CN115078068A - Line contact friction wear testing machine with automatic loading function - Google Patents
Line contact friction wear testing machine with automatic loading function Download PDFInfo
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- CN115078068A CN115078068A CN202210682289.4A CN202210682289A CN115078068A CN 115078068 A CN115078068 A CN 115078068A CN 202210682289 A CN202210682289 A CN 202210682289A CN 115078068 A CN115078068 A CN 115078068A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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Abstract
The invention discloses a linear contact friction wear testing machine with an automatic loading function, which comprises a base, a main shaft, a driving transmission mechanism, a linear contact friction pair, an automatic loading mechanism, a lubricating oil groove, a detection mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the main shaft is arranged on the base; the lubricating oil groove can swing around the axial lead and the longitudinal axis of the main shaft; the friction plate is detachably arranged on the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove; the detection mechanism is used for detecting positive pressure and friction force between the friction plate and the friction ring; the control mechanism is in signal connection with the driving transmission mechanism, the detection mechanism and the automatic loading mechanism and is used for controlling the driving transmission mechanism to achieve the preset rotating speed of the spindle and controlling the automatic loading mechanism to enable the positive pressure between the friction plate and the friction ring to reach the preset loading force according to the preset loading force and the positive pressure signal detected by the detection mechanism. The testing machine can ensure steady linear contact friction of the friction pair, realize accurate loading and ensure continuous and stable lubrication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction tests, in particular to a linear contact friction wear testing machine with an automatic loading function.
Background
It is known that when two objects contact each other and there is relative motion between the contact surfaces, friction occurs between the two objects, which in turn causes different degrees of frictional wear. This phenomenon of frictional wear is both beneficial and detrimental and can be used in industrial processes to improve the surface roughness of objects, but can also substantially impair the performance and service life of the production machines. Therefore, if the friction and wear mechanism between the objects in mutual contact can be correctly mastered, social production practice can be guided on the basis of the mechanism, the problem of unnecessary resource loss is reduced, and the working efficiency of equipment is improved. Meanwhile, the method can also provide important reference basis for the research of tribology and related fields.
At present, the scientific community has not formed a complete theoretical system for the friction and wear phenomena between solids, and the research on the deep mechanism of the system is not mature, so that the theoretical analysis is difficult to determine each performance of the friction pair. However, in an industrial process, in order to correctly design the matching relationship between the friction members, it is necessary to correctly and effectively evaluate the friction characteristics of the friction pair. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the friction coefficient, the wear characteristics, etc. between the respective materials by designing a proper friction-wear machine.
In the prior art, the friction and wear testing machine for the linear contact friction and wear test has the problems that the balance cannot be accurately kept and the linear contact cannot be stabilized between the linear contact friction pairs because the main shaft inevitably generates vibration in the rotating process and the measuring process of the friction force sensor destroys the contact state between the friction pairs, and the problem can cause uneven loading and inaccurate results. In addition, some studies need to consider the friction characteristics of the friction pair under stable lubrication conditions, but most friction and wear machines often cannot provide a continuous and stable lubrication environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a line contact friction and wear testing machine with an automatic loading function, which can ensure steady line contact friction of a friction pair in a manner of releasing a degree of freedom, ensure a continuous and stable lubricating environment, and improve the accuracy of the result.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a line contact friction wear tester with an automatic loading function, the friction wear tester comprising:
a base;
the main shaft is supported on the top of the base along the horizontal direction;
the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly arranged on the base and is used for driving the main shaft to rotate;
the linear contact friction pair comprises a friction ring concentrically arranged at the end part of the main shaft and a friction plate of which the surface forms constant linear contact friction with the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring;
the automatic loading mechanism is arranged on the base and the main shaft and is used for applying positive pressure to the friction plate;
the lubricating oil groove is arranged on the automatic loading mechanism, an opening is formed in the top of the lubricating oil groove, the lubricating oil groove can swing around the axis line and the longitudinal axis of the main shaft, and the lubricating oil groove is used for containing lubricating oil; the axis line of the main shaft is vertically intersected with the longitudinal axis in a horizontal plane; the friction plate is detachably arranged on the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove;
the detection mechanism is used for detecting positive pressure and friction force between the friction plate and the friction ring;
and the control mechanism is in signal connection with the driving transmission mechanism, the detection mechanism and the automatic loading mechanism and is used for controlling the driving transmission mechanism to realize the preset rotating speed of the spindle and controlling the automatic loading mechanism to enable the positive pressure between the friction plate and the friction ring to reach the preset loading force according to the preset loading force and the positive pressure signal detected by the detection mechanism.
Furthermore, the driving transmission mechanism comprises a driving motor, a transmission mechanism, a shaft sleeve, a supporting plate and an accessory frame;
the driving motor is fixedly arranged on the base and is in transmission connection with the main shaft through the transmission mechanism;
the shaft sleeve is fixedly arranged on the base through the supporting plate;
the main shaft is arranged in the shaft sleeve through a bearing, and the shaft axis of the main shaft is parallel to the shaft axis of the driving motor;
the accessory frame can be arranged at one end, close to the friction ring, of the shaft sleeve in a swinging mode around the axis line of the main shaft and is used for supporting the automatic loading mechanism; the accessory frame is of a hollow block structure and is provided with at least four side surfaces which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction;
the control mechanism is in signal connection with the driving motor and is used for controlling the driving motor and acquiring the working state information of the driving motor.
Furthermore, the automatic loading mechanism comprises two adjustable outer rails, a loading outer frame, a loading bottom plate, a loading platform, a guiding force-dividing frame, an upper sliding rail, a fulcrum frame, a lever, a spring, a nut, a screw rod, a torque motor, a speed reducer and a loading rope;
the two adjustable outer rails are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the accessory frame and can slide along the axial direction of the main shaft, and the central axis of each adjustable outer rail is parallel to the axial lead of the main shaft and has the same height;
the loading outer frame capable of swinging around the longitudinal axis and the axis of the main shaft is arranged between the two adjustable outer rails;
four corners inside the loading outer frame are provided with sliding guide rails extending along the vertical direction;
along the vertical direction, the loading platforms are arranged at the top of the loading bottom plate at intervals; the outer peripheral surfaces of the loading platform and the loading bottom plate are in sliding fit with the inner side surfaces of the sliding guide rails;
the detection mechanism comprises a positive pressure sensor fixedly arranged on the top surface of the loading bottom plate, and the positive pressure sensor is used for detecting the positive pressure applied to the loading platform by the loading bottom plate;
the lubricating oil groove is fixedly arranged at the top of the loading platform;
the automatic loading mechanism drives the friction plate to apply positive pressure to the friction ring through the loading bottom plate;
the fulcrum frame is fixedly arranged at the top of the accessory frame, and the upper sliding rail is connected to the top of the accessory frame in a pressing mode;
the top end of the guide force-dividing frame is fixedly arranged at the end part of the upper slide rail and is of an inverted U-shaped structure, and a guide groove and a fixed pulley for guiding the loading rope are arranged on two sides of the guide force-dividing frame;
the central axis of the lever and the axis of the main shaft are positioned in the same vertical plane, and the central axis of the upper slide rail and the central axis of the lever are arranged in parallel; the lever is arranged in parallel with the main shaft, the middle part of the lever is arranged at the top of the fulcrum frame in a swinging way through a hinge seat, one end of the lever is hinged with a hoisting seat through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the lever is connected with the top end of the spring; the swing axis of the lever is parallel to the longitudinal axis; the top end of the hoisting seat can swing around the axis of the rotating shaft, and the axis of the rotating shaft is parallel to the longitudinal axis and is positioned in the same vertical plane; a rolling shaft is arranged at the bottom end of the hoisting seat, and the axis of the rolling shaft is parallel to the axis of the main shaft and is positioned in the same vertical plane;
the loading rope is of a closed loop structure, the top of the loading rope is suspended on the rolling shaft, the bottom of the loading rope is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the loading bottom plate, and the middle of the loading rope is guided by the guide groove and the fixed pulley of the guide force-dividing frame and the fixed pulleys on two sides of the loading bottom plate;
the bottom end of the spring is fixedly connected with the nut; the nut is in threaded fit with the screw; the axial lead of the screw is arranged along the vertical direction;
the torque motor and the speed reducer are both fixedly arranged on the top surface of the base, and the torque motor and the screw rod are driven by the speed reducer;
the torque motor is in signal connection with the control mechanism.
Furthermore, the detection mechanism further comprises a sensor support and a friction force sensor;
the sensor support is fixedly arranged on the base;
the friction force sensor is fixedly arranged at the top of the sensor support, is connected with the accessory frame and is used for detecting the friction force transmitted by the accessory frame.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a display device which is in signal connection with the control mechanism;
and according to the signals acquired by the control mechanism, the display device is used for displaying the working state information of the driving motor, the working state information of the torque motor and the numerical values acquired by the friction force sensor and the positive pressure sensor.
Furthermore, the transmission mechanism is a belt transmission mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism and a chain transmission mechanism;
the speed reducer is a bevel gear speed reducer or a worm gear speed reducer.
Furthermore, the end surface of the main shaft is provided with a threaded hole;
the friction ring is mounted to the main shaft through a first locking bolt.
Furthermore, the friction plate is an annular plate provided with a central through hole and is arranged in the lubricating oil groove through a second locking bolt penetrating through the central through hole;
the friction plate can be reused by rotating.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a rotating speed sensor arranged on the driving motor;
and the rotating speed sensor is in signal connection with the control mechanism and is used for detecting the rotating speed of the driving motor.
Furthermore, the driving motor is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the base, and a rubber gasket is clamped between the driving motor and the base;
the base is provided with a notch for the transmission mechanism to pass through.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the linear contact friction wear testing machine is characterized in that a main shaft and a driving transmission mechanism for driving the main shaft to rotate are supported on a base, a linear contact friction pair comprises a friction ring concentrically arranged at the end part of the main shaft and a friction plate arranged in a lubricating oil groove, the driving transmission mechanism drives the main shaft to rotate and drives the friction ring to rotate through the main shaft, so that the friction ring and the friction plate are subjected to linear contact friction; the automatic loading mechanism is used for applying positive pressure to the friction plate, and friction tests under different pressure conditions are realized through the automatic loading mechanism; the lubricating oil groove can ensure the continuous and stable lubricating environment of the linear contact friction pair, and the friction plate can always keep a constant linear contact friction state through the swinging of the lubricating oil groove around the shaft axis and the longitudinal axis of the main shaft which are vertically crossed in the horizontal plane; the detection mechanism is used for detecting positive pressure and friction force between the friction plate and the friction ring; the control mechanism controls the driving transmission mechanism to realize the preset rotating speed of the main shaft, controls the automatic loading mechanism to load according to the preset loading force, and simultaneously realizes real-time feedback regulation on the detection of positive pressure through the detection mechanism, thereby realizing automatic and accurate loading; therefore, when the linear contact friction and wear testing machine is used for a friction and wear test, the steady linear contact condition of the linear contact friction pair can be ensured by releasing the freedom degree, and the defect that the stable linear contact condition cannot be achieved due to point contact formed when the angle exists between the outer surface of the conventional friction ring and the friction plate is avoided; when the automatic loading mechanism has the swing freedom degree, the loading force of the friction plate and the reaction force of the friction ring can form a restoring moment, so that the automatic loading mechanism swings towards the direction of reducing the angle, the friction plate can be attached to the friction ring until the friction pair reaches stable line contact, and meanwhile, accurate loading can be realized through feedback adjustment, so that the accuracy degree of a friction and wear test is improved.
(2) According to the linear contact friction wear testing machine, a shaft sleeve of a driving transmission mechanism is fixedly arranged on a base through a supporting plate, a main shaft is arranged in the shaft sleeve through a bearing, and the rotary installation of the main shaft is realized through the shaft sleeve and the supporting plate; the accessory frame is of a hollow block structure and can be arranged at one end, close to the friction ring, of the shaft sleeve in a swinging mode, so that the automatic loading mechanism has a swinging freedom degree around the axis of the main shaft, the automatic loading mechanism can swing along with the friction plate under the action of friction force of the friction plate and the friction ring, the situation that the loading force is not perpendicular to the contact surface due to the fact that the friction plate swings around the axis of the main shaft due to deformation of a sensitive element of the friction force sensor is avoided, the principle defect that the friction force measuring process of the friction force sensor can affect the contact state of the friction pair is overcome, the fact that positive pressure is perpendicular to the contact surface all the time in the friction force measuring process is guaranteed, and accuracy and repeatability of a test result are improved.
(3) According to the line contact friction wear testing machine, the automatic loading mechanism is composed of the two adjustable outer rails, the loading outer frame, the loading bottom plate, the loading platform, the guiding force-dividing frame, the upper sliding rail, the fulcrum frame, the lever, the spring, the nut, the screw, the torque motor, the speed reducer and the loading rope, the automatic loading mechanism can synchronously swing around the axis of the main shaft along with the accessory frame and can synchronously swing around the longitudinal axis along with the loading outer frame in the loading process, so that the line contact friction pair and the automatic loading mechanism synchronously move, the acting force applied by the automatic loading mechanism just passes through the friction contact position of the friction ring and the friction plate, and the accuracy of a test result is further improved; meanwhile, a spring is adopted at the end part of the lever for loading, and the loading can be buffered between the lever and the nut through the spring; the control mechanism controls the torque motor to load, and meanwhile, the positive pressure feedback of the detection mechanism is combined, so that the load applied to the lever by the torque motor can be accurately controlled, and the accuracy of a test result is improved.
(4) The friction force sensor is fixedly arranged between the sensor support and the accessory frame, and the positive pressure sensor is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the loading bottom plate, so that the friction force between the friction ring and the friction plate can be detected through the friction force sensor, and meanwhile, the positive pressure applied between the friction ring and the friction plate by the automatic loading mechanism can be detected in real time through the positive pressure sensor.
(5) According to the linear contact friction wear testing machine, the friction plate is the annular plate provided with the central through hole and is arranged in the lubricating oil groove through the second locking bolt penetrating through the central through hole, so that after a single friction wear test is completed, the friction plate can rotate around the axis of the central through hole and then is fixed, and the surface part of the friction plate not participating in friction is used as a friction pair contact surface of the next test, so that the friction plate can be repeatedly utilized through rotation, the utilization rate of test materials can be greatly improved, and unnecessary waste is reduced.
(6) Because press from both sides between driving motor and the base and be equipped with the rubber gasket, can keep apart driving motor's vibration through the rubber gasket to weaken driving motor during operation self vibration and the experimental error that causes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a linear contact friction wear tester according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of the line contact friction wear tester of fig. 1.
Wherein, 1-base, 2-main supporting plate, 3-auxiliary supporting plate, 4-driving motor, 5-driving belt, 6-main shaft, 7-accessory rack, 8-adjustable outer rail, 9-loading outer rack, 10-loading bottom plate, 11-carrying platform, 12-guiding force-dividing rack, 13-fulcrum rack, 14-lever, 15-spring, 16-nut, 17-screw, 18-torque motor, 19-reducer, 20-lubricating oil groove, 21-friction ring, 22-friction plate, 23-sensor support, 24-friction force sensor, 25-positive pressure sensor, 26-first locking bolt, 27-second locking bolt, 28-shaft sleeve, 29-guiding groove and 30-fixed pulley, 31-hinged seat, 32-rotating shaft, 33-hoisting seat, 34-rolling shaft, 35-upper sliding rail and 36-loading rope
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a line contact friction wear testing machine with an automatic loading function, which comprises a base 1, a main shaft 6, a driving transmission mechanism, a line contact friction pair, an automatic loading mechanism, a lubricating oil groove 20, a detection mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the main shaft is arranged on the base 1; the base 1 is the basis of a linear contact friction wear testing machine and can be made of a steel plate; for convenience of description, in the embodiment of the present invention, a direction from left to right of a page in fig. 1 of the specification is defined as a transverse direction, i.e., an axial direction of a principal axis, a direction from top to bottom of the page in fig. 1 of the specification is defined as a vertical direction, and a direction perpendicular to the page in fig. 1 of the specification is defined as a longitudinal direction, i.e., an extending direction of a longitudinal axis.
The main shaft 6 is arranged along the horizontal direction and can be supported on the top of the base 1 in a rotating way around the axis; the axial direction and the transverse direction of the main shaft 6 are overlapped;
the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly arranged on the base 1 and used for driving the main shaft 6 to rotate and providing power for the rotation of the main shaft 6; the driving transmission mechanism can control and adjust the rotating speed of the main shaft 6 so as to control the rotating speed of the friction ring 21 rotating along with the main shaft 6;
the line contact friction pair comprises a friction ring 21 concentrically arranged at the end part of the main shaft 6 and a friction plate 22 the surface of which forms a constant line contact friction with the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 21; the friction ring 21 is arranged concentrically with the main shaft 6 and is detachably mounted at the end part of the main shaft 6; a constant line contact friction is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 21 and the surface of the friction plate 22; the end face of the main shaft 6 is provided with a threaded hole; the friction ring 21 is mounted to the main shaft 6 by a first locking bolt 26; the end surface of the friction ring 21 is arranged in parallel with the end surface of the main shaft 6;
the automatic loading mechanism is arranged on the base 1 and the main shaft 6 and is used for applying positive pressure to the friction plate 22 so as to ensure that the positive pressure exists between the friction plate 22 and the friction ring 21; the automatic loading mechanism can automatically load according to the preset loading force, and has the advantages of accurate loading and labor saving;
the lubricating oil groove 20 is arranged on the automatic loading mechanism, is provided with an opening at the top, can swing around the axial lead and the longitudinal axis of the main shaft 6, and is used for containing lubricating oil to lubricate the friction part of the friction plate 22 and the friction ring 21; the axis of the main shaft 6 is vertically intersected with the longitudinal axis in a horizontal plane, namely, the axis of the main shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis are both in the same horizontal plane, and the axis of the main shaft 6 is vertically intersected with the longitudinal axis; the friction plate 22 is detachably mounted to the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove 20; the friction plate 22 is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, the upper surface of the bottom plate of the lubricating oil groove 20 can be provided with a threaded hole (not shown in the figure), and the lubricating oil groove 20 is in threaded connection with the threaded hole on the upper surface of the bottom plate through a second locking bolt 27 penetrating through the central through hole; the friction plate 22 can be recycled through rotation; when the friction and wear test is performed, lubricating oil can be contained in the lubricating oil groove 20;
the detection mechanism is used for detecting the positive pressure and the friction force between the friction plate 22 and the friction ring 21;
the control mechanism is in signal connection with the driving transmission mechanism, the detection mechanism and the automatic loading mechanism, and is used for controlling the driving transmission mechanism to realize the preset rotating speed of the spindle 6, and controlling the automatic loading mechanism to enable the positive pressure between the friction plate 22 and the friction ring 21 to reach the preset loading force according to the preset loading force and the positive pressure signal detected by the detection mechanism. The predetermined loading force can be stored in the control device in advance or can be input into the control device during testing.
The linear contact friction wear testing machine is characterized in that a main shaft 6 and a driving transmission mechanism for driving the main shaft 6 to rotate are supported on a base 1, a linear contact friction pair comprises a friction ring 21 concentrically arranged at the end part of the main shaft 6 and a friction plate 22 arranged in a lubricating oil groove 20, the driving transmission mechanism drives the main shaft 6 to rotate, and the main shaft 6 drives the friction ring 21 to rotate, so that the friction ring 21 and the friction plate 22 are subjected to linear contact friction; the automatic loading mechanism is used for applying positive pressure to the friction plate 22 and the friction ring 21, and can automatically apply preset positive pressure between the friction ring 21 and the friction plate 22 through the automatic loading mechanism so as to realize friction tests under different pressure conditions; the lubricating oil groove 20 can guarantee the continuous and stable lubricating environment of the line contact friction pair, the lubricating oil groove 20 can swing around the axis line of the main shaft 6 and can also swing around the longitudinal axis, so that the friction plate 22 and the friction ring 21 are always in a constant line contact friction state, and the friction ring 21 and the friction plate 22 can always have better lubricating conditions through the lubricating oil groove 20; the detection mechanism is used for detecting the positive pressure and the friction force between the friction plate 22 and the friction ring 21; the control mechanism controls the driving transmission mechanism to realize the preset rotating speed of the main shaft 6, controls the automatic loading mechanism to load according to the preset loading force, and simultaneously realizes real-time feedback regulation on the detection of positive pressure through the detection mechanism, thereby realizing automatic and accurate loading; therefore, when the linear contact friction and wear testing machine is used for a friction and wear test, the steady linear contact condition of the linear contact friction pair can be ensured by releasing the degree of freedom, and the defects that the existing linear contact condition cannot be achieved because the point contact is formed between the outer surface of the friction ring 21 and the friction plate 22 due to the existence of a gap are avoided; when the automatic loading mechanism has the swinging freedom degree, the loading force of the friction plate 22 and the reaction force of the friction ring 21 form a restoring moment, so that the automatic loading mechanism swings towards the direction of reducing the angle, the friction plate 22 is close to the friction ring 21 until the friction pair reaches stable line contact, and meanwhile, the accurate loading can be realized through feedback adjustment, so that the accuracy degree of the friction and wear test is improved.
The friction plate 22 of the linear contact friction wear testing machine is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, and is installed in the lubricating oil groove 20 through the second locking bolt 27 penetrating through the central through hole, therefore, after a single friction wear test is completed, the friction plate 22 can be fixed after rotating around the axis of the central through hole, the surface part of the friction plate 22 which does not participate in friction is used as a friction pair contact surface of the next test, the friction plate 22 can be repeatedly utilized for multiple times through rotation, the utilization rate of test materials can be greatly improved, and unnecessary waste is reduced.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in the structure of fig. 1 and 2, the driving transmission mechanism comprises a driving motor 4, a transmission mechanism, a shaft sleeve 28, a supporting plate and an accessory frame 7;
the driving motor 4 is fixedly arranged on the base 1, is in transmission connection with the main shaft 6 through a transmission mechanism and is used for driving the main shaft 6 to rotate; the driving motor 4 can be fixedly arranged at the bottom of the base 1 through bolts, and a rubber gasket (not shown in the figure) is clamped between the driving motor 4 and the base 1; the base 1 is provided with a notch for the transmission mechanism to pass through; the transmission mechanism can be a belt transmission mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism;
the shaft sleeve 28 is fixedly arranged on the base 1 through a supporting plate; as shown in the structure of fig. 1 and 2, the support plate may include a main support plate 2 and a sub-support plate 3 disposed in a vertical direction; the main supporting plate 2 and the auxiliary supporting plate 3 form a frame structure with higher rigidity, and provide effective support for the main shaft 6; the main shaft 6 is arranged in the shaft sleeve 28 through a bearing, and the axial lead of the main shaft 6 is parallel to the axial lead of the driving motor 4; the accessory frame 7 is arranged at one end of the shaft sleeve 28 close to the friction ring 21 in a manner of swinging around the axis of the main shaft 6, and is used for supporting the automatic loading mechanism and enabling the automatic loading mechanism to have the rotation freedom degree around the axis of the main shaft 6; the accessory frame 7 is of a hollow block structure and is provided with at least four side surfaces which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the accessory frame 7 is provided with a bearing through hole, a bearing is arranged in the bearing through hole, the outer peripheral side of the shaft sleeve 28 is sleeved through the bearing, and the accessory frame 7 rotates relative to the shaft sleeve 28 through the bearing; the rotating axis of the accessory frame 7 is superposed with the axis line of the main shaft 6; the control mechanism is in signal connection with the driving motor 4 and is used for controlling the driving motor 4 and obtaining the working state information of the driving motor 4.
Because the shaft sleeve of the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly arranged on the base 1 through the supporting plate, the main shaft 6 is arranged in the shaft sleeve 28 through the bearing, and the rotating installation of the main shaft 6 is realized through the shaft sleeve 28 and the supporting plate; because the accessory frame 7 is a hollow block structure and can be arranged at one end of the shaft sleeve 28 in a swinging mode, the automatic loading mechanism has a swinging freedom degree around the axis of the main shaft 6, the automatic loading mechanism can swing along with the friction plate 22 under the action of the friction force of the friction plate 22 and the friction ring 19, the situation that the loading force is not vertical to the contact surface due to the fact that the friction plate 22 swings around the axis of the main shaft 6 due to the deformation of a sensitive element of the friction force sensor is avoided, the principle defect that the friction force measuring process of the friction force sensor 24 can affect the contact state of a friction pair is overcome, the fact that positive pressure is always vertical to the contact surface in the friction force measuring process is guaranteed, and the accuracy and the repeatability of a test result are improved.
Because press from both sides between driving motor 4 and the base 1 and be equipped with the rubber gasket, can keep apart driving motor 4's vibration through the rubber gasket to weaken driving motor 4 during operation self vibration and the experimental error that causes.
Furthermore, the automatic loading mechanism comprises two adjustable outer rails 8, a loading outer frame 9, a loading bottom plate 10, a loading platform 11, a guiding force-dividing frame 12, an upper sliding rail 35, a fulcrum frame 13, a lever 14, a spring 15, a nut 16, a screw 17, a torque motor 18, a speed reducer 19 and a loading rope 36;
the two adjustable outer rails 8 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the accessory frame 7 and can slide along the axial direction of the main shaft 6, and the central axis of each adjustable outer rail 8 is parallel to the axial lead of the main shaft 6 and has the same height; as shown in the structure of fig. 1 and 2, a fixed sliding block is fixedly installed on the surface of one side of the accessory frame 7 corresponding to the adjustable outer rail 8, and the adjustable outer rail 8 is in sliding fit with the fixed sliding block to realize sliding adjustment of the adjustable outer rail 8 relative to the accessory frame 7; the fixed sliding block and the accessory frame 7 can be in a split structure or an integral structure; the axial position of the loading outer frame 9 along the main shaft 6 can be adjusted through the adjustable outer rail 8;
a loading outer frame 9 which can swing around the longitudinal axis and the axis of the main shaft 6 is arranged between the two adjustable outer rails 8; a mounting hole is formed in one end, facing the lubricating oil groove 20, of the adjustable outer rail 8, wherein the end, far away from the accessory frame 7, of the adjustable outer rail 8, and the axis line of the mounting hole is overlapped with the longitudinal axis; the loading outer frame 9 is provided with a rotating shaft corresponding to the mounting hole, and the loading outer frame 9 is arranged between the two symmetrically arranged adjustable outer rails 8 through the rotating fit of the rotating shaft and the mounting hole; a bearing can be arranged between the rotating shaft and the mounting hole; through the rotational fit between the adjustable outer rail 8 and the loading outer frame 9, the swing freedom of the automatic loading mechanism along the longitudinal axis can be released;
four corners inside the loading outer frame 9 are provided with sliding guide rails which extend along the vertical direction and are parallel to each other; the loading outer frame 9 is of a frame structure, and four vertical sliding guide rails are arranged on the inner side of the frame structure and used for guiding the movement directions of the loading bottom plate 10 and the loading platform 11;
along the vertical direction, the loading platforms 11 are arranged at intervals at the top of the loading base plate 10; the outer peripheral surfaces of the loading platform 11 and the loading bottom plate 10 are in sliding fit with the inner side surfaces of the sliding guide rails; fixed pulleys in rolling fit with the loading ropes 36 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the loading base plate 10;
the detection mechanism comprises a positive pressure sensor 25 fixedly arranged on the top surface of the loading base plate 10; a positive pressure sensor 25 is installed between the loading baseplate 10 and the loading platform 11, and is used for detecting the positive pressure applied to the loading platform 11 by the loading baseplate 10 to measure the positive pressure between the friction plate 22 and the friction ring 21;
the lubricating oil groove 20 is fixedly arranged at the top of the object platform 11;
the automatic loading mechanism drives the friction plate 22 to apply positive pressure to the friction ring 21 through the loading bottom plate 10;
the fulcrum frame 13 is fixedly arranged at the top of the accessory frame 7, and the upper slide rail 35 is pressed on the top of the accessory frame 7; the fulcrum frame 13 may be an H-shaped structure;
the top end of the guiding force-dividing frame 12 is fixedly arranged at the end part of the upper slide rail 35, is of an inverted U-shaped structure, and is provided with a guide groove 29 and a fixed pulley 30 at two sides for guiding a loading rope 36;
the lever 14 is arranged in parallel with the main shaft 6, the middle part of the lever is arranged at the top of the fulcrum frame 13 in a swinging way through a hinge seat 31, one end of the lever is hinged with a hoisting seat 33 through a rotating shaft 32, and the other end of the lever is connected with the top end of the spring 15; the axis of oscillation of the lever 14 is parallel to the longitudinal axis; the top end of the hoisting seat 33 can swing around the axis of the rotating shaft 32, and the axis of the rotating shaft 32 is parallel to the longitudinal axis and is positioned in the same vertical plane; the bottom end of the hoisting seat 33 is provided with a roller 34 which is arranged in parallel with the main shaft 6, and the axis of the roller 34 is parallel with the axis of the main shaft 6 and is positioned in the same vertical plane;
the loading rope 36 is of a closed loop structure, the top of the loading rope is hung on the roller 34, the bottom of the loading rope is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the loading bottom plate 10, and the middle of the loading rope is guided by the guide groove 29 and the fixed pulley 30 of the guide force-dividing frame 12 and the fixed pulleys 30 on two sides of the loading bottom plate 10; during loading, the loading rope 36 is in a tightened state, and can transmit the loading force generated by the lever 14 to the loading base plate 10; as shown in the configuration of fig. 1 and 2, when two load cables 36 are used, the two load cables 36 have the same length;
the bottom end of the spring 15 is fixedly connected to a nut 16, and the nut 16 can be made of a steel plate with a central threaded hole; the nut 16 is in spiral fit with the screw 17, and the axis of the screw 17 is arranged along the vertical direction; thereby converting the rotary motion of the screw 17 into linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction, and pulling the lever 14 to swing to realize loading;
the torque motor 18 and the speed reducer 19 are both fixedly arranged on the top surface of the base 1, and the torque motor 18 and the screw 17 are driven by the speed reducer 19; the torque motor 18 is in signal communication with the control mechanism. The reducer 19 may be a bevel gear reducer or a worm gear reducer.
The automatic loading mechanism of the linear contact friction wear testing machine is composed of two adjustable outer rails 8, a loading outer frame 9, a loading bottom plate 10, a loading platform 11, a guiding force-dividing frame 12, an upper sliding rail 35, a fulcrum frame 13, a lever 14, a spring 15, a nut 16, a screw rod 17, a torque motor 18, a speed reducer 19 and a loading rope 36, and ensures that the automatic loading mechanism can synchronously swing around the axis of a main shaft 6 along with an accessory frame 7 and also can synchronously swing around the longitudinal axis along with the loading outer frame 9 in the loading process, so that a linear contact friction pair and the automatic loading mechanism synchronously move, the acting force applied by the automatic loading mechanism just passes through the friction contact position of a friction ring 21 and a friction plate 22, and the accuracy of the test result is further improved. Meanwhile, a spring 15 is adopted to load the end part of the lever 14, and the loading can be buffered between the lever 14 and the nut 16 through the spring 15; the control mechanism controls the torque motor 18 to load, and meanwhile, the positive pressure feedback of the detection mechanism is combined, so that the load applied to the lever by the torque motor 18 can be accurately controlled, and the accuracy of a test result is improved.
Specifically, the detection mechanism further includes a sensor holder 23 and a frictional force sensor 24; the sensor support 23 is fixedly arranged on the base 1; the sensor support 23 can be an L-shaped structure, the top end of the sensor support is provided with a small hole for installing the friction force sensor 24, and the friction force sensor 24 is fixedly arranged at the top of the sensor support 23, is connected with the accessory frame 7 and is used for detecting the friction force transmitted by the accessory frame 7; the friction force sensor 24 can be connected with the accessory frame 7 through a T-shaped plate, and when the accessory frame 7 is subjected to the friction force transmitted by the friction plate 22, the friction force sensor 24 generates a corresponding deformation signal due to the pulling force; the positive pressure sensor 25 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate 10 and is used for detecting the positive pressure applied to the loading platform 11 by the loading base plate 10; when the loading base plate 10 is subjected to a loading force, the loading base plate 10 slides upwards under the action of the loading force, so that the positive pressure sensor 25 contacts the loading platform 11; when the loading process is finished, the positive pressure sensor 25 generates corresponding extrusion deformation due to the loading force, and generates a deformation signal; the control mechanism is in signal connection with a friction sensor 24 and a positive pressure sensor 25.
Since the detection mechanism includes the friction force sensor 24 and the positive pressure sensor 25, the friction force sensor 24 is fixedly installed between the sensor support 23 and the attachment frame 7, and the positive pressure sensor 25 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate 10, the friction force between the friction ring 21 and the friction plate 22 can be detected by the friction force sensor 24, and at the same time, the positive pressure applied between the friction ring 21 and the friction plate 22 by the automatic loading mechanism can be detected by the positive pressure sensor 25.
On the basis of the various embodiments, the linear contact friction wear testing machine further comprises a display device in signal connection with the control mechanism and a rotating speed sensor installed on the driving motor 4; the display device and the control mechanism may be of unitary construction; and the display device is used for displaying the working state information of the driving motor 4, the working state information of the torque motor 18 and the numerical values collected by the friction force sensor 24 and the positive pressure sensor 25 according to the signals acquired by the control mechanism. The rotating speed sensor is in signal connection with the control mechanism and is used for detecting the rotating speed of the driving motor 4.
The display device is convenient for displaying various working parameters and collected parameters of the testing machine; the rotational speed of the drive motor 4 can be detected conveniently by means of a rotational speed sensor and the relative speed between the friction plate 22 and the friction ring 21 can be monitored and adjusted by means of the rotational speed sensor and a control mechanism.
In the process of testing by adopting the linear contact friction wear testing machine, the torque motor 18 is in electrical signal connection with the control mechanism, receives a preset loading force signal of the control mechanism, loads an external force to the lever 14 through the torque motor 18, simultaneously, the positive pressure sensor acquires the magnitude of the loading force in real time and feeds the magnitude back to the control mechanism, the control mechanism compares the loading force with the preset loading force, and outputs a correction signal to the torque motor 18 in real time to complete the feedback control process of the loading force; the loading force is transmitted to the loading base plate 10 through the loading rope 36, the loading base plate 10 moves upwards along the sliding guide rail due to the slide rail limitation of the loading outer frame 9, and the positive pressure sensor 25 moves along with the loading base plate 10, so as to contact and push the loading platform 11 to move upwards. The lubricant oil groove 20 is fixed on the loading platform 11 and moves upwards along with the loading platform 11. Because the friction plate 22 is located at the inner bottom of the lubricating oil groove 20, the friction plate 22 moves upwards along with the lubricating oil groove 20, and after the end face of the friction plate 22 is tangent to and completely attached to the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 21, the loading bottom plate 10 cannot move upwards any more, the friction pair is subjected to corresponding loading force, the friction pair is in a linear contact state, and the loading process is completed.
When the peripheral surface of the friction ring 21 or the friction plate 22 is not tangent to the end surface of the friction plate 22 due to external factors, the friction pair is out of the linear contact state, a certain included angle is formed between the corresponding binding surfaces, and a rotation moment is formed between the two planes; because the friction ring 21 is a fixed structure, the rotation torque finally acts on the automatic loading mechanism, so that the loading outer frame swings around the rotation axis thereof in the direction of reducing the included angle of the binding surface, and the end surface of the friction plate 22 correspondingly swings along with the loading outer frame; when the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 21 is again brought into contact with the end surface of the friction plate 22, the rotational moment acting between the two planes disappears, and the friction pair resumes the line contact state. When the driving motor 4 is running, the friction ring 21 rotates with the spindle 6, the peripheral surface of the friction ring 21 and the end surface of the friction plate 22 are always tangent under the action of the restoring torque, and thus the friction ring 21 and the friction plate 22 are always in a stable linear contact state.
The constant linear contact friction between the friction ring 21 and the friction plate 22 can be realized by using the linear contact friction wear testing machine. On the basis, the rotating speed of the friction ring 21 is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the driving motor 4, and the positive pressure is controlled by controlling the rotating angle of the torque motor 18 in the automatic loading mechanism, so that the friction and wear conditions of the linear contact friction pair under different rotating speeds and different positive pressure conditions are detected, and the accuracy of the test result is improved. Before the end of the lever is loaded through the rotation angle of the torque motor 18, the torque motor 18 can be calibrated in advance to obtain the corresponding relation between the rotation angle of the torque motor 18 and the positive pressure value, and then the rotation angle of the torque motor 18 is controlled according to the corresponding relation to realize the accurate loading of the positive pressure.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a line contact friction wear test machine with automatic loading function which characterized in that includes:
a base;
the main shaft is supported on the top of the base along the horizontal direction;
the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly arranged on the base and is used for driving the main shaft to rotate;
the linear contact friction pair comprises a friction ring concentrically arranged at the end part of the main shaft and a friction plate of which the surface forms constant linear contact friction with the peripheral surface of the friction ring;
the automatic loading mechanism is arranged on the base and the main shaft and is used for applying positive pressure to the friction plate;
the lubricating oil groove is arranged on the loading mechanism, is provided with an opening at the top, can swing around the axial lead and the longitudinal axis of the main shaft and is used for containing lubricating oil; the axis line of the main shaft is vertically intersected with the longitudinal axis in a horizontal plane; the friction plate is detachably arranged on the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove;
the detection mechanism is used for detecting positive pressure and friction force between the friction plate and the friction ring;
and the control mechanism is in signal connection with the driving transmission mechanism, the detection mechanism and the automatic loading mechanism and is used for controlling the driving transmission mechanism to realize the preset rotating speed of the spindle and controlling the automatic loading mechanism to enable the positive pressure between the friction plate and the friction ring to reach the preset loading force according to the preset loading force and the positive pressure signal detected by the detection mechanism.
2. The line contact friction wear tester of claim 1 wherein the drive transmission mechanism includes a drive motor, a transmission mechanism, a bushing, a support plate, and an accessory carriage;
the driving motor is fixedly arranged on the base and is in transmission connection with the main shaft through the transmission mechanism;
the shaft sleeve is fixedly arranged on the base through the supporting plate;
the main shaft is arranged in the shaft sleeve through a bearing, and the shaft axis of the main shaft is parallel to the shaft axis of the driving motor;
the accessory frame can be arranged at one end, close to the friction ring, of the shaft sleeve in a swinging mode around the axis line of the main shaft and is used for supporting the loading mechanism; the accessory frame is of a hollow block structure and is provided with at least four side surfaces which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction;
the control mechanism is in signal connection with the driving motor and is used for controlling the driving motor and acquiring the working state information of the driving motor.
3. The line contact friction wear testing machine of claim 2, wherein the loading mechanism comprises two adjustable outer rails, a loading outer frame, a loading bottom plate, a loading platform, a guiding force-dividing frame, an upper sliding rail, a fulcrum frame, a lever, a spring, a nut, a screw, a torque motor, a reducer and a loading rope;
the two adjustable outer rails are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the accessory frame and can slide along the axial direction of the main shaft, and the central axis of each adjustable outer rail is parallel to the axial lead of the main shaft and has the same height;
the loading outer frame capable of swinging around the longitudinal axis and the axis of the main shaft is arranged between the two adjustable outer rails;
four corners inside the loading outer frame are provided with sliding guide rails extending along the vertical direction;
along the vertical direction, the loading platforms are arranged at the top of the loading bottom plate at intervals; the outer peripheral surfaces of the loading platform and the loading bottom plate are in sliding fit with the inner side surfaces of the sliding guide rails;
the detection mechanism comprises a positive pressure sensor fixedly arranged on the top surface of the loading bottom plate, and the positive pressure sensor is used for detecting the positive pressure applied to the loading platform by the loading bottom plate;
the lubricating oil groove is fixedly arranged at the top of the loading platform;
the loading mechanism drives the friction plate to apply positive pressure to the friction ring through the loading bottom plate;
the fulcrum frame is fixedly arranged at the top of the accessory frame, and the upper sliding rail is connected to the top of the accessory frame in a pressing mode;
the top end of the guide force-dividing frame is fixedly arranged at the end part of the upper slide rail and is of an inverted U-shaped structure, and a guide groove and a fixed pulley for guiding the loading rope are arranged on two sides of the guide force-dividing frame;
the central axis of the lever and the axis of the main shaft are positioned in the same vertical plane, and the central axis of the upper slide rail and the central axis of the lever are arranged in parallel; the lever is arranged in parallel with the main shaft, the middle part of the lever is arranged at the top of the fulcrum frame in a swinging way through a hinge seat, one end of the lever is hinged with a hoisting seat through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the lever is connected with the top end of the spring; the swing axis of the lever is parallel to the longitudinal axis; the top end of the hoisting seat can swing around the axis of the rotating shaft, and the axis of the rotating shaft is parallel to the longitudinal axis and is positioned in the same vertical plane; a rolling shaft is arranged at the bottom end of the hoisting seat, and the axis of the rolling shaft is parallel to the axis of the main shaft and is positioned in the same vertical plane;
the loading rope is of a closed loop structure, the top of the loading rope is suspended on the rolling shaft, the bottom of the loading rope is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the loading bottom plate, and the middle of the loading rope is guided by the guide groove and the fixed pulley of the guide force-dividing frame and the fixed pulleys on two sides of the loading bottom plate;
the bottom end of the spring is fixedly connected with the nut; the nut is in spiral fit with the screw rod; the axial lead of the screw is arranged along the vertical direction;
the torque motor and the speed reducer are both fixedly arranged on the top surface of the base, and the torque motor and the screw rod are driven by the speed reducer;
the torque motor is in signal connection with the control mechanism.
4. The line contact friction wear tester of claim 2, wherein the detection mechanism further comprises a sensor mount and a friction force sensor;
the sensor support is fixedly arranged on the base;
the friction force sensor is fixedly arranged at the top of the sensor support, is connected with the accessory frame and is used for detecting the friction force transmitted by the accessory frame.
5. The line contact friction wear tester of claim 4 further comprising a display device in signal communication with the control mechanism;
and according to the signals acquired by the control mechanism, the display device is used for displaying the working state information of the driving motor, the working state information of the torque motor and the numerical values acquired by the friction force sensor and the positive pressure sensor.
6. The line contact friction wear tester of claim 3 wherein the transmission is a belt transmission, a gear transmission or a chain transmission;
the speed reducer is a bevel gear speed reducer or a worm gear speed reducer.
7. The line contact friction wear tester according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the end face of the spindle is provided with a threaded hole;
the friction ring is mounted on the main shaft through a first locking bolt.
8. The line contact friction wear tester as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the friction plate is an annular plate provided with a central through hole and is mounted to the lubrication groove by a second locking bolt passing through the central through hole;
the friction plate can be reused by rotating.
9. The line contact friction wear tester of any one of claims 2-5, further comprising a rotational speed sensor mounted to the drive motor;
and the rotating speed sensor is in signal connection with the control mechanism and is used for detecting the rotating speed of the driving motor.
10. The line contact friction wear testing machine according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the driving motor is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the base, and a rubber gasket is clamped between the driving motor and the base;
the base is provided with a notch for the transmission mechanism to pass through.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210682289.4A CN115078068A (en) | 2022-06-15 | 2022-06-15 | Line contact friction wear testing machine with automatic loading function |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210682289.4A CN115078068A (en) | 2022-06-15 | 2022-06-15 | Line contact friction wear testing machine with automatic loading function |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115683915A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-02-03 | 山东德裕天虹新材料科技有限公司 | Wrapping bag printing face resistance to wears detection device |
| CN116973099A (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-10-31 | 南京理工大学 | Be applied to controllable frictional force adjusting device of servo loading test bench |
| CN117451236A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-01-26 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Friction torque testing method |
-
2022
- 2022-06-15 CN CN202210682289.4A patent/CN115078068A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115683915A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-02-03 | 山东德裕天虹新材料科技有限公司 | Wrapping bag printing face resistance to wears detection device |
| CN115683915B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-04-14 | 山东德裕天虹新材料科技有限公司 | Wrapping bag printing face resistance to wears detection device |
| CN116973099A (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-10-31 | 南京理工大学 | Be applied to controllable frictional force adjusting device of servo loading test bench |
| CN116973099B (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2024-02-27 | 南京理工大学 | Be applied to controllable frictional force adjusting device of servo loading test bench |
| CN117451236A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-01-26 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Friction torque testing method |
| CN117451236B (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-04-19 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Friction torque testing method |
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