CN115093504A - 一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂、制备方法及固体推进剂 - Google Patents
一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂、制备方法及固体推进剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115093504A CN115093504A CN202210601757.0A CN202210601757A CN115093504A CN 115093504 A CN115093504 A CN 115093504A CN 202210601757 A CN202210601757 A CN 202210601757A CN 115093504 A CN115093504 A CN 115093504A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- vinyl ether
- bonding agent
- solid propellant
- phenyl
- macromolecular bonding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical group C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 42
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 phenolic hydroxyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000005359 phenoxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002911 monocyclic heterocycle group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RDLIBIDNLZPAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O RDLIBIDNLZPAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CVMYEWFFFUKQEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethenoxy)ethene Chemical group ClC=COC=CCl CVMYEWFFFUKQEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IPLRZPREFHIGIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dinitropropan-1-ol Chemical compound OCC(C)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O IPLRZPREFHIGIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GAGSAAHZRBTRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;oxolane Chemical compound C1CO1.C1CCOC1 GAGSAAHZRBTRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N (6S,7R)-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-7-ol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CCCC[C@]11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitramine Natural products CC1C(O)CCC2CCCNC12 BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonitramine Natural products OC1CCCCC11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 101710089799 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 4 Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102100027955 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 4 Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 101710089792 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 1 Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102100037152 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 1 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 description 7
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- OENIXTHWZWFYIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-[5-(cyclopentylmethyl)-1h-imidazol-2-yl]ethyl]phenyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1CCC(N1)=NC=C1CC1CCCC1 OENIXTHWZWFYIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101710089785 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100027961 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 2 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102100027954 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101710089791 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101710089800 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 5 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100028046 BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 5 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102100028047 Large proline-rich protein BAG6 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101710196180 Large proline-rich protein BAG6 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- ATDPVJHXJYBFEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-(2-bromoethenoxy)ethene Chemical compound BrC=COC=CBr ATDPVJHXJYBFEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEXRDUAYOIEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodo-2-(2-iodoethenoxy)ethene Chemical compound IC=COC=CI KEXRDUAYOIEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- WBNCHVFLFSFIGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorooxirane Chemical compound ClC1CO1 WBNCHVFLFSFIGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUICYYOYEXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1O JIGUICYYOYEXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006736 Huisgen cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002121 Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000764238 Isis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azide group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[N-] IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/42—Nitriles
- C08F220/44—Acrylonitrile
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/06—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C255/11—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing cyano groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same saturated acyclic carbon skeleton
- C07C255/13—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing cyano groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same saturated acyclic carbon skeleton containing cyano groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F216/12—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
- C08F216/125—Monomers containing two or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, e.g. trimethylolpropane triallyl ether or pentaerythritol triallyl ether
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂,本发明键合剂同时具有丙烯腈官能团和乙烯醚官能团,对AP和硝胺炸药均有键合作用,同时乙烯醚官能团可参与聚三唑聚醚固化反应,本发明键合剂能改善聚三唑聚醚固体推进剂的界面性能,显著提高推进剂的力学性能;本发明还公开了一种通过自由基聚合反应实现乙烯醚大分子键合剂制备的方法;本发明还公开了一种包含乙烯醚大分子键合剂的固体推进剂,具有优异的力学性能,能够满足高强度应用需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂、制备方法及固体推进剂,属于固体推进剂技术领域。
背景技术
当前,复合固体推进剂一般采用异氰酸酯作固化剂,其成型原理是通过具有端羟基的粘合剂与异氰酸酯固化剂反应形成聚氨基甲酸酯交联网络。然而,异氰酸酯固化剂易与水反应产生二氧化碳气体,使推进剂产生气孔并影响工艺和力学性能,这就导致不同环境湿度下生产的推进剂力学性能波动大,影响产品质量稳定性和可靠性。
Diels-Alder反应通过双键或三键与共轭双键成环形成的交联固化,在推进剂领域一般称为聚三唑聚醚固化体系,该类型反应包括叠氮基团与不饱和C/C键发生1,3-偶极环加成反应,这一固化方式不受水份影响,与推进剂主要高能组分化学相容,可以避免端羟基聚醚-异氰酸酯固化体系对水敏感的缺点。键合剂是一种用于改善固体推进剂粘合剂基体与含能填料颗粒界面性能的功能助剂,一般通过在填料颗粒表面形成模量过渡层来抑制推进剂“脱湿”。现有键合剂均为针对异氰酸酯固化体系设计,一般含有可与异氰酸酯固化剂反应的羟基或氨基,而这类官能团在聚三唑聚醚固化体系中不参与固化反应,无法进入粘合剂基体网络,导致现有键合剂失效,比如美国专利US5336343A提供了一种对AP/HTPB有键合作用的乙烯醚键合剂,无法应用至聚三唑聚醚固化体系中。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述缺陷,提供一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂,本发明键合剂同时具有丙烯腈官能团和乙烯醚官能团,对AP和硝胺炸药均有键合作用,同时乙烯醚官能团可参与聚三唑聚醚固化反应,本发明键合剂能改善聚三唑聚醚固体推进剂的界面性能,显著提高推进剂的力学性能;本发明还提供一种通过自由基聚合反应实现乙烯醚大分子键合剂制备的方法;本发明还提供一种包含乙烯醚大分子键合剂的固体推进剂,具有优异的力学性能,能够满足高强度应用需求。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂,结构式如下:
其中,R为烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,烷氧基,烷基胺,羰基、苯基,取代苯基,苯氧烷基,取代苯氧烷基或单环杂环基团,上述基团中C原子个数为C1~C10;X为烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,硫,氮,羰基,亚胺,苯基,取代苯基或单环杂环基团,上述基团中C原子个数为C1~C10;n为1或0;m为1或2;p为1~200。
进一步的,p为7~15;乙烯醚大分子键合剂的分子量为300~50000。
一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂的制备方法,包括:
(1)将酚羟基化合物或醇羟基化合物和氢氧化钠分散于二甲基亚砜中,进行搅拌反应;
(2)在步骤(1)所得反应体系中滴加2-卤代乙烯基醚,进行搅拌反应;
(3)将步骤(2)所得反应体系倒入水中,依次进行萃取、水洗和旋蒸,得到产物A;
(4)将丙烯腈、产物A、巯基乙醇和偶氮二异丁腈加入到丙酮溶剂中,搅拌反应后倒入甲醇中,依次进行沉降和洗涤得到乙烯醚大分子键合剂。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,酚羟基化合物或醇羟基化合物和氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1:2~3,搅拌反应的条件为70~75℃搅拌反应1~3小时。
进一步的,步骤(2)中滴加2-卤代乙烯基醚的摩尔数与步骤(1)中氢氧化钠的摩尔数相同,滴加2-卤代乙烯基醚过程中控制反应体系温度不超过80℃,搅拌反应的条件为70~75℃搅拌反应3~5小时;
步骤(3)中采用乙醚进行萃取,在50~60℃条件下进行旋蒸。
进一步的,步骤(4)中,丙烯腈、产物A、巯基乙醇和偶氮二异丁腈的摩尔比为1.0:0.1~10.0:0.01~0.10:0.01~0.10,搅拌反应条件为60~65℃搅拌反应6~7小时。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,酚羟基化合物或醇羟基化合物的结构式为:
其中,R1为烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,烷氧基,烷基胺,羰基,苯基,取代苯基,苯氧烷基,取代苯氧烷基或单环杂环基团,上述基团中C原子个数为C1~C10;X为烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,硫,氮,羰基,亚胺,苯基,取代苯基或单环杂环基团,上述基团中C原子个数为C1~C10;n为1或0;m为1或2;
步骤(2)中,2-卤代乙烯基醚为2-氯代乙烯基醚,2-溴代乙烯基醚或2-碘代乙烯基醚,具体结构式为:
其中,R2为C1~C10的烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,烷氧基,烷基胺,羰基,苯基,取代苯基,苯氧烷基,取代苯氧烷基或单环杂环基团;Y为氯,溴或碘。
一种固体推进剂,包含上述乙烯醚大分子键合剂,固体推进剂中所述乙烯醚大分子键合剂占推进剂总质量的0.05%~0.50%。
进一步的,上述固体推进剂包括如下质量份数的组分:
所述功能助剂包括燃速催化剂,固化催化剂,安定剂和上述乙烯醚大分子键合剂。
进一步的,上述一种固体推进剂中叠氮粘合剂为聚叠氮缩水甘油醚,粘合剂的固化剂为端炔基环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚或端炔基聚乙二醇;增塑剂为硝化甘油和1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯的混合物,或2,2-二硝基丙醇缩甲醛和2,2-二硝基丙醇缩乙醛的混合物。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明创新性的提出将乙烯醚大分子键合剂应用于聚三唑聚醚固化体系中,同时进一步改进了乙烯醚大分子键合剂的分子结构,将丙烯腈单体引入到乙烯醚分子链中,使新型键合剂对AP和硝胺炸药均有键合作用;
(2)本发明乙烯醚大分子键合剂中的乙烯醚官能团既能在AP表面发生阳离子聚合,也可参与聚三唑聚醚固化反应;
(3)本发明乙烯醚大分子键合剂通过自由基聚合反应实现,制备工艺简单,原料来源广泛,便于实现大规模生产;
(4)本发明大分子键合剂单体配比和分子量可设计性强,可针对推进剂配方特点进行灵活调整,对推进剂体系的适用性强,同时能够满足固体推进剂的各种力学性能需求;本发明键合剂特别适用于聚三唑聚醚固化体系。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1提供的BAG-4的红外光谱图;
图2是本发明实施例2提供的BAG-5的红外光谱图;
图3是本发明实施例3提供的BAG-6的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明,但保护范围并不仅限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明未详细说明部分属本领域技术人员公知常识。
本发明的目的在于克服现有乙烯醚键合剂的不足,提供一种适用于聚三唑聚醚固体推进剂的乙烯醚大分子键合剂,所述键合剂具有如下结构式:
其中,R为C1~C10的烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,烷氧基,烷基胺,羰基,苯基,取代苯基,苯氧烷基,取代苯氧烷基或单环杂环基团;X为C1~C10的烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,硫,氮,羰基,亚胺,苯基,取代苯基或单环杂环基团;n为1或0;m为1或2;p为1~200。
与现有乙烯醚键合剂相比,该键合剂借鉴中性聚合物键合剂的合成方法,通过丙烯腈与乙烯醚的共聚反应,使新型键合剂对AP和硝胺炸药均有吸附作用,进一步提高聚三唑聚醚推进剂的力学性能。
本发明乙烯醚大分子键合剂制备反应式如下:
其中,R1、R2和R为C1~C10的烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,烷氧基,烷基胺,羰基,苯基,取代苯基,苯氧烷基,取代苯氧烷基或单环杂环基团;X为C1~C10的烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,硫,氮,羰基,亚胺,苯基,取代苯基或单环杂环基团;Y为氯,溴或碘;n为1或0;m为1或2;p为1~200。
本发明乙烯醚大分子键合剂制备方法为:
首先将酚羟基或醇羟基化合物和氢氧化钠按摩尔比为1:2~3分散于二甲基亚砜中,70~75℃搅拌反应1~3小时后,滴加与氢氧化钠相同摩尔数的2-卤代乙烯基醚控温不超过80℃,70~75℃搅拌反应3~5小时,倒入水中并用乙醚萃取,水洗数次,50~60℃旋蒸得产物A;将丙烯腈、产物A、巯基乙醇和偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)按1.0:0.1~10.0:0.01~0.10:0.01~0.10的摩尔比加入到丙酮溶剂中,60~65℃搅拌反应6~7小时,倒入甲醇中沉降,并用甲醇洗涤数次即得乙烯醚大分子键合剂。
乙烯醚大分子键合剂的结构式中,p优选7~15,在该范围内键合剂官能团活性较高,可确保键合剂能有效进入到聚三唑聚醚交联网络结构中,同时对AP和HMX具有较强的吸附效果。
上述2-卤代乙烯基醚优选2-氯代乙烯基醚,2-溴代乙烯基醚或2-碘代乙烯基醚。
上述键合剂分子量优选300~50000,更加优选的为3000~5000。
上述键合剂占所述固体推进剂总质量的百分比为0.05%~0.50%,优选0.20%~0.40%。
一种基于上述乙烯醚大分子键合剂制备的固体推进剂,为聚三唑聚醚固体推进剂,除键合剂外的其余各组分及组分含量均可采用现有的常用组分及常规含量。
优选的,上述推进剂的粘合剂为聚叠氮缩水甘油醚GAP。
优选的,上述粘合剂的固化剂为端炔基环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚PTPET或端炔基聚乙二醇PTPEG。
优选的,上述推进剂还包含增塑剂、高氯酸铵AP、奥克托金HMX、铝粉Al和功能助剂。
优选的,上述增塑剂为硝化甘油NG和1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯BTTN的混合物,或2,2-二硝基丙醇缩甲醛和2,2-二硝基丙醇缩乙醛的混合物(A3)。
优选的,所述功能助剂包括燃速催化剂、固化催化剂和安定剂。
优选的,推进剂中除键合剂外的各组分的质量份数为:
叠氮粘合剂5-10份、粘合剂的固化剂0.3-0.5份、增塑剂10-20份,高氯酸铵AP 10-70份、奥克托金HMX 0-40份、铝粉Al 5-20份、功能助剂2-5份。
实施例1
本实施例提供了乙烯醚大分子键合剂BAG-4,制备方法如下:
S1将双酚A和氢氧化钠按摩尔比为1:2分散于二甲基亚砜中,70~75℃搅拌反应1小时后,滴加与氢氧化钠相同摩尔数的2-氯乙烯基醚控温不超过80℃,70~75℃搅拌反应5小时,倒入水中并用乙醚萃取,水洗数次,50~60℃旋蒸得BAG-1,结构式如式(1)所示。
S2将丙烯腈、BAG-1、巯基乙醇和AIBN按1.0:0.5:0.05:0.02的摩尔比加入到丙酮溶剂中,60~65℃搅拌反应6~7小时,倒入甲醇中沉降,并用甲醇洗涤数次,50~60℃真空干燥即得BAG-4,结构式如式(4)所示,红外光谱如图1所示。
实施例2
S1将邻苯二酚和氢氧化钠按摩尔比为1:2分散于二甲基亚砜中,70~75℃搅拌反应1小时后,滴加与氢氧化钠相同摩尔数的2-溴乙烯基醚控温不超过80℃,70~75℃搅拌反应5小时,倒入水中并用乙醚萃取,水洗数次,50~60℃旋蒸得BAG-2,结构式如式(2)所示。
S2将丙烯腈、BAG-2、巯基乙醇和AIBN按1.0:1.0:0.04:0.02的摩尔比加入到丙酮溶剂中,60~65℃搅拌反应6~7小时,倒入甲醇中沉降,并用甲醇洗涤数次,50~60℃真空干燥即得BAG-5,结构式如式(5)所示,红外光谱如图2所示。
实施例3
S1将叔丁基邻苯二酚和氢氧化钠按摩尔比为1:2分散于二甲基亚砜中,70~75℃搅拌反应1小时后,滴加与氢氧化钠相同摩尔数的2-碘乙烯基醚控温不超过80℃,70~75℃搅拌反应5小时,倒入水中并用乙醚萃取,水洗数次,50~60℃旋蒸得BAG-3,结构式如式(3)所示。
S2将丙烯腈、BAG-3、巯基乙醇和AIBN按1.0:2.0:0.03:0.02的摩尔比加入到丙酮溶剂中,60~65℃搅拌反应6~7小时,倒入甲醇中沉降,并用甲醇洗涤数次,50~60℃真空干燥即得BAG-6,结构式如式(6)所示,红外光谱如图3所示。
实施例4
在如表1所示的GAP推进剂配方1中(表1中的功能助剂为除键合剂外的其他三种,即燃速催化剂,固化催化剂,安定剂)不加键合剂(方案4-1)、加入BAG-1(方案4-2)和加入BAG-4(方案4-3),分别得到固体推进剂4-1、固体推进剂4-2和固体推进剂4-3,其中,键合剂BAG-1和BAG-4占固体推进剂总质量的0.3%。
表1GAP推进剂配方1
固体推进剂配方方坯的力学性能测试结果见表2。
表2不同键合剂的固体推进剂力学性能参数表
实施例5
在如表3所示的GAP推进剂配方2中(表3中的功能助剂为除键合剂外的其他三种,即燃速催化剂,固化催化剂,安定剂),不加键合剂(方案5-1)、加入BAG-1(方案5-2)和加入BAG-4(方案5-3),分别得到固体推进剂5-1、固体推进剂5-2和固体推进剂5-3,其中,键合剂占固体推进剂总质量的0.3%。
表3GAP推进剂配方2
固体推进剂配方方坯的力学性能测试结果见表4。
表4键合剂不同的固体推进剂力学性能参数表
表4不同键合剂的固体推进剂力学性能参数表
实施例6
在如表5所示的GAP推进剂配方3中(表5中的功能助剂为除键合剂外的其他三种,即燃速催化剂,固化催化剂,安定剂),不加键合剂(方案6-1)、加入BAG-1(方案6-2)和加入BAG-4(方案6-3),分别得到固体推进剂6-1、固体推进剂6-2和固体推进剂6-3,其中,键合剂占固体推进剂总质量的0.3%。
表5GAP推进剂配方3
固体推进剂配方方坯的力学性能测试结果见表6。
表6键合剂含量不同的固体推进剂力学性能参数表
根据表2、4、6的测试结果可知,未加键合剂时,推进剂的抗拉强度σm和伸长率εm较低,不能满足使用需要,而采用BAG-1、BAG-2、BAG-3作为键合剂时,虽然能够利用乙烯醚官能团既能在AP表面发生阳离子聚合,同时参与聚三唑聚醚固化反应,但由于乙烯醚官能团并不能在HMX表面发生阳离子聚合,所以所制备的推进剂强度和伸长率提升有限,采用本发明制备的BAG-4、BAG-5、BAG-6作为键合剂时,引入了对硝胺炸药有显著吸附效果的丙烯腈官能团,这使得键合剂中的乙烯醚官能团和丙烯腈官能团同时发挥作用,实现了在AP表面阳离子聚合和对HMX的物理吸附,同时参与聚三唑聚醚固化反应,本发明键合剂显著提高了推进剂的力学性能。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例,上述说明是示例性的,并非穷尽性的,并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂,其特征在于,p为7~15;
所述乙烯醚大分子键合剂的分子量为300~50000。
3.一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)将酚羟基化合物或醇羟基化合物和氢氧化钠分散于二甲基亚砜中,进行搅拌反应;
(2)在步骤(1)所得反应体系中滴加2-卤代乙烯基醚,进行搅拌反应;
(3)将步骤(2)所得反应体系倒入水中,依次进行萃取、水洗和旋蒸,得到产物A;
(4)将丙烯腈、产物A、巯基乙醇和偶氮二异丁腈加入到丙酮溶剂中,搅拌反应后倒入甲醇中,依次进行沉降和洗涤得到乙烯醚大分子键合剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,酚羟基化合物或醇羟基化合物和氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1:2~3,搅拌反应的条件为70~75℃搅拌反应1~3小时。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中滴加2-卤代乙烯基醚的摩尔数与步骤(1)中氢氧化钠的摩尔数相同,滴加2-卤代乙烯基醚过程中控制反应体系温度不超过80℃,搅拌反应的条件为70~75℃搅拌反应3~5小时;
步骤(3)中采用乙醚进行萃取,在50~60℃条件下进行旋蒸。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,丙烯腈、产物A、巯基乙醇和偶氮二异丁腈的摩尔比为1.0:0.1~10.0:0.01~0.10:0.01~0.10,搅拌反应条件为60~65℃搅拌反应6~7小时。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,酚羟基化合物或醇羟基化合物的结构式为:
其中,R1为C1~C10的烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,烷氧基,烷基胺,羰基,苯基,取代苯基,苯氧烷基,取代苯氧烷基或单环杂环基团;X为C1~C10的烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,硫,氮,羰基,亚胺,苯基,取代苯基或单环杂环基团;n为1或0;m为1或2;
步骤(2)中,2-卤代乙烯基醚为2-氯代乙烯基醚,2-溴代乙烯基醚或2-碘代乙烯基醚,具体结构式为:
其中,R2为C1~C10的烷基,支化烷基,环烷基,烷氧基,烷基胺,羰基,苯基,取代苯基,苯氧烷基,取代苯氧烷基或单环杂环基团;Y为氯,溴或碘。
8.一种固体推进剂,其特征在于,包含权利要求1或2所述的乙烯醚大分子键合剂,固体推进剂中所述乙烯醚大分子键合剂占推进剂总质量的0.05%~0.50%。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种固体推进剂,其特征在于,叠氮粘合剂为聚叠氮缩水甘油醚,粘合剂的固化剂为端炔基环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚或端炔基聚乙二醇;增塑剂为硝化甘油和1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯的混合物,或2,2-二硝基丙醇缩甲醛和2,2-二硝基丙醇缩乙醛的混合物。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210601757.0A CN115093504B (zh) | 2022-05-30 | 2022-05-30 | 一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂、制备方法及固体推进剂 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210601757.0A CN115093504B (zh) | 2022-05-30 | 2022-05-30 | 一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂、制备方法及固体推进剂 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN115093504A true CN115093504A (zh) | 2022-09-23 |
CN115093504B CN115093504B (zh) | 2023-12-12 |
Family
ID=83289733
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210601757.0A Active CN115093504B (zh) | 2022-05-30 | 2022-05-30 | 一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂、制备方法及固体推进剂 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN115093504B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN117417529A (zh) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-01-19 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | 一种固体推进剂用改性硅氧烷工艺助剂、制备方法及应用 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5336343A (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1994-08-09 | Thiokol Corporation | Vinyl ethers as nonammonia producing bonding agents in composite propellant formulations |
CN108003275A (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-08 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种适用于聚三唑交联固化体系的大分子键合剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN109810210A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-28 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | 一种炔基化中性聚合物键合剂、制备方法及推进剂 |
CN110982010A (zh) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-10 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种中性大分子键合剂及其制备方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-05-30 CN CN202210601757.0A patent/CN115093504B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5336343A (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1994-08-09 | Thiokol Corporation | Vinyl ethers as nonammonia producing bonding agents in composite propellant formulations |
CN108003275A (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-08 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种适用于聚三唑交联固化体系的大分子键合剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN109810210A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-28 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | 一种炔基化中性聚合物键合剂、制备方法及推进剂 |
CN110982010A (zh) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-10 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种中性大分子键合剂及其制备方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN117417529A (zh) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-01-19 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | 一种固体推进剂用改性硅氧烷工艺助剂、制备方法及应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN115093504B (zh) | 2023-12-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN109810210B (zh) | 一种炔基化中性聚合物键合剂、制备方法及推进剂 | |
US5681904A (en) | Azido polymers having improved burn rate | |
CN115093504A (zh) | 一种乙烯醚大分子键合剂、制备方法及固体推进剂 | |
US4412875A (en) | Nitramine composite propellant compostion | |
CN113185373B (zh) | 一种浇注型含能粘合剂基混合炸药及其制备方法 | |
CN112552132A (zh) | 一种htpb基大分子钝感剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
US4747891A (en) | Solid propellant containing an aziridinyl bonding agent | |
CN116606398B (zh) | 一种含氟大分子键合剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
Gozin et al. | Recent Advances in Chemistry of Nitrogen‐Rich Energetic Polymers and Plasticizers | |
Li et al. | Polytriazoles based on alkyne terminated polybutadiene with and without urethane segments: Morphology and properties | |
CN111233594A (zh) | 一种以a3增塑的端丙炔基聚丁二烯复合推进剂及其制备方法 | |
KR100702573B1 (ko) | 혼합형 고체추진제용 고분자 결합제 | |
CN112028723B (zh) | 一种含生物法bttn的高力学性能固体推进剂及其制备工艺 | |
CN111018643B (zh) | 一种含adn的聚三唑聚醚固体推进剂 | |
US4647628A (en) | Polymer with ethylenic unsaturations incorporating silylmetallocene groups, process for the manufacture of this polymer, and propellant composition having this polymer as a binder | |
US3878002A (en) | Nitrogen and fluorine containing solid propellant compositions based on acrylic prepolymer binders | |
KR102457398B1 (ko) | 변성 공액디엔계 중합체, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 고체 추진제용 바인더 조성물, 변성 공액디엔계 고체 추진제용 바인더 및 이의 제조방법 | |
CN111410594B (zh) | 一种非异氰酸酯固化体系推进剂及其制备方法 | |
US8940922B2 (en) | Ester-based reactive plasticizer for plastic bonded explosives | |
CN110642662B (zh) | 一种以硝化端羟基聚丁二烯为粘合剂的固体推进剂 | |
CN108864386B (zh) | 一种模量调节剂、制备方法及其应用 | |
JPH0475878B2 (zh) | ||
US3957551A (en) | Propellant compositions having carboxyl containing binder cured with a glycidyl thioether | |
JP3140533B2 (ja) | 高エネルギーバインダー系コンポジット推進薬 | |
US3830674A (en) | Propellant composition containing beryllium and an energetic difluoramino containing binder |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |