CN115073749A - 一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- ZDSFBVVBFMKMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound C=CC[Si](C)(C)CC=C ZDSFBVVBFMKMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZBFQOIBWJITQRI-UHFFFAOYSA-H disodium;hexachloroplatinum(2-);hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pt+4] ZBFQOIBWJITQRI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
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Abstract
本发明申请属于石油开采技术领域,具体公开了一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,包括:步骤(1)基于两侧羟基封端硅氧烷、甲基硅醇钠等物质制备单氢封端硅氧烷的制备;步骤(2)基于单氢封端硅氧烷、含多个不饱和键的烯丙基硅氧烷的环己烷溶液、贵金属酸制备多端支化硅氧烷。本方案制得的硅氧烷聚合物具有增稠超临界二氧化碳的优异性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石油开采技术领域,具体公开了一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法。
背景技术
与常规压裂技术不同,超临界二氧化碳压裂技术作为一类清洁高效的储层改造措施,用于低渗页岩储层改造时可避免水力压裂技术存在的水敏和水锁现象,也可避免油基压裂技术存在的压裂液流动性差、摩阻高及安全系数低等缺陷,具有经济效益可观,储层裂缝摩阻低,减少储层伤害,溶于原油降低原油黏度提高原油流动性,降低对低渗储层的水敏及水锁现象。但是,超临界态的二氧化碳的黏度仅为0.04mPa·s左右,黏度极低,携砂性能较弱,支撑剂颗粒易于沉降,压裂液易于发生指进现象,不利于CO2压裂液波及系数的提高和低渗储层的油气开发。
目前科研学者主要向超临界二氧化碳中加入含氟类增稠剂,如CN104388073A.涉及的含氟聚合物。含氟增稠剂增稠效果优异,但易与地下水相结合,而污染低渗储层和水资源,进而在生物圈中循环,破坏环境,且此类增稠剂价格昂贵,使用成本高。而碳氢类增稠剂的制备成本尽管低,但溶解压力大,增稠效果差,无法满足低渗储层的压裂需求。目前可用于增稠CO2的含氟增稠剂及碳氢增稠剂种类有限,尽管存在诸多优势,但因制备成本或环境污染等缺陷,一定程度上阻碍了超临界CO2压裂技术用于低渗储层的压裂增产。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其所制得硅氧烷聚合物具有增稠超临界二氧化碳的优异性能。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)向250ml的干燥三口烧瓶中倒入Mn=9600的两侧羟基封端硅氧烷和溶剂,并逐滴将三甲基硅醇钠滴入三口烧瓶,以2.0℃/min~5.0℃/min升高温度至35~90℃后,反应5h~15h后冷却,在25℃下过滤除去固体沉淀团聚物得双端钠封端硅氧烷,将双端钠封端硅氧烷加入另一250ml三口烧瓶中,并缓慢滴入含氢氯硅烷后于-15℃反应20h,在真空度0.02-0.08MPa、温度60-100℃条件下真空1.5h脱除剩余溶剂和低沸物,得到单氢封端硅氧烷,备用;
(2)氮气保护下,将步骤(1)得到的单氢封端硅氧烷与含多个不饱和键的烯丙基硅氧烷的环己烷溶液加入到三口烧瓶中,并于50℃~105℃下加入贵金属酸反应3~10h后,冷却至25℃并过滤除去固体颗粒杂质,将过滤后的液体产物真空度0.02-0.07MPa、温度90~130℃条件下真空脱除剩余溶剂和低沸物,得到浅黄色透明黏着液体,即为多端支化硅氧烷。
多端支化硅氧烷的结构式如下:
本技术方案的有益效果在于:
(1)本方案以含不同侧链的羟基封端硅氧烷聚合物为反应单体,首先经改性形成单氢封端硅氧烷聚合物,在经硅氢加成反应制备出多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂,提高了硅氧烷在CO2中的混溶性能和溶解度,而且有效改善硅氧烷对超临界CO2的增稠能力;
(2)本方案中制备过程涉及的反应底物成本低,购买途径便捷,且羟基封端硅氧烷侧链可任意调节;
(3)本方案中的硅氧烷制备过程步骤简便,合成条件易实现,无需特殊仪器,且反应物安全性高;
(4)本方案中反应过程无其他反应废物和有毒有害物质产生,不会对人体和环境产生污染;
(5)本方案中制备得到的硅氧烷增稠剂在常温常压下物理性质稳定,不易发生自身交联,可长时间低温密闭保存;
(6)本方案中制备所得硅氧烷增稠剂的非极性强,不易吸附于低渗页岩储层,不易发生水敏和水锁现象,易于溶于原油而具有优异环保性能;
(7)本方案中制备得到的多端支化硅氧烷与各种助溶剂的配伍性良好;
(8)本方案中支链的增加可以改善硅氧烷在CO2中的混溶和增稠能力,减少助溶剂用量;
(9)本发明的产品适合工业化批量生产,且在油田开采中具有较好的应用,不污染低渗页岩储层,且能对超临界CO2具有优异混溶和增稠性能。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式进一步详细说明,实施例中所述的所有原料其余均为常规市购产品,无易制毒与制爆试剂和药品,安全性高。
实施例一
一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,包括步骤如下:
(1)单氢封端线性硅氧烷的制备
向装有搅拌器、通氮管和温度计的250ml干燥三口烧瓶中倒入96g两侧羟基封端的侧链甲基硅氧烷和120ml环己烷溶液并搅拌均匀。向三口烧瓶中加入6.06g甲基硅醇钠,并以4.0℃/min升速升高温度至70℃后,反应11h后冷却;在25℃下过滤除去固体沉淀团聚物得双端钠封端硅氧烷。将双端钠封端硅氧烷加入另一250ml三口烧瓶中,并缓慢滴入9.46g二甲基一氢氯硅烷后反于-15℃反应20h,在真空度0.07MPa、温度75℃条件下真空1.5h脱除剩余溶剂和低沸物,即得单氢封端硅氧烷,备用;
(2)多端支化硅氧烷增稠剂的制备
氮气保护下,将第一步制备的50g单氢封端硅氧烷与0.6g甲基三烯丙基硅烷的80ml环己烷溶液加入到装有搅拌器、通氮管和温度计的三颈玻璃瓶中,并于80℃下加入2.5×10-5mol氯铂酸反应7h后,冷却至25℃并过滤除去固体颗粒杂质,将过滤后的液体产物真空度0.06MPa、温度95℃条件下真空脱除剩余溶剂和低沸物,得到浅黄色透明黏着液体,即为多端支化硅氧烷。
实施例二
本实施例与实施例一所不同的是:步骤(1)中所用的含氢氯硅烷为二甲基二氢氯二硅烷,使用量是2.6g。
实施例三
本实施例与实施例一所不同的是:步骤(1)中加入96g两侧羟基封端的侧链含苯环硅氧烷。
实施例四
本实施例与实施例一所不同的是:步骤(1)中所使用的的溶剂为120ml甲苯。
实施例五
本实施例与实施例一所不同的是:步骤(1)中在三口烧瓶中以4.0℃/min升速升高温度至85℃反应11h。
实施例六
本实施例与实施例一所不同的是:步骤(2)中贵金属酸更改为六氯代铂酸钠六水合物,用量为2.5×10-5mol。
实施例七
本实施例与实施例一所不同的是:步骤(2)中甲基三烯丙基硅烷为1.2g。
实施例八
本实施例与实施例一所不同的是:步骤(2)中于95℃下加入2.5×10-5mol氯铂酸反应7h。
对比例一
如实施例一所述,所不同的是单体中未加入甲基硅醇钠。
对比例二
对比例二为美国道康宁公司生产的二甲基硅油。
实施例的聚合物产品及对比例产品性能对比:
用1倍量环己烷溶液配制所制备硅氧烷增稠剂质量分数为1%的超临界CO2压裂液溶液,32℃下使用毛细管压差计测试超临界CO2压裂液的粘度及粘度比(相较于纯二氧化碳)数据如表1所示。
表1抗剪切性能评价结果
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用。
Claims (10)
1.一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
(1)向250ml的干燥三口烧瓶中倒入Mn=9600的两侧羟基封端硅氧烷和溶剂,并逐滴将三甲基硅醇钠滴入三口烧瓶,以2.0℃/min~5.0℃/min升高温度至35~90℃后,反应5h~15h后冷却,在25℃下过滤除去固体沉淀团聚物得双端钠封端硅氧烷,将双端钠封端硅氧烷加入另一250ml三口烧瓶中,并缓慢滴入含氢氯硅烷后于-15℃反应20h,在真空度0.02-0.08MPa、温度60-100℃条件下真空1.5h脱除剩余溶剂和低沸物,得到单氢封端硅氧烷,备用;
(2)氮气保护下,将步骤(1)得到的单氢封端硅氧烷与含多个不饱和键的烯丙基硅氧烷的环己烷溶液加入到三口烧瓶中,并于50℃~105℃下加入贵金属酸反应3~10h后,冷却至25℃并过滤除去固体颗粒杂质,将过滤后的液体产物真空度0.02-0.07MPa、温度90~130℃条件下真空脱除剩余溶剂和低沸物,得到浅黄色透明黏着液体,即为多端支化硅氧烷。
多端支化硅氧烷的结构式如下:
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的溶剂为甲苯、环己烷、正己烷、苯、乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、石油醚和氯仿中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的含氢氯硅烷为二甲基一氢氯硅烷、一甲基二氢氯硅烷、三氢氯硅烷、五甲基一氢氯二硅烷和四甲基二氢氯二硅烷中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,三甲基硅醇钠与两侧羟基封端硅氧烷的摩尔比为(2.6~6.7):1,硅醇钠与两侧羟基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷在溶剂中的浓度为40-75%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,双端钠封端硅氧烷与含氢氯硅烷的摩尔比为(0.85~1.73):1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,三口烧瓶中的两侧羟基封端硅氧烷、溶剂、三甲基硅醇钠以3.0℃/min~4.5℃/min升高温度至50~75℃后,反应8h~12h。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,三口烧瓶中的两侧羟基封端硅氧烷、溶剂、三甲基硅醇钠的升温速度为:3.5℃/min~4.5℃/min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,双端钠封端硅氧烷、含氢氯硅烷在真空度0.04~0.07MPa、温度70~85℃条件下真空脱除剩余溶剂和低沸物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,烯丙基硅氧烷为甲基三烯丙基硅烷、烯丙基磷酸二乙酯、二甲基二烯丙基硅烷、三甲基烯丙基硅烷、甲基五烯丙基硅烷或二甲基四烯丙基硅烷中的一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种多端支化硅氧烷类超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,贵金属酸为氯亚铂酸钠、氯铂酸、氯亚铂酸铵、六氯代铂酸钠六水合物、六氯钌酸铵和三甲基醋酸钯中的一种。
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