CN115078069A - Line contact friction wear testing machine with calibration function - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a linear contact friction wear testing machine with a calibration function, which comprises: a base; a main shaft supported on the top of the base along the horizontal direction; the driving device is fixedly arranged on the base; the linear contact friction pair comprises a friction ring concentrically arranged at the end part of the main shaft and a friction plate the surface of which forms constant linear contact friction with the friction ring; the loading device is arranged on the base and the main shaft; the lubricating oil groove can swing around the axial lead and the longitudinal axis of the main shaft; the detection device is used for detecting the contact pressure and the friction force of the line contact friction pair; and the bottom end of the laser calibration device is installed on the base and used for calibrating the initial position of the loading device through laser. The testing machine can ensure the steady line contact friction of the friction pair, can ensure continuous and stable lubrication, and can calibrate the loading device before the test starts, thereby improving the accuracy of the test result.

Description

A line contact friction and wear testing machine with calibration function

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of friction testing, in particular to a line contact friction and wear testing machine with calibration function.

Background technique

As we all know, when two objects are in contact with each other and there is relative motion on the contact surface, friction will occur between the two, which will lead to different degrees of friction and wear. This friction and wear phenomenon is both beneficial and harmful. It can be used to improve the surface roughness of objects in industrial production, but it can also greatly reduce the performance and service life of production machines. Therefore, if we can correctly grasp the friction and wear mechanism between objects in contact with each other, we can guide social production practice on this basis, reduce unnecessary resource consumption problems, and improve equipment work efficiency. At the same time, it can also provide an important reference for the research of tribology and related fields.

At present, the scientific community has not yet formed a complete theoretical system for the friction and wear phenomenon between solids, and the research on its deep mechanism has not yet matured. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the properties of the friction pair through theoretical analysis. However, in the industrial production process, in order to correctly design the matching relationship between the friction components, it is necessary to correctly and effectively evaluate the friction characteristics of the friction pair. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the friction coefficient and wear characteristics of the corresponding materials by designing a suitable friction and wear machine.

In the prior art, the friction and wear testing machine used for the line contact friction and wear test has line contact friction due to the inevitable vibration during the rotation of the main shaft and the fact that the friction sensor measurement process will destroy the contact state between the friction pairs. The problem of the inability to accurately maintain balance and stable line contact between the pairs may lead to uneven loading of the load and inaccurate results. In addition, some studies need to consider the friction characteristics of friction pairs under stable lubrication conditions, but most friction and wear machines often cannot provide a continuous and stable lubrication environment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention provides a line contact friction and wear tester with calibration function, which can ensure the constant line contact friction of the friction pair by releasing the degree of freedom, and can ensure continuous and stable lubrication. environment, and the loading device can be calibrated before the test starts, which improves the accuracy of the test results.

The present invention adopts following concrete technical scheme:

A line contact friction and wear testing machine with calibration function, the testing machine includes:

pedestal;

The main shaft is supported on the top of the base along the horizontal direction;

a driving device, fixedly mounted on the base, for driving the main shaft to rotate;

A linear contact friction pair, comprising a friction ring concentrically installed at the end of the main shaft and a friction plate whose surface forms constant linear contact friction with the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring;

a loading device, mounted on the base and the main shaft, for pushing the friction plate toward the friction ring to adjust the positive pressure between the friction plate and the friction ring;

The lubricating oil groove is installed on the loading device, and the top is provided with an opening, which can swing around the axis line and the longitudinal axis of the main shaft for accommodating the lubricating oil; the axis line of the main shaft and the longitudinal axis are in the horizontal plane The inner vertical intersects; the friction plate is detachably installed on the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove;

a detection device for detecting the positive pressure and frictional force between the friction plate and the friction ring;

a control device, signally connected with the driving device and the detection device, and used for acquiring the detection signal of the detection device;

A laser calibration device, the bottom end of which is mounted on the base and located outside the loading device, used for calibrating the initial position of the loading device by laser.

Further, the laser alignment device includes three lasers and a laser holder;

The laser fixing frame is a door-type bracket, including two vertical rods symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main shaft and a cross rod fixedly connected to the top ends of the two vertical rods; the center line of the horizontal rod and the longitudinal axis parallel setting;

Both the bottom ends of the two vertical rods can be mounted on the top surface of the base in an adjustable manner along the axial position of the main shaft;

One of the lasers is installed on both the vertical rod and the horizontal rod;

The laser mounted on the horizontal bar is used to emit a vertical laser beam that is directed towards the geometric center of the friction ring and propagates in the vertical direction; the laser mounted on the vertical bar is used to emit the geometrical center of the friction ring. a horizontal laser beam in the center and propagating in the horizontal direction;

The loading device is provided with light-transmitting holes for passing through the vertical laser beam and the horizontal laser beam.

Further, the driving device includes a motor, a transmission belt, a shaft sleeve, a support plate and a turret;

The motor is fixedly installed on the base, and is connected with the main shaft through the transmission belt;

The shaft sleeve is fixedly mounted on the base through the support plate;

The main shaft is installed in the shaft sleeve through a bearing, and the axis line of the main shaft is arranged in parallel with the axis line of the motor;

The turret is mounted on the end of the bushing close to the friction ring so as to be able to swing around the axis of the main shaft, so as to support the loading device; At least four sides evenly distributed in the circumferential direction;

The control device is signal-connected with the motor, and is used for controlling the motor and acquiring working state information of the motor.

Further, the loading device includes two adjustable outer rails, a loading outer frame, a loading bottom plate, a loading platform, a guide sub-frame, an upper slide rail, a fulcrum frame, a lever, a guide seat, a weight, a guide rope and load rope;

The two adjustable outer rails are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the turret and can slide along the axial direction of the main shaft. The central axis of the adjustable outer rail is parallel to the axis of the main shaft and has a the same height;

The loading outer frame capable of swinging around the longitudinal axis and the axis of the main shaft is installed between the two adjustable outer rails;

The inner four corners of the outer loading frame are provided with sliding guide rails extending along the vertical direction;

along the vertical direction, the loading platform is arranged at intervals on the top of the loading bottom plate; the outer peripheral surfaces of the loading platform and the loading bottom plate are both slidably matched with the inner side surface of the sliding guide rail;

The detection device includes a positive pressure sensor fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate, and the positive pressure sensor is used to detect the positive pressure applied by the loading base plate to the loading platform;

the lubricating oil groove is fixedly installed on the top of the loading platform;

The loading device drives the friction plate to apply positive pressure to the friction ring through the loading bottom plate;

The fulcrum frame is fixedly installed on the top of the turret, and the upper slide rail is crimped on the top of the turret;

The center of the top of the guide sub-frame is fixedly installed on the end of the upper slide rail, which is an inverted U-shaped structure, and both sides are provided with guide grooves and fixed pulleys for guiding the loading rope;

The central axis of the lever and the axis of the main shaft are located in the same vertical plane, and the central axis of the upper slide rail and the central axis of the lever are arranged in parallel; the lever is arranged in parallel with the main shaft , the middle part is swingably installed on the top of the fulcrum frame through a hinge seat, one end is hinged with a hoisting seat through a rotating shaft, and the other end is connected with the guide rope; the swing axis of the lever is parallel to the longitudinal axis; the hoisting seat The top end of the hoisting seat can swing around the axis line of the rotating shaft, and the axis line of the rotating shaft is parallel to the longitudinal axis and located in the same vertical plane; The line is parallel to the axis of the main shaft and lies in the same vertical plane;

The two loading ropes are parallel and are closed-loop structures, the top is suspended from the roller, the bottom is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the loading bottom plate, and the middle part passes through the guide groove of the guide sub-frame, the fixed pulley, and the The fixed pulleys on both sides of the loading base plate guide;

The bottom end of the guide rope is connected with the weight after bypassing the guide seat;

The guide seat is fixedly installed on the base and is located at the bottom of the lever, and is provided with two fixed pulleys that rotate around the horizontal axis. extend;

the vertical rod is located on the outer side of the adjustable outer rail, and the cross rod is located on the top side of the lever;

The hoisting base, the rotating shaft, the roller, the upper slide rail, and the guide sub-frame are all provided with light-transmitting holes penetrating in the vertical direction for transmitting the vertical laser light bundle;

Both the adjustable outer rail and the loading outer frame are provided with light-transmitting holes penetrating along the longitudinal axis for transmitting the horizontal laser beam.

Further, the detection device also includes a sensor support and a friction sensor;

the sensor support is fixedly mounted on the base;

The friction force sensor is fixedly mounted on the top of the sensor support and connected to the turret for detecting the friction force transmitted by the turret.

Further, it also includes a display device signally connected to the control device and a rotational speed sensor installed on the motor;

According to the signal acquired by the control device, the display device is configured to display the working state information of the motor, and the values collected by the friction sensor and the positive pressure sensor;

The rotational speed sensor is signally connected to the control device for detecting the rotational speed of the motor.

Further, the end face of the main shaft is provided with threaded holes;

the friction ring is mounted on the main shaft through a first locking bolt;

The friction plate is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, and is mounted on the lubricating oil groove through a second locking bolt passing through the central through hole;

The friction plate can be reused by rotating.

Further, the motor is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base, and a rubber gasket is sandwiched between the motor and the base;

The base is provided with a notch for the drive belt to pass through.

Beneficial effects:

(1) The testing machine of the present invention is supported on the base with a main shaft and a driving device that drives the main shaft to rotate, and the line contact friction pair includes a friction ring installed at the end of the main shaft and a friction plate installed in the lubricating oil groove, and the friction is driven by the main shaft. The ring rotates to make the friction ring and the friction plate perform line contact friction; the loading device is used to adjust the positive pressure between the friction plate and the friction ring, and the friction test under different pressure conditions is realized through the loading device; the lubricating oil groove can ensure the line contact friction pair The continuous and stable lubrication environment, and through the swing of the lubricating oil groove around the axis and longitudinal axis of the main shaft that intersect vertically in the horizontal plane, the friction plate can always maintain a constant line contact friction state with the friction ring, and the lubricating oil groove can make friction The ring and the friction plate always have good lubrication conditions; the detection device is used to detect the positive pressure and friction force between the friction plate and the friction ring; the laser calibration device is used to calibrate the initial position of the loading device by laser, so that the loading The positive pressure exerted by the device just passes through the geometric center of the friction ring, so that the loading is accurate during the friction and wear test; therefore, the above-mentioned line contact friction and wear testing machine can ensure the line contact friction by releasing the degree of freedom during the friction and wear test. The constant line contact condition of the pair avoids the defect that point contact is formed when there is an angle between the outer surface of the friction ring and the friction plate, and the stable line contact condition cannot be achieved; when the loading device has a swinging degree of freedom, the loading force of the friction plate The reaction force with the friction ring will form a restoring moment, so that the loading device swings in the direction of reducing the angle, and the friction plate will be close to the friction ring until the friction pair reaches a stable line contact, thereby improving the accuracy of the friction and wear test results.

(2) The testing machine of the present invention emits laser light to the geometric center of the friction ring through the three lasers of the laser calibration device, so that the laser beams emitted by the lasers located on the top and both sides of the loading device converge on the geometric center of the friction ring. There is a light-transmitting hole that transmits the laser beam, so that the initial position of the loading device can be calibrated through the light-transmitting hole, so as to avoid the phenomenon of deviation of the installation position of the loading device, so that the loading device can be loaded accurately, and the accuracy of the friction and wear test can be further improved. .

(3) In the testing machine of the present invention, the shaft sleeve of the driving device is fixedly installed on the base through the support plate, the main shaft is installed in the shaft sleeve through the bearing, and the rotation installation of the main shaft is realized through the shaft sleeve and the support plate; because the turret is hollow The block structure is swingably installed on the end of the shaft sleeve close to the friction ring, which is used to support the loading device. The loading device can swing with the friction plate, so as to avoid the deformation of the sensitive element of the friction sensor, which causes the friction plate to swing around the axis of the main shaft, causing the loading force to be non-perpendicular to the contact surface. The principle defect ensures that the positive pressure is always perpendicular to the contact surface during the friction measurement process, which improves the accuracy and repeatability of the test results.

(4) In the testing machine of the present invention, the loading device adopts two adjustable outer rails, a loading outer frame, a loading bottom plate, a loading platform, a guide sub-frame, an upper slide rail, a fulcrum frame, a lever, a guide seat, a weight, The guide rope and the loading rope are formed, and the parts corresponding to the optical path of the laser are provided with light-transmitting holes, which ensures that the loading device can swing synchronously with the axis line of the turret around the main shaft, and the laser beam emitted by the laser is passed before the test. The position of the loading device is calibrated, and it can also swing synchronously with the loading outer frame around the longitudinal axis during the loading process, so that the line contact friction pair and the loading device move synchronously, so that the force exerted by the loading device just passes the friction between the friction ring and the friction plate. The contact position further improves the accuracy of the test results.

(5) Since the detection device includes a friction force sensor and a positive pressure sensor, the friction force sensor is fixedly installed between the sensor support and the turret, and the positive pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate. The friction force between the ring and the friction plate is detected, and at the same time, the positive pressure exerted by the loading device can be detected by the positive pressure sensor.

(6) In the testing machine of the present invention, since the friction plate is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, and is installed in the lubricating oil groove through the second locking bolt pierced through the central through hole, the friction and wear test is completed after a single friction and wear test. After that, the friction plate can be rotated around the axis of its central through hole and then fixed, and the surface part of the friction plate that does not participate in the friction can be used as the friction pair contact surface of the next test, so that the friction plate can be reused many times by rotating. Greatly improve the utilization rate of test materials and reduce unnecessary waste.

(7) Since the rubber gasket is sandwiched between the motor and the base, the vibration of the motor can be isolated by the rubber gasket, thereby weakening the test error caused by the vibration of the motor itself during operation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of friction and wear testing machine of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the friction and wear testing machine in FIG. 1 .

Among them, 1-base, 2-main support plate, 3-auxiliary support plate, 4-motor, 5-transmission belt, 6-spindle, 7-turret, 8-adjustable outer rail, 9-loading outer frame, 10 - Loading base plate, 11- load platform, 12- guide sub-frame, 13- fulcrum frame, 14- lever, 15- guide seat, 16- weight, 17- guide rope, 18- lubricating oil groove, 19- friction ring , 20-sensor support, 21-friction sensor, 22-positive pressure sensor, 23-first locking bolt, 24-second locking bolt, 25-friction plate, 26-upper rail, 27-loading rope , 28-shaft sleeve, 29-guide groove, 30-fixed pulley, 31-articulated seat, 32-rotating shaft, 33-hoisting seat, 34-roller, 35-first laser, 36-second laser, 37-first Three lasers, 38-first vertical bar, 39-second vertical bar, 40-cross bar, 41-transparent hole

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a line contact friction and wear testing machine with a calibration function. As shown in the structures of FIGS. 1 and 2 , the testing machine includes a base 1, a main shaft 6, a driving device, a line contact friction pair, and a loading device , lubricating oil groove 18, detection device, control device and laser calibration device; the base 1 is the basis of the line contact friction and wear testing machine; for the convenience of description, in the embodiment of the present invention, the pages in the accompanying drawing 1 of the description are from left to right The horizontal direction is defined as the horizontal direction, the horizontal direction is the axial direction of the main shaft, the vertical direction is defined as the direction from top to bottom of the page in the accompanying drawing 1 of the specification, and the vertical direction is defined as the direction perpendicular to the page in the accompanying drawing 1 of the specification, and the vertical direction is the vertical direction. the extension direction of the axis;

The main shaft 6 is supported on the top of the base 1 along the horizontal direction, the main shaft 6 has an axial line extending laterally in the horizontal direction, and is supported on the top of the base 1 rotatably around the axial line;

The driving device is fixedly installed on the base 1, and is used to drive the rotation of the main shaft 6 to provide power for the rotation of the main shaft 6; the driving device can control and adjust the rotational speed of the main shaft 6 to control the rotational speed of the friction ring 19 that rotates with the main shaft 6;

The line contact friction pair includes a friction ring 19 concentrically installed on the end of the main shaft 6 and a friction plate 25 whose surface forms constant line contact friction with the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 19; The end of the main shaft 6; the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 19 and the surface of the friction plate 25 form constant linear contact friction; the end face of the main shaft 6 is provided with threaded holes; the friction ring 19 is installed on the main shaft 6 through the first locking bolt 23; The end face of the friction ring 19 is arranged in parallel with the end face of the main shaft 6;

The loading device is installed on the base 1 and the main shaft 6, and is used to push the friction plate 25 toward the friction ring 19 to adjust the positive pressure between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19;

The lubricating oil groove 18 is installed on the loading device, and the top is provided with an opening, which can swing around the axis line and the longitudinal axis of the main shaft 6, and is used for accommodating lubricating oil to lubricate the friction parts of the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19; the main shaft 6 The axis of the main shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis intersect vertically in the horizontal plane, that is, the axis of the main shaft 6 and the longitudinal axis are in the same horizontal plane, and the axis of the main shaft 6 intersects perpendicularly with the longitudinal axis; the friction plate 25 is detachable Installed on the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove 18; the friction plate 25 is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, and the upper surface of the bottom plate of the lubricating oil groove 18 can be provided with a threaded hole (not shown in the figure), and the friction plate 25 can be provided with a threaded hole (not shown in the figure), and the friction plate 25 can pass through the central through hole. The second locking bolts 24 are threadedly connected to the threaded holes on the upper surface of the base plate and are installed in the lubricating oil groove 18; the friction plate 25 can be reused by rotating; during the friction and wear test, the lubricating oil groove 18 can accommodate lubricating oil inside;

The detection device is used to detect the positive pressure and friction force between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19;

The control device is signally connected with the driving device and the detection device, and is used for acquiring the detection signal of the detection device;

The laser calibration device, the bottom end is mounted on the base 1 and is located outside the loading device, and is used for calibrating the initial position of the loading device by laser.

The above-mentioned line contact friction and wear tester supports a main shaft 6 and a driving device for driving the main shaft 6 to rotate on the base 1, and the line contact friction pair includes a friction ring 19 installed at the end of the main shaft 6 and a friction plate installed in the lubricating oil groove 18. 25. The main shaft 6 drives the friction ring 19 to rotate, so that the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 are in line contact friction; the loading device is used to adjust the positive pressure between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19, and the friction ring 19 can be realized by the loading device. The friction test with the friction plate 25 under different pressure conditions; the lubricating oil groove 18 can ensure the continuous and stable lubrication environment of the line contact friction pair. The swing of the lubricating oil groove 18 can keep the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19 in constant linear contact friction state, and the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 can always have better lubrication conditions through the lubricating oil groove 18; the detection device is used to detect friction The positive pressure and friction between the plate 25 and the friction ring 19; the laser calibration device is used to calibrate the initial position of the loading device by laser, so that the positive pressure exerted by the loading device just passes through the geometric center of the friction ring 19, so that the friction The loading is accurate during the wear test; therefore, the above-mentioned line contact friction and wear testing machine can release the degree of freedom to ensure the constant line contact of the line contact friction pair when conducting the friction and wear test, so as to avoid the outer surface of the existing friction ring 19 When there is an angle between the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25, a point contact is formed between the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 due to the existence of a gap, and a stable line contact condition cannot be achieved; when the loading device has a swinging degree of freedom, the loading of the friction plate 25 The force and the reaction force of the friction ring 19 will form a restoring moment, so that the loading device swings in the direction of reducing the angle, and the friction plate 25 will be close to the friction ring 19 until the friction pair reaches a stable line contact, thereby improving the accuracy of the friction and wear test results. sex.

The friction plate 25 of the above-mentioned testing machine is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, and is installed in the lubricating oil groove 18 through the second locking bolt 24 passing through the central through hole. Therefore, after a single friction and wear test is completed, it can be The friction plate 25 is rotated around the axis of its central through hole and then fixed, and the surface part of the friction plate 25 that does not participate in the friction is used as the friction pair contact surface of the next test, so that the friction plate 25 can be reused many times by rotating, It can greatly improve the utilization rate of test materials and reduce unnecessary waste.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in the structures of FIGS. 1 and 2 , the laser alignment device includes three lasers and a laser fixing frame; the laser fixing frame is a door-type bracket, including two vertical rods symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main shaft. And the cross bar 40 fixedly connected to the top of the two vertical bars; the center line of the cross bar 40 is arranged in parallel with the longitudinal axis; wherein, the three lasers can be the first laser 35, the second laser 36 and the third laser 37, two The vertical rods can be the first vertical rods 38 and the second vertical rods 39 which are symmetrically arranged with the axis line of the main shaft 6 as the axis of symmetry. The first vertical rods 38 and the second vertical rods 39 both extend in the vertical direction, and the two vertical rods The bottom end of the rod can be adjusted to be installed on the top surface of the base 1 along the axial position of the main shaft 6; a laser is installed on both the vertical rod and the horizontal rod 40; the laser installed on the horizontal rod 40 is used for emitting direction. The geometric center of the friction ring and the vertical laser beam propagating in the vertical direction; the laser installed on the vertical rod is used to emit a horizontal laser beam toward the geometric center of the friction ring 19 and propagating in the horizontal direction; at the first vertical rod The first laser 35 is installed in the middle of 38, the second laser 36 is installed in the middle of the second vertical bar 38, and the third laser 37 is installed in the middle of the cross bar 40; the first laser 35 and the second laser 36 are arranged oppositely, The third laser 37 is used for downwardly emitting laser beams propagating in the vertical direction; the loading device is provided with light-transmitting holes for passing through the vertical laser beams and the horizontal laser beams. When the friction ring 19 is not installed on the main shaft 6, the three laser beams emitted by the first laser 35, the second laser 36 and the third laser 37 converge on the geometric center of the friction ring. When the friction ring 19 is installed on the main shaft 6, the The laser light emitted by the first laser 35 , the second laser 36 and the third laser 37 will all be blocked by the friction ring 19 , so that the laser light emitted by the first laser 35 , the second laser 36 and the third laser 37 is irradiated on the geometrical surface of the friction ring 19 . on the peripheral surface corresponding to the center. The geometric center of the friction ring 19 is the point where the axial center and the radial center of the friction ring 19 meet.

The above-mentioned testing machine emits laser light to the geometric center of the friction ring 19 through the three lasers of the laser calibration device, so that the laser beams emitted by the lasers located on the top and both sides of the loading device converge on the geometric center of the friction ring 19. The light-transmitting hole 41 that transmits the laser beam, so that the initial position of the loading device can be calibrated through the light-transmitting hole 41, so as to avoid the phenomenon that the loading device deviates from the installation position, so that the loading device can be loaded accurately and the friction can be reduced under the action of the restoring torque. The angle between the ring 19 and the friction plate 25 swings to ensure constant line contact, which further improves the accuracy of the friction and wear test.

In the above-mentioned testing machine, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the driving device includes a motor 4, a transmission belt 5, a shaft sleeve 28, a support plate and a turret 7;

The motor 4 is fixedly installed on the base 1, and is connected with the main shaft 6 through the transmission belt 5 to drive the main shaft 6 to rotate; There is a rubber gasket (not shown in the figure); the base 1 is provided with a gap (not shown in the figure) for the transmission belt 5 to pass through;

The shaft sleeve 28 is fixedly installed on the base 1 through the support plate; as shown in the structure of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the support plate may include the main support plate 2 and the auxiliary support plate 3 arranged in the vertical direction; the main support plate 2 and the auxiliary support plate The plate 3 forms a relatively rigid frame structure, which provides effective support for the main shaft 6; the main shaft 6 is installed in the shaft sleeve 28 through bearings, and the axis line of the main shaft 6 is arranged in parallel with the axis line of the motor 4; the turret 7 can be wound around the main shaft. The axis line of 6 is oscillatingly installed on the end of the sleeve 28 close to the friction ring 19 to support the loading device and make the loading device have rotational freedom around the axis line of the main shaft 6; the turret 7 is a hollow block structure , and has at least four sides evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the turret 7 is provided with a bearing through hole, a bearing is installed in the bearing through hole, and the bearing is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the shaft sleeve 28, and the turret 7 is realized through the bearing. Relative to the rotation of the bushing 28; the rotation axis of the turret 7 coincides with the axis line of the main shaft 6; the control device is signally connected to the motor 4 for controlling the motor 4 and obtaining the working state information of the motor 4.

Since the shaft sleeve 28 of the driving device is fixedly installed on the base 1 through the support plate, the main shaft 6 is installed in the shaft sleeve 28 through the bearing, and the rotation installation of the main shaft 6 is realized through the shaft sleeve 28 and the support plate; since the turret 7 is a hollow block It is swingably mounted on one end of the shaft sleeve 28 to support the loading device and enables the loading device to have a swinging degree of freedom around the axis of the main shaft 6, so that the loading device can swing with the friction plate 25, thereby avoiding friction The deformation of the sensitive element of the force sensor causes the friction plate 25 to swing around the axis of the main shaft 6, causing the loading force to be non-perpendicular to the contact surface, overcoming the principle defect that the friction force sensor 21 will affect the contact state of the friction pair in the process of measuring the friction force, ensuring the friction force During the measurement process, the positive pressure is always perpendicular to the contact surface, which improves the accuracy and repeatability of the test results.

Since a rubber gasket is sandwiched between the motor 4 and the base 1, the vibration of the motor 4 can be isolated by the rubber gasket, thereby weakening the test error caused by the vibration of the motor 4 itself during operation.

Further, as shown in the structure of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the loading device includes two adjustable outer rails 8, a loading outer frame 9, a loading bottom plate 10, a loading platform 11, a guiding force component frame 12, an upper sliding rail 26, The fulcrum frame 13, the lever 14, the guide seat 15, the weight 16, the guide rope 17 and the loading rope 27;

The two adjustable outer rails 8 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the turret 7 and can slide along the axial direction of the main shaft 6. The central axis of the adjustable outer rail 8 is parallel to the central axis of the main shaft 6 and has the same height; 1 and the structure shown in FIG. 2, a fixed slider is fixedly installed on the surface of the turret 7 corresponding to the adjustable outer rail 8, and the adjustable outer rail 8 is slidingly matched with the fixed slider to realize the relative rotation of the adjustable outer rail 8. The sliding adjustment of the frame 7; the fixed slider and the turret 7 can be a separate structure or an integral structure; the axial position adjustment of the loading outer frame 9 along the main shaft 6 can be realized through the adjustable outer rail 8;

Between the two adjustable outer rails 8 is installed a loading outer frame 9 that can swing around the longitudinal axis and the axis line of the main shaft 6; at the end of the adjustable outer rail 8 facing the lubricating oil groove 18, the adjustable outer rail 8 can be moved away from One end of the turret 7 is provided with a mounting hole, and the axis of the mounting hole coincides with the longitudinal axis; the loading outer frame 9 is provided with a rotating shaft corresponding to the position of the mounting hole, and the loading outer frame 9 is installed through the rotation of the rotating shaft and the mounting hole. between two symmetrically arranged adjustable outer rails 8; a bearing can also be installed between the rotating shaft and the mounting hole; through the rotational cooperation between the adjustable outer rail 8 and the loading outer frame 9, the loading device can be released in the longitudinal direction The freedom of oscillation of the axis;

The inner four corners of the loading outer frame 9 are provided with sliding guide rails extending in the vertical direction and parallel to each other; the loading outer frame 9 is a frame structure, and four vertical sliding guide rails are arranged inside the frame structure for the loading base plate 10 Guide the movement direction of the carrier platform 11;

Along the vertical direction, the loading platform 11 is arranged at intervals on the top of the loading bottom plate 10; The fixed pulley with which the rope 27 rolls;

The detection device includes a positive pressure sensor 22 fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate 10; the positive pressure sensor 22 is installed between the loading base plate 10 and the loading platform 11 for detecting the positive pressure applied by the loading base plate 10 to the loading platform 11, To measure the positive pressure between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19;

The lubricating oil groove 18 is fixedly installed on the top of the loading platform 11;

The loading device drives the friction plate 25 to apply positive pressure to the friction ring 19 by loading the bottom plate 10;

The fulcrum frame 13 is fixedly installed on the top of the turret 7, and the upper slide rail 26 is crimped to the top of the turret 7; the fulcrum frame 13 can be an H-shaped structure;

The top center of the guide sub-frame 12 is fixedly installed on the end of the upper slide rail 26, which is an inverted U-shaped structure. The two sides are provided with a guide groove 29 for guiding the loading rope 27 and a fixed pulley 30, which is used for the loading rope. 27 to guide;

The central axis of the lever 14 and the central axis of the main shaft 6 are located in the same vertical plane, and the central axis of the upper slide rail 26 and the central axis of the lever 14 are arranged in parallel; It is swingably installed on the top of the fulcrum frame 13, one end is hinged with a hoisting seat 33 through the rotating shaft 32, and the other end is connected with a guide rope 17; the swing axis of the lever 14 is parallel to the longitudinal axis; The line swings, and the axis line of the rotating shaft 32 is parallel to the longitudinal axis and is located in the same vertical plane; The axes are parallel and lie in the same vertical plane;

The two loading ropes 27 are parallel and both are closed-loop structures. The tops of the two loading ropes 27 are suspended from the rollers 34, and the bottoms are sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the loading bottom plate 10. 30, and the fixed pulleys 30 on both sides of the loading bottom plate 10 for guidance; during the loading process, the two loading ropes 27 are in a taut state, which can transmit the loading force generated by the lever 14 to the loading bottom plate 10; The loading ropes 27 can make the laser beam emitted by the third laser 37 pass through the middle of the two loading ropes 27, so as to avoid the blocking of the laser beams by the loading ropes 27;

The bottom end of the guide rope 17 goes around the guide seat 15 and is connected with a weight 16 for loading;

The guide seat 15 is fixedly installed on the base 1 and is located at the bottom of the other end of the lever 14, and is provided with two fixed pulleys that rotate around the horizontal axis. The central axes of the two fixed pulleys inside the guide seat 15 are arranged in parallel, and can be arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis, so that the guide rope 17 bypasses the part between the two fixed pulleys in the guide seat 15 and is parallel to the axis line of the main shaft 6; The loading force generated by the gravity of the weight 16 is transmitted to the lever 14 through the guide rope 17;

The vertical rod is located on the outer side of the adjustable outer rail 8, and the horizontal rod 40 is located on the top side of the lever 14; as shown in the structure of FIG. A vertical rod is provided on the outside of the rail 8, and the vertical rods are a first vertical rod 38 and a second vertical rod 39 respectively; a cross rod 40 is provided on the top of the lever 14;

The hoisting base 33 , the rotating shaft 32 , the roller 34 , the upper slide rail 26 , and the guide sub-frame 12 are all provided with light-transmitting holes 41 penetrating in the vertical direction for transmitting the vertical laser light emitted by the third laser 35 bundle;

The adjustable outer rail 8 , the loading outer frame 9 and the shaft for rotatably connecting the adjustable outer rail 8 and the loading outer frame 9 are provided with light-transmitting holes 41 penetrating along the longitudinal axis for transmitting the first laser 35 and The horizontal laser beam emitted by the second laser 36 .

The above-mentioned testing machine is provided with light-transmitting holes 41 on the parts corresponding to the optical path of the laser, and the rotating shaft and roller used in the loading device can be cylindrical pins with through-holes in the middle, so as to form the light-transmitting holes 41; when calibrating When the laser is activated, the position of the loading device is adjusted so that the laser light generated by the first laser 35 and the second laser 36 passes through the adjustable sliding rail 8, the loading outer frame 9, and is installed between the adjustable sliding rail 8 and the loading outer frame 9. The light-transmitting hole 41 of the rotating shaft between the two parts makes the laser irradiate on the circumferential surface of the friction ring 19 to form a light spot, and to ensure that the light spot is in the middle of the circumferential surface, it can ensure that the rotating shaft of the loading device passes through the axial center of the friction ring 19 and the radial center; adjust the position of the lever 14 so that the laser light generated by the third laser 37 passes through the hoisting seat 33, the rotating shaft 32, the roller 34, the upper slide rail 26, and the light-transmitting hole 41 of the guiding component rod 12, so that the laser The circumferential surface of the friction ring forms a light spot, and ensuring that the light spot is in the middle of the circumferential surface of the friction ring can ensure the accurate loading of the loading force. The above structure ensures that the loading device can swing synchronously with the turret 7 around the axis of the main shaft 6, and the position of the loading device is calibrated by the laser beam emitted by the laser before the test, and can also be loaded with the outer frame 9 during the loading process. Synchronous swing around the longitudinal axis makes the line contact friction pair move synchronously with the loading device, so that the force exerted by the loading device just passes through the frictional contact position of the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25, which further improves the accuracy of the test results.

Specifically, the detection device further includes a sensor support 20 and a friction sensor 21 ; the sensor support 20 is fixedly mounted on the base 1 ; the sensor support 20 may be an L-shaped structure, and a small hole for installing the friction sensor 21 is opened at the top of the sensor support 20 , the friction force sensor 21 is fixedly installed on the top of the sensor support 20, and is connected with the turret 7 to detect the friction force transmitted by the turret 7; the friction force sensor 21 can be connected with the turret 7 through a T-shaped plate , when the turret 7 is subjected to the friction force transmitted by the friction plate 25, the friction force sensor 21 will generate a corresponding deformation signal due to the tension force; the positive pressure sensor 22 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate 10 to detect the loading The positive pressure applied by the bottom plate 10 to the loading platform 11; when the loading bottom plate 10 is subjected to a loading force, the loading bottom plate 10 will slide up under the action of the loading force, so that the positive pressure sensor 22 contacts the loading platform 11; when the loading process is completed , the positive pressure sensor 22 is correspondingly squeezed and deformed by the loading force, and a deformation signal is generated;

Since the detection device includes a friction force sensor 21 and a positive pressure sensor 22, the friction force sensor 21 is fixedly installed between the sensor support 20 and the turret 7, and the positive pressure sensor 22 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate 10. Therefore, through the friction force The sensor 21 can detect the friction force between the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 , and at the same time, the positive pressure applied by the loading device can be detected by the positive pressure sensor 22 .

On the basis of the above-mentioned various embodiments, the above-mentioned testing machine also includes a display device signally connected to the control device and a rotational speed sensor installed on the motor 4; the display device and the control device may be an integral structure; The device is used to display the working state information of the motor 4 and the values collected by the friction sensor 21 and the positive pressure sensor 22 . The rotational speed sensor is signally connected to the control device for detecting the rotational speed of the motor 4 .

It is convenient to display various working parameters and collected parameters of the testing machine through the display device; the rotation speed of the motor 4 can be easily detected through the rotation speed sensor, and the relative relationship between the friction plate 25 and the friction ring 19 can be monitored and adjusted through the rotation speed sensor and the control device. speed.

During the test process using the above-mentioned testing machine, the loading force is transmitted to the loading base plate 10 through the loading rope 27 , and the loading base plate 10 moves upward along the sliding guide rail due to the limitation of the sliding guide rail of the loading outer frame 9 , and the positive pressure sensor 22 follows the loading base plate 10 . move, thereby pushing the loading platform 11 to move upward. The lubricating oil groove 18 is fixed on the loading platform 11 and moves upward with the loading platform 11 . Since the friction plate 25 is located at the inner bottom of the lubricating oil groove 18, the friction plate 25 moves upward with the lubricating oil groove 18, and after the end surface of the friction plate 25 is tangent to the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 19 and is completely fitted, the loading bottom plate 10 can no longer move upward, and the friction The pair is subjected to the corresponding loading force, the friction pair is in line contact state, and the loading process is completed. When the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 19 is not tangent to the end surface of the friction plate 25 due to external factors, the friction pair is out of the line contact state, a certain angle appears on the corresponding abutting surface, and a rotational moment is formed between the two planes; The friction ring 19 is a fixed structure, and the rotational moment finally acts on the loading device, so that the loading outer frame oscillates around its rotational axis in the direction of reducing the included angle of the contact surface, and the end face of the friction plate 25 swings accordingly with the loading outer frame; When the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 19 is tangent to the end surface of the friction plate 25 again, the rotational torque acting between the two planes disappears, and the friction pair resumes the line contact state. When the motor 4 is running, the friction ring 19 rotates with the main shaft 6, and the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring 19 and the end surface of the friction plate 25 are always tangent under the action of the above-mentioned restoring torque, so that the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 are always in contact with each other. in a stable line contact state.

Using the above-mentioned testing machine can realize the constant linear contact friction between the friction ring 19 and the friction plate 25 . On this basis, the rotational speed of the friction ring 19 is controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the motor 4, and the magnitude of the positive pressure is controlled by controlling the mass of the weight 16 of the loading device, thereby realizing line contact friction under different rotational speed and positive pressure conditions. The detection of the friction and wear of the pair improves the accuracy of the test results.

To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a line contact friction and wear testing machine with calibration function, is characterized in that, comprises: pedestal; The main shaft is supported on the top of the base along the horizontal direction; a driving device, fixedly mounted on the base, for driving the main shaft to rotate; A linear contact friction pair, comprising a friction ring concentrically installed at the end of the main shaft and a friction plate whose surface forms constant linear contact friction with the outer peripheral surface of the friction ring; a loading device, mounted on the base and the main shaft, for pushing the friction plate toward the friction ring to adjust the positive pressure between the friction plate and the friction ring; The lubricating oil groove is installed on the loading device, and the top is provided with an opening, which can swing around the axis line and the longitudinal axis of the main shaft for accommodating the lubricating oil; the axis line of the main shaft and the longitudinal axis are in the horizontal plane The inner vertical intersects; the friction plate is detachably installed on the inner bottom surface of the lubricating oil groove; a detection device for detecting the positive pressure and frictional force between the friction plate and the friction ring; a control device, signally connected with the driving device and the detection device, and used for acquiring the detection signal of the detection device; A laser calibration device, the bottom end of which is mounted on the base and located outside the loading device, used for calibrating the initial position of the loading device by laser. 2. The testing machine of claim 1, wherein the laser alignment device comprises three lasers and a laser holder; The laser fixing frame is a door-type bracket, including two vertical rods symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main shaft and a cross rod fixedly connected to the top ends of the two vertical rods; the center line of the horizontal rod and the longitudinal axis parallel setting; Both the bottom ends of the two vertical rods can be mounted on the top surface of the base in an adjustable manner along the axial position of the main shaft; One of the lasers is installed on both the vertical rod and the horizontal rod; The laser mounted on the horizontal bar is used to emit a vertical laser beam that is directed towards the geometric center of the friction ring and propagates in the vertical direction; the laser mounted on the vertical bar is used to emit the geometrical center of the friction ring. a horizontal laser beam in the center and propagating in the horizontal direction; The loading device is provided with light-transmitting holes for passing through the vertical laser beam and the horizontal laser beam. 3. The testing machine according to claim 2, wherein the driving device comprises a motor, a transmission belt, a shaft sleeve, a support plate and a turret; The motor is fixedly installed on the base, and is connected with the main shaft through the transmission belt; The shaft sleeve is fixedly mounted on the base through the support plate; The main shaft is installed in the shaft sleeve through a bearing, and the axis line of the main shaft is arranged in parallel with the axis line of the motor; The turret is mounted on the end of the bushing close to the friction ring so as to be able to swing around the axis of the main shaft, so as to support the loading device; At least four sides evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; The control device is signal-connected with the motor, and is used for controlling the motor and acquiring working state information of the motor. 4. The testing machine according to claim 3, wherein the loading device comprises two adjustable outer rails, a loading outer frame, a loading base plate, a loading platform, a guiding force component frame, an upper slide rail, and a fulcrum frame , levers, guide seats, weights, guide ropes and loading ropes; The two adjustable outer rails are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the turret and can slide along the axial direction of the main shaft. The central axis of the adjustable outer rail is parallel to the axis of the main shaft and has a the same height; The loading outer frame capable of swinging around the longitudinal axis and the axis of the main shaft is installed between the two adjustable outer rails; The inner four corners of the outer loading frame are provided with sliding guide rails extending along the vertical direction; along the vertical direction, the loading platform is arranged at intervals on the top of the loading bottom plate; the outer peripheral surfaces of the loading platform and the loading bottom plate are both slidably matched with the inner side surface of the sliding guide rail; The detection device includes a positive pressure sensor fixedly installed on the top surface of the loading base plate, and the positive pressure sensor is used to detect the positive pressure applied by the loading base plate to the loading platform; the lubricating oil groove is fixedly installed on the top of the loading platform; The loading device drives the friction plate to apply positive pressure to the friction ring through the loading bottom plate; The fulcrum frame is fixedly installed on the top of the turret, and the upper slide rail is crimped on the top of the turret; The center of the top of the guide sub-frame is fixedly installed on the end of the upper slide rail, which is an inverted U-shaped structure, and both sides are provided with guide grooves and fixed pulleys for guiding the loading rope; The central axis of the lever and the axis of the main shaft are located in the same vertical plane, and the central axis of the upper slide rail and the central axis of the lever are arranged in parallel; the lever is arranged in parallel with the main shaft , the middle part is swingably installed on the top of the fulcrum frame through a hinge seat, one end is hinged with a hoisting seat through a rotating shaft, and the other end is connected with the guide rope; the swing axis of the lever is parallel to the longitudinal axis; the hoisting seat The top end of the hoisting seat can swing around the axis line of the rotating shaft, and the axis line of the rotating shaft is parallel to the longitudinal axis and located in the same vertical plane; The line is parallel to the axis of the main shaft and lies in the same vertical plane; The two loading ropes are parallel and are closed-loop structures, the top is suspended from the roller, the bottom is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the loading bottom plate, and the middle part passes through the guide groove of the guide sub-frame, the fixed pulley, and the The fixed pulleys on both sides of the loading base plate guide; The bottom end of the guide rope is connected with the weight after bypassing the guide seat; The guide seat is fixedly installed on the base and is located at the bottom of the lever, and is provided with two fixed pulleys that rotate around the horizontal axis. extend; the vertical rod is located on the outer side of the adjustable outer rail, and the cross rod is located on the top side of the lever; The hoisting base, the rotating shaft, the roller, the upper slide rail, and the guide sub-frame are all provided with light-transmitting holes penetrating in the vertical direction for transmitting the vertical laser light bundle; Both the adjustable outer rail and the loading outer frame are provided with light-transmitting holes penetrating along the longitudinal axis for transmitting the horizontal laser beam. 5. The testing machine according to claim 4, wherein the detection device further comprises a sensor support and a friction force sensor; the sensor support is fixedly mounted on the base; The friction force sensor is fixedly mounted on the top of the sensor support and connected to the turret for detecting the friction force transmitted by the turret. 6. The testing machine of claim 5, further comprising a display device signally connected to the control device and a rotational speed sensor installed on the motor; According to the signal acquired by the control device, the display device is configured to display the working state information of the motor, and the values collected by the friction sensor and the positive pressure sensor; The rotational speed sensor is signally connected to the control device for detecting the rotational speed of the motor. 7. The testing machine according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the end face of the main shaft is provided with a threaded hole; the friction ring is mounted on the main shaft through a first locking bolt; The friction plate is an annular plate provided with a central through hole, and is mounted on the lubricating oil groove through a second locking bolt passing through the central through hole; The friction plate can be reused by rotating. 8. The testing machine according to any one of claims 3-6, wherein the motor is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base, and a rubber is sandwiched between the motor and the base gasket; The base is provided with a notch for the drive belt to pass through.

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