CN111411056A - 一种副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株、筛选方法及用途 - Google Patents
一种副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株、筛选方法及用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物技术领域,公开了一种副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株、筛选方法及用途,所述副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法包括:将待筛乳杆菌选菌株放入盛有初筛培养基的培养皿中恒温培养,将初筛后得到的乳杆菌接种至新鲜牛奶中发酵培养,获取发酵组合物;进行抑菌活性检测;将通过活性检测的单菌落分别置于初筛培养基和厌氧培养基中继续培养,即可得到具有良好抗菌活性的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX‑6‑1菌株。本发明提供的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法简单可行,操作成本低,能够获得广谱高效的新型抗菌物质,推动其开发和应用,具有广阔的市场。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,尤其涉及一种副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株、筛选方法及用途。
背景技术
目前,在加工、贮藏、运输及消费过程中,导致食品腐败变质的原因较多,有物理因素、化学因素和生物性因素,其中由微生物污染所引起的食品腐败变质是最为重要和普遍的。微生物滋生导致食品腐败变质的同时,也给食品安全带来严重危害。虽然传统的加热杀菌可以有效抑制微生物的污染,但在杀菌的同时也不同程度的破坏了食品的营养、质地以及色香味型,同时产生大量能耗。在现代食品工业中,食品防腐剂被广泛应用于延长食品的保藏期,已成为现代食品生产中一种不可缺少的食品添加剂。而在现代食品工业以及种植、养殖业中,化学防腐剂、杀虫剂及抗生素的不规范使用及残留隐患已越来越引起消费者关注,人们更倾向于消费天然来源的食品资源。
副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei),兼性厌氧、不运动、无芽孢的杆菌或长杆菌,革兰氏阳性,过氧化氢酶阴性。副干酪乳杆菌广泛存在于传统发酵乳制品和人体胃肠道中,具有调节肠道菌群平衡、增强免疫功能、预防疾病等生理功能。而现有副干酪乳杆菌的筛选方法尚未见报道。
因此,针对食品工业中化学防腐剂存在的问题以及对广谱高效天然防腐保鲜剂的需求状况,亟需一种从待筛选菌液中分离筛选具有抗菌活性的副干酪乳杆菌菌株的方法。
通过上述分析,现有技术存在的问题及缺陷为:现有副干酪乳杆菌的筛选方法尚未见报道;同时,食品工业中广泛存在化学防腐剂的问题,亟需广谱高效天然防腐保鲜剂。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株、筛选方法及用途。
本发明是这样实现的,一种副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法,所述副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一,初筛:将待筛乳杆菌选菌株放入盛有初筛培养基的培养皿中,并将培养皿放入30~35℃的恒温摇床中培养4~5天;
步骤二,接种培养:将经过初筛培养后得到的乳杆菌接种至新鲜牛奶中,并置于30~35℃的生化培养箱中发酵培养3~4天,获得发酵组合物;
步骤三,活性检测:将发酵组合物挑取划线分离,以大肠杆菌为指示菌,对得到的单菌落进行抑菌活性试验检测;
步骤四,将通过活性检测的单菌落放至初筛培养基中,摇床培养8~10天;取2ml培养后的菌液置于放有厌氧培养基的厌氧瓶中培养25~30天;
步骤五,将厌氧瓶放至30℃厌氧培养罐中培养20天,在培养的过程中持续充入氮气,得到具有良好抗菌活性的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1菌株。
进一步,步骤一中,所述初筛培养基的制备方法为:
(1)按质量份数将Na2S2O310~15份、KNO38~12份、(NH4)2HPO45~7份、半胱氨酸1~2份进行混合,得到混合液;
(2)在混合液中加入5%碱性复红乙醇溶液,调节pH值为7.2-7.4;
(3)设定加热温度为120~125℃,加热时间为15~20min灭菌;
(4)在室温下进行冷却,然后加入维生素营养液15~20份,搅拌均匀,得到初筛培养基。
进一步,所述维生素营养液中硫胺素为0.12~0.15μg/L、吡哆醇为0.13~0.16μg/L、泛酸钙为0.15~0.2μg/L、硫酸锌3~5mg/L和烟酸为0.11~0.13μg/L。
进一步,步骤一中,所述恒温摇床的转速为180~190rpm/min。
进一步,步骤三中,对得到的单菌落进行抑菌活性试验检测包括:
(1)使用Φ90的平板配制培养基25ml,琼脂的加量为0.75%;
(2)对培养基进行120-150℃灭菌5min,放到50℃恒温水浴锅中,降温至50℃;
(3)加入大肠杆菌,混匀后倒平板;
(4)培养基凝固后用6mm的打孔器打孔,将标样和检测的样品分别加入到不同的孔内;
(5)低温扩散3-8小时后,正放培养箱内培养,根据抑菌圈的直径进行抑菌活性计算。
进一步,步骤四中,所述摇床培养的温度为30~35℃、摇床转速为180~185转/min。
进一步,步骤四中,所述厌氧培养基按质量份数由15~17份MnSO4、10~12份Na2S2O3、5~8份KH2HPO4、3~5份NH4Cl、1.5~2份CaCl2和0.5~1份FeCl3混合后煮沸晾凉,调pH至中性,然后加1~1.2ml指示剂,充N2装瓶,经过120~125℃,20~25min的灭菌得到。
进一步,所述指示剂为美兰厌氧指示剂。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种应用所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法筛选得到的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株,所述副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株FX-6-1,于2014年02月23日保藏于位于武汉市武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC M 2014043。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株在制备抗菌药物方面的应用。
结合上述的所有技术方案,本发明所具备的优点及积极效果为:本发明提供的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法简单可行,操作成本低,能够获得广谱高效的新型抗菌物质,推动其开发和应用,具有广阔的市场。
本发明筛选得到的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株发酵产生的抑菌组合物性质稳定、抗菌谱宽,既可以抑制细菌中的革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌,同时对部分霉菌也有抑制作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法流程图。
图2是本发明实施例提供的初筛培养基的制备方法的流程图。
图3是本发明实施例提供的对得到的单菌落进行抑菌活性试验检测的流程图。
图4~图5是本发明实施例提供的筛选分离得到的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1的菌落形态示意图。
图6~图7是本发明实施例提供的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株在显微镜油镜下观察得到的形态特征示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株、筛选方法及用途,下面结合附图对本发明作详细的描述。
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法包括以下步骤:
S101,初筛:将待筛乳杆菌选菌株放入盛有初筛培养基的培养皿中,并将培养皿放入30~35℃的恒温摇床中培养4~5天;
S102,接种培养:将经过初筛培养后得到的乳杆菌接种至新鲜牛奶中,并置于30~35℃的生化培养箱中发酵培养3~4天,获得发酵组合物;
S103,活性检测:将发酵组合物挑取划线分离,以大肠杆菌为指示菌,对得到的单菌落进行抑菌活性试验检测;
S104,将通过活性检测的单菌落放至初筛培养基中,摇床培养8~10天;取2ml培养后的菌液置于放有厌氧培养基的厌氧瓶中培养25~30天;
S105,将厌氧瓶放至30℃厌氧培养罐中培养20天,在培养的过程中持续充入氮气,得到具有良好抗菌活性的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1菌株。
如图2所示,本发明实施例提供的初筛培养基的制备方法为:
S201,按质量份数将Na2S2O310~15份、KNO38~12份、(NH4)2HPO45~7份、半胱氨酸1~2份进行混合,得到混合液;
S202,在混合液中加入5%碱性复红乙醇溶液,调节pH值为7.2-7.4;
S203,设定加热温度为120~125℃,加热时间为15~20min灭菌;
S204,在室温下进行冷却,然后加入维生素营养液15~20份,搅拌均匀,得到初筛培养基。
如图3所示,本发明实施例提供的对得到的单菌落进行抑菌活性试验检测包括:
S301,使用Φ90的平板配制培养基25ml,琼脂的加量为0.75%;
S302,对培养基进行120-150℃灭菌5min,放到50℃恒温水浴锅中,降温至50℃;
S303,加入大肠杆菌,混匀后倒平板;
S304,培养基凝固后用6mm的打孔器打孔,将标样和检测的样品分别加入到不同的孔内;
S305,低温扩散3-8小时后,正放培养箱内培养,根据抑菌圈的直径进行抑菌活性计算。
本发明实施例提供的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株FX-6-1,于2014年02月23日保藏于位于武汉市武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC M 2014043。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1:副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1菌株的筛选与分离
将待筛乳杆菌选菌株接种到纯牛奶中,30℃静态发酵培养24h,混匀发酵后的凝乳,取液态发酵乳用0.9%无菌生理盐水稀释至10-6~10-8,涡旋混匀后吸取0.1mL稀释样至MC固态培养基及MRS固态培养平板表面并涂布均匀。30℃下密封培养24~48h至单一菌落长出。挑取产生清晰钙圈的单菌落,并再次通过MRS琼脂板纯化以获取单菌落菌株,共收集到50株乳酸菌。
将分离到的产酸单菌落菌株接种到MRS液态培养基中,30℃下静态密封过夜培养。随后将活化乳酸菌菌液按接种量5%(v/v)加入纯牛奶中,混匀后30℃下静态密封培养24h,发酵液离心(4,000r/min,20min)过膜(0.45μm滤膜)后,经冷冻干燥获得冻干样。
以大肠杆菌为指示菌,采用牛津杯琼脂扩散法筛选到抗菌活性最佳的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1(Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.tolerans FX-6-1)菌株。该菌株培养特征如下:菌落呈圆形白色突起,菌落湿润、明亮,边缘整齐,具有典型的乳酸菌菌落特征(如图4~5所示)。
所述副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1菌株已于2014年02月23日保藏于位于武汉市武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC M 2014043。
实施例2:副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1菌株的革兰氏染色
用接种环挑取一环MRS平板培养基上培养的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1菌落,涂片后革兰氏染色,油镜观察乳酸菌菌株形态特征。经显微镜油镜观察发现,菌株经革兰氏染色呈阳性,短杆状,菌株粘连成短链状排列,无鞭毛,无孢子形成,为乳酸杆菌的典型特征(见图6~7)。
实施例3:抑菌活性测定
吸取2mL副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1菌株发酵产生的抑菌组合物溶液至牛津杯,细菌在37℃下恒温静置培养18h(霉菌采用PDA固体培养基,30℃下培养24h),游标卡尺测抑菌圈直径。
实验结果见表1,可以看出,副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1菌株发酵产生的抑菌组合物(1g/mL)具有较宽的抗菌谱,对细菌种的部分革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均具有显著抑制作用,同时对霉菌中的黄曲霉、黑曲霉、黑根酶和青霉也具有不同程度的抑制作用。但总体上对细菌的抑制效果优于对霉菌的抑制效果。
表1抑菌活性测定结果
指示菌 | 抑菌活性 |
大肠杆菌(E.coli) | +++ |
金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus) | +++ |
苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis) | +++ |
沙门氏菌(S.enterica) | +++ |
痢疾杆菌(S.dysenteriae) | +++ |
黄曲霉(A.flavus) | + |
黑曲霉(A.niger) | +++ |
黑根霉(R.nigricans) | ++ |
灰绿青霉(Pen.glaucum) | ++ |
注:+:抑菌圈直径5-10mm;++:抑菌圈直径10-20mm;+++:抑菌圈直径>20mm。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一,初筛:将待筛乳杆菌选菌株放入盛有初筛培养基的培养皿中,并将培养皿放入30~35℃的恒温摇床中培养4~5天;
步骤二,接种培养:将经过初筛培养后得到的乳杆菌接种至新鲜牛奶中,并置于30~35℃的生化培养箱中发酵培养3~4天,获得发酵组合物;
步骤三,活性检测:将发酵组合物挑取划线分离,以大肠杆菌为指示菌,对得到的单菌落进行抑菌活性试验检测;
步骤四,将通过活性检测的单菌落放至初筛培养基中,摇床培养8~10天;取2ml培养后的菌液置于放有厌氧培养基的厌氧瓶中培养25~30天;
步骤五,将厌氧瓶放至30℃厌氧培养罐中培养20天,在培养的过程中持续充入氮气,得到具有良好抗菌活性的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种FX-6-1菌株。
2.如权利要求1所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,所述初筛培养基的制备方法为:
(1)按质量份数将Na2S2O3 10~15份、KNO3 8~12份、(NH4)2HPO4 5~7份、半胱氨酸1~2份进行混合,得到混合液;
(2)在混合液中加入5%碱性复红乙醇溶液,调节pH值为7.2-7.4;
(3)设定加热温度为120~125℃,加热时间为15~20min灭菌;
(4)在室温下进行冷却,然后加入维生素营养液15~20份,搅拌均匀,得到初筛培养基。
3.如权利要求2所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述维生素营养液中硫胺素为0.12~0.15μg/L、吡哆醇为0.13~0.16μg/L、泛酸钙为0.15~0.2μg/L、硫酸锌3~5mg/L和烟酸为0.11~0.13μg/L。
4.如权利要求1所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,所述恒温摇床的转速为180~190rpm/min。
5.如权利要求1所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法,其特征在于,步骤三中,对得到的单菌落进行抑菌活性试验检测包括:
(1)使用Φ90的平板配制培养基25ml,琼脂的加量为0.75%;
(2)对培养基进行120-150℃灭菌5min,放到50℃恒温水浴锅中,降温至50℃;
(3)加入大肠杆菌,混匀后倒平板;
(4)培养基凝固后用6mm的打孔器打孔,将标样和检测的样品分别加入到不同的孔内;
(5)低温扩散3-8小时后,正放培养箱内培养,根据抑菌圈的直径进行抑菌活性计算。
6.如权利要求1所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法,其特征在于,步骤四中,所述摇床培养的温度为30~35℃、摇床转速为180~185转/min。
7.如权利要求1所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法,其特征在于,步骤四中,所述厌氧培养基按质量份数由15~17份MnSO4、10~12份Na2S2O3、5~8份KH2HPO4、3~5份NH4Cl、1.5~2份CaCl2和0.5~1份FeCl3混合后煮沸晾凉,调pH至中性,然后加1~1.2ml指示剂,充N2装瓶,经过120~125℃,20~25min的灭菌得到。
8.如权利要求7所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述指示剂为美兰厌氧指示剂。
9.一种应用如权利要求1~8任意一项所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株的筛选方法筛选得到的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株,其特征在于,所述副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株FX-6-1,于2014年02月23日保藏于位于武汉市武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC M 2014043。
10.一种如权利要求9所述的副干酪乳杆菌坚韧亚种菌株在制备抗菌药物方面的应用。
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