入聚异丁烯溶解釜,开启聚异丁烯溶解釜冷却水系统,控制聚异丁烯溶解釜温度在28℃。
步骤二:将聚异丁烯溶液由聚异丁烯溶解釜滴加进入烷基化反应釜,控制滴加时间4h,滴加结束后,继续保温反应14h,控制反应温度在28℃ 。其中,中控指标检测结果为苯酚液谱峰面积比例为35%。
步骤三:将烷基化母液转移至胺化釜,加入一次洗涤水进入胺化釜,然后加入为与催化剂等摩尔量的氢氧化钠中和,将胺化釜升温至83℃,洗涤三次,洗涤水用量为聚异丁烯质量的30%。
步骤四:水洗结束后,升温至155℃,同时开启真空系统,控制体系真空度在0.08MPa以上,脱除溶剂和过量苯酚。
步骤五:将胺化釜的中间产品降温至82℃,加入有机胺,搅拌反应3h。反应结束后,加入1500#芳烃溶剂油,得50wt%浓度聚异丁烯烷基酚胺产品2,出料灌装。
实施例3
取聚异丁烯数均分子量为1500,α-双键聚异丁烯的摩尔含量为82%。溶剂油的用量为聚异丁烯的60wt%,泵入烷基化反应釜中溶剂油为聚异丁烯的25wt%,溶剂油使用溶剂油D40和D80的混合物(D40质量占比30%)。苯酚的摩尔量为聚异丁烯的1.5倍。催化剂为氮硫方酸,使用量为聚异丁烯质量的2‰。有机胺选用六氢-1,3,5-三亚硝基-1,3,5-三嗪,摩尔量为聚异丁烯摩尔量的30%。
步骤一:将溶剂油和烘融的苯酚泵入到烷基化反应釜,再投加催化剂。将剩余溶剂油和聚异丁烯泵入聚异丁烯溶解釜,开启聚异丁烯溶解釜冷却水系统,控制聚异丁烯溶解釜温度在32℃。
步骤二:将聚异丁烯溶液由聚异丁烯溶解釜滴加进入烷基化反应釜,控制滴加时间4h,滴加结束后,继续保温反应14h,控制反应温度在32℃。其中,中控指标检测结果为苯酚液谱峰面积比例为32%。
步骤三:将烷基化母液转移至胺化釜,加入一次洗涤水进入胺化釜,然后加入与催化剂等摩尔量的中和剂氢氧化钠,将胺化釜升温至87℃,洗涤三次,洗涤水用量为聚异丁烯质量的45%。
步骤四:水洗结束后,升温至160℃,同时开启真空系统,控制体系真空度在0.08MPa以上,脱除溶剂和过量苯酚。
步骤五:将胺化釜的中间产品降温至85℃,加入有机胺,搅拌反应3h。反应结束后,加入1500#芳烃溶剂油,得50wt%浓度聚异丁烯烷基酚胺产品3,出料灌装。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例2不同之处在于:
步骤一中控制聚异丁烯溶解釜温度在100℃,步骤二控制滴加时间6h,滴加结束后,继续保温反应18h,控制反应温度在100℃。其中,中控指标检测结果是苯酚液谱峰面积比例为2.4%。
汽油清净性能测定实验:
取实施例1-3以及对比例1制得的产品,按表1中配方调配成汽油清净剂样品,得相应汽油清净剂1、2、3、4。
该配方中各组分的含量与雅富顿汽油清净剂型号H6581C配方一致,不同的是本配方中载体油为壬基酚聚氧丙烯醚,数均分子量为1100;雅富顿汽油清净剂H6581C其主剂为曼尼希胺,载体油为其专用的载体油。
表1
组分 | 名称 | 比例 |
组分1 | 聚异丁烯烷基酚胺 | 25wt% |
组分2 | 载体油 | 15wt% |
组分3 | 1500#芳烃溶剂油 | 60wt% |
对汽油清净剂1-4、雅富顿汽油清净剂H6581C进行汽油进气阀模拟评价试验,评价结果如表2所示。实验仪器为L-2车用汽油清净性检测仪(兰州维科石化仪器有限公司),实验方法为标准GB/T 37322-2019。
表2
生焦量/mg | 洗涤后/mg | |
汽油清净剂1 | 15.2 | 0.3 |
汽油清净剂2 | 14.9 | 0.2 |
汽油清净剂3 | 17.1 | 0.5 |
汽油清净剂4 | 15.3 | 8.9 |
雅富顿HC65830 | 16.7 | 1.2 |
由评价结果可知,本发明实施例合成的得到的产品,在油进气阀模拟评价试验中效果优于同类进口产品雅富顿H6581C,而汽油清净剂4无清净性效果。由此可知在烷基化阶段提高反应温度,可大幅度促进反应进程,烷基化苯酚含量较低,但最终产品质量较差,产品无清净分散性,因此可以说明的是烷基化阶段反应温度较为关键,应在较低温度下进行反应,从而可有效避免副反应的发生。
最后应当说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制;尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解,依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换;而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神,其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法,它包括烷基化反应步骤和胺化反应步骤,其特征在于,所述胺化反应步骤是聚异丁烯苯酚与六氢三嗪类化合物反应生成聚异丁烯烷基酚胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法,其特征在于,六氢三嗪类化合物为1,3,5-三苄基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、六氢-1,3,5-三戊基-1,3,5-三嗪、六氢-1,3,5-三亚硝基-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、羟乙基六氢均三嗪中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法,其特征在于,胺化反应中六氢三嗪类化合物的摩尔量为聚异丁烯苯酚摩尔量的20~30%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法,其特征在于,胺化反应的反应温度为50~100℃。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法,其特征在于,所述烷基化反应步骤是保持苯酚过量的情况下,聚异丁烯发生烷基化反应,反应温度为15~40℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法,其特征在于,所述苯酚过量的情况是将聚异丁烯滴加到苯酚中反应。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法,其特征在于,所述烷基化反应步骤是将聚异丁烯和溶剂混合,然后再滴加到苯酚中。
8.根据权利要求5所述的聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法,其特征在于,烷基化反应中的催化剂为三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、氮硫方酸、三硝基苯磺酸中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求5所述的聚异丁烯烷基酚胺的生产方法,其特征在于,聚异丁烯的数均分子量范围为500~1500,其中α-双键聚异丁烯的摩尔含量在75%以上。
10.一种汽油清净剂,其特征在于,以总质量100质量份为基准,所述汽油清净剂包括聚异丁烯烷基酚胺25~35份、载体油15~25份和余量的芳烃溶剂油,所述载体油为壬基酚聚氧丙烯醚,其数均分子量为800~1200;所述聚异丁烯烷基酚胺为权利要求1-9任一项所述方法生产的。
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