CN115074346B - 一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法及其应用,采取没食子酸溶解于NaOH溶液中,加入HCl溶液调pH,加入适量杀菌去离子水后再加入碳二亚胺,完全溶解后室温静置后,加入溶菌酶并恒温水浴搅拌反应一段时间后得到反应混合物,将混合液离心20min,除去不溶部分,可溶部分在进行透析、浓缩、冷冻干燥后,得到修饰改性的溶菌酶。改性后大幅度提高了对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌能力,有效扩宽了溶菌酶的抑菌谱,并且可应用于保鲜水果,具有减缓水果的腐坏速度的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及贮藏保鲜技术领域,具体涉及一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法及其应用。
背景技术
溶菌酶是一种葡萄糖苷酶,又称胞壁质酶、N-乙酰胞壁质聚糖水解酶,纯品为白色结晶体或无定型粉末,无味,其化学性质比较稳定,可以选择性地水解细菌细胞壁上肽聚糖上的β-1,4糖苷键,从而导致细胞的溶解和死亡。根据其来源的不同可将其分为三大类:动物溶菌酶、植物溶菌酶、微生物溶菌酶。溶菌酶是一种强碱性蛋白质,其分子形状近椭圆形,由18种129个氨基酸残基组成,分子量大约为14.3KD,易溶于水而不溶于丙酮、乙醚等有机溶剂,其等电点(PI)约为11,最适pH值为6.5,在酸性条件下该酶能够保持稳定且具有较高的热稳定性,而在碱性条件下非常不稳定且容易丧失酶活。溶菌酶作为一种天然抗菌蛋白,因其具有抗菌性强、安全无毒、水溶性好等优势,已被很多国家和组织批准为食品防腐剂或保鲜剂使用。但溶菌酶并非广谱的抗菌剂,其抗菌效果只局限于革兰氏阳性菌,而对革兰氏阴性菌则无明显效果,导致其在各行业中的应用受到了极大的限制。溶菌酶的化学修饰是利用有机酸、多糖、还原剂以及其他分子化合物对溶菌酶分子表面进行修饰改性。
如公开号为CN103555704A的申请文件,提供了一种通过咖啡酸修饰的溶菌酶提高溶菌酶抑制革兰氏阴性菌能力的方法。
公开号为CN106011111A的申请文件,提供了一种利用中长脂肪链无酰基槐糖脂衍生物共价修饰的溶菌酶及其修饰方法和应用。
公开号为CN112159802A的申请文件,提供了一种利用肉桂醛偶联修饰的溶菌酶及其修饰方法。
上述申请文件虽在一定程度上可抑制革兰氏阴性菌,但其抗菌性能仍需突破。由杨曼利等人公开的《化学法改性溶菌酶抑菌性及其结构研究》(食品与发酵工业,2014,40(06):22-26.)中采用了三种酸(肉桂酸、咖啡酸和对香豆酸)对鸡蛋清溶菌酶进行改性,改性后的溶菌酶增强了对革兰氏阴性菌的抑制作用,但对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制效果却有所下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供了一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法及其应用,采用没食子酸修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶,大幅度提高了对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌能力,有效扩宽了溶菌酶的抑菌谱。
为实现上述目的,本发明所设计一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:按重量比1:1-1.5:1.5-2.5称取蛋清溶菌酶、没食子酸和碳二亚胺,备用;
步骤2:取没食子酸溶解于NaOH溶液中,调pH值至7-8,再加入碳二亚胺,碳二亚胺完全溶解后室温静置,得到处理后的没食子酸溶液;
步骤3:将蛋清溶菌酶加入处理后的没食子酸溶液中,恒温水浴搅拌反应,得到反应混合物;
步骤4:将步骤2得到的混合液,离心除去不溶部分,可溶部分经过透析和真空冷冻干燥后,得到修饰改性的蛋清溶菌酶。
优选的,所述蛋清溶菌酶、没食子酸和碳二亚胺重量比为1:1.25:2.3。
优选的,所述步骤2中,调节pH值等于7。
优选的,所述步骤3中,恒温水浴的温度为30℃,搅拌时间为24h。
优选的,所述步骤4中,透析温度为4℃,透析时间为1d。
本发明还提供了一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶,由上述的修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法制得,用于抑制革兰氏菌,尤其是革兰氏阴性菌。该修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶亦可作为草莓的保鲜剂
本发明的工作原理:改性溶菌酶由没食子酸和溶菌酶通过缩合反应制得,没食子酸中的羧基与溶菌酶自由氨基在EDAC(碳二亚胺)的作用下形成酰胺键。G+的细胞壁是由镶嵌有磷酸和磷脂酸的40层肽聚糖链构成的,因此,溶菌酶可以通过破坏革兰氏阳性菌的N-乙酰胞壁酸和N-乙酰葡萄糖胺之间的β-1,4糖苷键,把细胞壁上的不溶性粘多糖分解成为可溶性糖肽,降低细胞壁的稳定性,破坏胞壁内外渗透压的平衡,使其内容物泄露,从而导致细菌溶解死亡;而革兰氏阴性菌的细胞壁上仅有一层肽聚糖,外层被厚厚的脂多糖层物质所包裹,溶菌酶裂解肽聚糖时会受到一定的阻碍,因此G-很难被分解破坏。改性后的溶菌酶表面疏水性大大增加,与细菌细胞外膜结合的紧密性增强,导致细菌外膜渗透性也随之增加,导致细胞紊乱死亡,抗革兰氏阴性菌性能提高。
本发明的有益效果:本发明利用没食子酸对蛋清溶菌酶进行了有效的化学修饰,溶菌酶经没食子酸修饰后的溶菌酶活力损失较小,表面疏水性大大增加,抑菌性能明显增强,大幅度提高了溶菌酶对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌能力,有效扩宽了溶菌酶的抑菌谱;其修饰方法简便灵活,是一种具有实用价值的化学技术。
附图说明
图1为修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法及其修饰方法的流程示意图;
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述,以便本领域技术人员理解。
实施例1
修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法
称取75mg没食子酸溶解于3mL 5mol/L的NaOH溶液中,再加入5mol/L的HCl调节pH=7.0,加入杀菌去离子水至8mL,再加入140mg EDAC,待EDAC完全溶解后室温静置1h;再加入60mg蛋清溶菌酶,保持30℃恒温水浴搅拌24h,反应结束后将其在6000r/min下离心20min)除去不溶部分,可溶部分上SephadexG-25柱,收集具有酶活性的洗脱峰,4℃下透析1d,浓缩、冷冻干燥,得到修饰改性的蛋清溶菌酶。将上述得到的改性溶菌酶进行抑菌试验:
1、用接种环分别挑取少量的各个菌种(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌),分别接种到含有已经灭菌的液体培养基,37℃恒温摇床培养24h。将所得的菌液按照10倍稀释法进行稀释,分别取不同稀释度(10-6、10-7、10-8)的菌液接种到平板培养基上,37℃培养24h,计菌落数,然后用灭菌去离子水稀释原菌悬液至106~107CFU/mL。
2、分别无菌吸取上述0.2mL的菌悬液于固体培养基表面,用无菌涂布棒涂布均匀,然后将无菌牛津杯放置于含菌的培养基表面,向其中分别加入0.2mL浓度为20mg/mL改性溶菌酶将培养基缓慢移入恒温培养箱中37℃培养24h,观察菌落生长情况,量取抑菌圈直径(mm)。
对比例1
蛋清溶菌酶进行抑菌试验:
1、用接种环分别挑取少量的各个菌种(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌),分别接种到含有已经灭菌的液体培养基,37℃恒温摇床培养24h。将所得的菌液按照10倍稀释法进行稀释,分别取不同稀释度(10-6、10-7、10-8)的菌液接种到平板培养基上,37℃培养24h,计菌落数,然后用灭菌去离子水稀释原菌悬液至106~107CFU/mL。
2、分别无菌吸取上述0.2mL的菌悬液于固体培养基表面,用无菌涂布棒涂布均匀,然后将无菌牛津杯放置于含菌的培养基表面,向其中分别加入0.2mL浓度为20mg/mL蛋清溶菌酶将培养基缓慢移入恒温培养箱中37℃培养24h,观察菌落生长情况,量取抑菌圈直径(mm)。
实施例1与对比例1的抑菌试验结果整理如表1所示,本实施例1制备的食子酸改性溶菌酶对四种菌的抑菌圈直径均显著大于对比例1的蛋清溶菌酶,表明经没食子酸修饰后的溶菌酶显著提高了对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌的抑菌效果。此外,本发明的没食子酸改性酶对上述革兰氏阳性菌(葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)和革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌)均有显著抑菌效果也证实其有广谱抗菌活性。值得注意的是,经没食子酸修饰后的溶菌酶对革兰氏阴性菌的抑制作用明显强于革兰氏阳性菌,改善了溶菌酶只对革兰氏阳性菌有抑制作用的局限性,扩宽了溶菌酶的抑菌谱及其应用范围。
表1
菌种 | 蛋清溶菌酶(20mg/mL) | 没食子酸改性酶(20mg/mL) |
金黄色葡萄球菌 | 14.6mm | 15.8mm |
枯草芽孢杆菌 | 14.2mm | 15.3mm |
大肠杆菌 | 11.8mm | 16.7mm |
沙门氏菌 | 11.2mm | 16.2mm |
实施例2
修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法
与实施例1中修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶增强抗菌谱抗菌力的方法、条件的相同。
改性蛋清溶菌酶对草莓保鲜效果试验:
1、草莓处理方法
取白色搪瓷盘,分别编号A0~A3,每个托盘中各摆放30个经清洗干净吹干后的草莓样品,草莓样品采摘自湖北省农科院实验基地大棚栽培草莓园,品种为“晶瑶”,成熟度为8成熟。其中A0为空白组,喷洒蒸馏水,A1组喷洒0.01wt%没食子酸改性蛋清溶菌酶、A2组喷洒0.05wt%没食子酸改性蛋清溶菌酶、A3组喷洒0.1wt%没食子酸改性蛋清溶菌酶。所有处理后的样品用电风扇吹干水分,盖上保鲜膜后将托盘置于冰箱冷藏室(4℃)中贮藏。
2、草莓贮藏期间烂果率的测定
每隔2天在固定的时间,观察每组中草莓腐烂的情况,当草莓表面腐烂面积为10%-20%之间时视为腐烂。烂果率按下式计算:
烂果率(%)=腐烂样品数/原始样品数×100%。
各组草莓随天数变化的烂果率整理如表2所示。
表2
如表2试验结果所示,经过本发明制备的没食子酸改性溶菌酶处理后的晶瑶草莓在整个试验周期内的烂果率显著低于空白对照组,表明本发明的没食子酸改性蛋清溶菌酶作为防腐剂能够显著提高晶瑶草莓的保鲜效果。值得特别注意的是,没食子酸改性蛋清溶菌酶浓度为0.1%时在12天的试验周期内均保持较低的腐烂率,在第12天时的腐烂率仅为空白对照组的一半,产生了难以预期的优异草莓保鲜效果。
3、草莓贮藏期间抗坏血酸含量的测定
参照国标GB 5009.86-2016《食品中抗坏血酸含量的测定》进行测定。
经各试验组处理后的草莓在第2天、第4天、第6天、第8天、第10天、第12天时果实中维生素C含量(mg/100g)整理如表3所示。
表3
编号 | 2天 | 4天 | 6天 | 8天 | 10天 | 12天 |
A0 | 128.3 | 116.7 | 103.5 | 86.2 | 49.6 | 24.6 |
A1 | 130.6 | 119.3 | 109.3 | 92.1 | 61.4 | 30.9 |
A2 | 132.3 | 122.9 | 111.3 | 96.5 | 64.7 | 35.6 |
A3 | 135.5 | 126.0 | 116.2 | 106.3 | 73.5 | 45.2 |
如上表3所示,经过没食子酸改性蛋清溶菌酶处理后的草莓样品在整个试验周期内测定的果实中的VC显著低于空白对照组,表明本实施例中没食子酸改性蛋清溶菌酶作为防腐剂显著延缓了草莓果实中VC含量的下降速度。其中,在没食子酸改性蛋清溶菌酶浓度为0.1%时在12天的试验周期内均保持较高的果实VC含量,第12天时测定的果实VC含量为45.2mg/100g远高于本申请的其他浓度组,产生了难以预期的保持草莓VC含量的效果。
其它未详细说明的部分均为现有技术。尽管上述实施例对本发明做出了详尽的描述,但它仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,人们还可以根据本实施例在不经创造性前提下获得其他实施例,这些实施例都属于本发明保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤1:按重量比1:1-1.5:1.5-2.5称取蛋清溶菌酶、没食子酸和碳二亚胺,备用;
步骤2:取没食子酸溶解于NaOH溶液中,调pH值至7-8,再加入碳二亚胺,碳二亚胺完全溶解后室温静置,得到处理后的没食子酸溶液;
步骤3:将蛋清溶菌酶加入处理后的没食子酸溶液中,恒温水浴搅拌反应,得到反应混合物;
步骤4:将步骤3得到的混合物离心除去不溶部分,可溶部分经过透析和真空冷冻干燥后,得到修饰改性的蛋清溶菌酶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶的方法,其特征在于:所述蛋清溶菌酶、没食子酸和碳二亚胺重量比为1:1.25:2.3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2中,调节pH值等于7。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3中,恒温水浴的温度为30℃,搅拌时间为24h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4中,透析温度为4℃,透析时间为1d。
6.一种修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶,其特征在于:由如权利要求1-5任一所述的修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶的方法制得。
7.一种如权利要求6所述的修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶在制备抑制革兰氏菌的药品中的应用,其特征在于:所述革兰氏菌为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和沙门氏菌。
8.一种如权利要求6所述的修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶在制备抑制革兰氏阴性菌的药品中的应用,其特征在于:所述革兰氏阴性菌为大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌。
9.一种如权利要求6所述的修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶在水果保鲜上的应用,其特征在于:所述水果为草莓。
10.一种草莓保鲜剂,其特征在于:所述草莓保鲜剂包括权利要求6所述的修饰改性蛋清溶菌酶。
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