CN115069278A - 一种含锂废水处理光催化材料及制备和应用方法 - Google Patents
一种含锂废水处理光催化材料及制备和应用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115069278A CN115069278A CN202210843572.0A CN202210843572A CN115069278A CN 115069278 A CN115069278 A CN 115069278A CN 202210843572 A CN202210843572 A CN 202210843572A CN 115069278 A CN115069278 A CN 115069278A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- photocatalytic material
- oil field
- hydrosol
- photocatalytic
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 108010025899 gelatin film Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- SZOADBKOANDULT-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimonous acid Chemical compound O[Sb](O)O SZOADBKOANDULT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl n-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)NC1CCNC1=O DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011494 foam glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical group CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- 229910000161 silver phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229940019931 silver phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 hydroxyl free radical Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- AQTIRDJOWSATJB-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimonic acid Chemical compound O[Sb](O)(O)=O AQTIRDJOWSATJB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940010514 ammonium ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KIQKNTIOWITBBA-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Sb+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KIQKNTIOWITBBA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium titanium Chemical compound [Li].[Ti] SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZDYUUBIMAGBMPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)C(O)=O ZDYUUBIMAGBMPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLUBVTJUEUUZMR-UHFFFAOYSA-B silicon(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XLUBVTJUEUUZMR-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metavanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][V](=O)=O CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B titanium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/31—Density
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含锂废水处理光催化材料及制备和应用方法,光催化材料具有核壳结构,内核是轻质玻璃载体材料,外壳是纳米SiO2、TiO2、Sb2O5、P2O5、Ag2O、Li2O热化学反应形成复盐的酸洗产物;光催化材料同时具有锂离子选择吸附功能;光催化材料的质量组成为:TiO220%‑30%,Sb2O510%‑15%,P2O52%‑5%,Ag2O 1%‑3%,Li2O 0.3%‑0.9%,SiO215%‑30%,轻质玻璃载体材料40%‑50%;比重为750‑950kg/m3,比表面积为5‑50m2/g,对模拟油田含锂废水的COD去除率为82%‑92%,锂回收率为80%‑90%,锂吸附容量为2‑5mg/g;由涂覆在轻质玻璃载体材料表面的光催化材料前驱体水溶胶形成凝胶膜,然后在500‑700℃下烧结,进一步用硫酸水溶液浸渍脱锂形成。本发明光催化材料具有锂离子选择吸附功能,不仅能够光催化降解含锂废水中的有机污染物,而且能够回收含锂废水中的锂资源。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含锂废水处理光催化材料及制备和应用方法,属于光催化材料和环境功能材料领域。
背景技术
在油田开采的各个工艺过程中都会产生大量油田废水,特别是驱油废水的产生量远大于回注用水量,只有将其达标处理才能部分排放或用于灌溉。油田废水中除含有机物、可溶性盐类、重金属、悬浮颗粒等天然的杂质及地层中的各种盐类外,还含有一些用于开采或改变废水特性的化学药剂,油田废水化学需氧量(COD)的低成本降低面临严重挑战。
国内外许多地域的油田废水中锂含量可观,具有经济利用价值,但油田含锂废水中有机污染物含量很高,目前缺少低成本的油田含锂废水处理技术和油田废水中锂资源回收技术。光催化技术可利用太阳光将废水中的有机污染物催化降解为CO2和H2O,相比传统的物理方法、化学方法和生物方法更具有应用价值和发展前景。
纳米TiO2在现有的光催化材料中活性最高,而且具有化学性质稳定和廉价低毒等优势,但纳米TiO2光催化剂也存在光催化量子效率低,光谱响应范围窄,易凝聚,易失活,在水溶液不易分散和回收困难等不足。因为太阳光谱中可见光占45%,而紫外光仅占 3%-5%,专业人员力图通过掺杂改性等方式扩展纳米TiO2光催化材料的光谱响应范围,使其在可见光范围内也能够发挥光催化作用。同时还努力通过负载方式提高纳米TiO2的光催化活性和解决其易凝聚和难回收的问题。高活性可见光催化材料研究开发已被列为重大科学和工程技术问题,受到科技人员的广泛关注。
研究发现过渡金属、稀土元素、半导体氧化物或非金属化合物掺杂,都能够使纳米TiO2的光吸收范围扩展到可见光区域;活性炭、沸石、分子筛和硅藻土等高比表面积粉体材料都能作为TiO2光催化材料的载体,增加其对可见光的利用率和提升其光催化性能。
近年来,锑酸盐和磷酸银可见光催化剂的研究开发逐渐受到重视。清华大学在中国专利CN1269992C(2006-08-16)公开了在可见光下具有高催化活性的二氧化钛薄膜及其制备方法,通过溶胶-凝胶法在TiO2溶胶中加入锂盐和锑盐,在400℃以下的低温热处理条件下,获得了在可见光下具有高催化活性的二氧化钛薄膜。中国专利CN103301829B(2015-07-22)公开了一种复合光触媒溶胶及其制备方法,由锑掺杂氧化锡溶胶和二氧化钛纳米溶胶制成,通过复合两种能级匹配的半导体,获得了较高的量子效率,提高了材料的光催化性能。中国专利CN108786829B(2021-05-11)公开掺杂纳米二氧化钛的光催化剂及其制备方法,将硫酸亚铁铵、偏钒酸钠、稀土氧化物、锑盐、无机酸和水进行水热反应制得掺杂钒酸铁,进一步制得掺杂纳米二氧化钛的光催化剂。中国专利CN107803221B(2020-07-03)公开了漂浮型磷酸银基可见光催化剂及其制备方法和应用,采用硅烷偶联剂溶液将空心玻璃微珠表面氨基化,得到改性的空心玻璃微珠;通过氨基上的孤对电子使磷酸银负载于改性的空心玻璃微珠表面,得到漂浮型磷酸银基可见光催化剂。
虽然现有的掺杂纳米TiO2光催化材料能够在一定程度上催化降解油田废水中的有机污染物,但仍存在光催化材料不耐污染、容易失活和使用寿命短的问题,难以达到工业应用要求。
申请人前期从事从盐湖卤水中吸附提锂技术开发,在中国专利108160023A(2018-06-15)中公开了一种复合偏锑酸锂离子筛填料及其制备方法,以偏钛酸、偏锑酸和轻质玻璃载体材料为原料制成锂离子吸附剂,提高了锂离子的吸脱附速度,同时降低了锑酸组分的溶解损耗,提高了使用中的环境安全性;在中国专利113578254A(2021-11-02)中公开一种自清洁钛系锂离子筛的制备方法,采用了多种过渡金属离子掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化分解盐湖卤水中的有机污染物,以提高锂离子筛在实际应用中的吸附容量。如果将选择性吸附提锂技术与光催化技术结合应用,不仅能够提升油田含锂废水光催化处理的技术经济性,而且能够实现油田含锂废水中锂资源的综合利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含锂废水处理光催化材料,光催化材料具有核壳结构,内核是轻质玻璃载体材料,外壳是纳米SiO2、TiO2、Sb2O5 、P2O5、Ag2O 、Li2O热化学反应形成的复盐的酸洗产物;光催化材料同时具有锂离子选择吸附功能;光催化材料的质量组成为:TiO2 20%-30%, Sb2O5 10%-15%,P2O5 2%-5%, Ag2O 1%-3%,Li2O 0.3%-0.9%, SiO2 15%-30%,轻质玻璃载体材料40%-50%;比重为750-950kg/m3,比表面积为5-50m2/g,对模拟油田含锂废水的COD去除率为82%-92%,锂回收率为80%-90%,锂吸附容量为2-5mg/g;由涂覆在轻质玻璃载体材料表面的光催化材料前驱体水溶胶形成凝胶膜,然后在500-700℃下烧结,进一步用硫酸水溶液浸渍脱锂形成;所述轻质玻璃载体材料是比重小于500kg/m3的玻璃纤维制品、泡沫玻璃制品或中空玻璃微球之一。
本发明的光催化材料比重为0.75-0.95g/cm3,能够漂浮在含锂废水表面上,受光面积大,有机污染物光催化降解效率高和容易回收利用。能够方便地以搅拌方式、曝气方式,瀑布方式、塔板方式、沸腾床和聚光照射等多种方式强化入射光与含锂废水和光催化材料的接触,从而提高光催化效率。
本发明中的创造性体现在光催化材料能够一剂二用,既能作为光催化材料降解含锂废水中的有机污染物,又能作为锂选择吸附材料回收含锂废水中的锂资源。与现有的只具有单一功能的光催化材料和锂离子吸附材料相比,具有显著的特点和实质性进步,大幅提高了油田含锂废水处理过程的技术经济性,具有产业化应用前景。
本发明中光催化材料的作用原理是光催化材料前驱体水溶胶中的光催化活性组分,在高温烧结过程中发生热化学反应形成SiO2、TiO2、Sb2O5 、P2O5、Ag2O 、Li2O的多元复盐。由于是多元无机盐的混合物,光催化材料有效组分的结构不易确定,其中,也含有简单的无机盐组分钛酸锂、锑酸锂、钛酸锑、钛酸银、锑酸银、磷酸银、硅酸锂和硅酸银。仅钛酸锂就有4种以上化学组成和多种结构。研究发现纳米二氧化钛、三氧化二锑、钛酸银、锑酸银和磷酸银组分都具有良好的可见光催化性能,它们形成的复合材料协同增强了纳米TiO2的光催化效果,将光催化剂的光吸收区间扩展到整个可见光区。
光催化材料在可见光的照射下就能够产生强氧化性的羟基自由基(HO·),HO·能够将油田含锂废水中的有机污染物光催化降解为CO2和H2O。
当光催化材料前驱体中的锂原子被硫酸水溶液浸渍脱除后,比表面积增大,光催化效率提高;而遗留下来的大量的空位,由于分子记忆效应和静电吸附效应,将选择性吸附油田含锂废水中的体积比较小的锂离子,而不能吸附体积比较大的其它阳离子。随着锂的饱和吸附和有机污染物的积累,光催化材料的光催化效率逐渐下降和失活,通过氧化氢水溶液的氧化和硫酸水溶液的洗脱,光催化材料的锂吸附性能恢复;同时光催化剂表面的有机污染物也被化学氧化和洗脱,光催化性能也得以活化再生。本发明中光催化材料的作用原理与现有光催化材料不同,通过锂化和脱锂过程,大幅增大了光催化剂比表面积,从而提高了光催化效率。
本发明中部分纳米SiO2具有亲油性,增强了光催化剂表面对油田含锂废水中有机污染物的吸附能力和光催化降解能力。因为含有机硅偶联剂的凝胶膜即使经过了高温烧结,表面仍残留少量的疏水性烷基硅,其包覆的光催化剂表面仍具有亲油的性质。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种含锂废水处理光催化材料的制备方法,包括纳米TiO2-Sb2O3水溶胶制备、纳米SiO2-Ag2O水溶胶制备、轻质玻璃载体材料镀膜预处理、光催化材料锂盐前驱体制备和光催化材料制备5个部分,具体步骤为:
(1)将硫酸氧钛和三氯化锑溶于去离子水中,用氨水将其中和到pH=9-11,形成氢氧化钛和氢氧化锑的白色共沉淀,控制原料投料摩尔比为Ti:Sb = 1:0.2-1;过滤分离沉淀物,用去离子水洗涤除去硫酸根和氯离子;将沉淀物分散在草酸水溶液中,控制投料摩尔比为:(Ti+Sb):草酸=1:1-2.5,在60-80℃下加热胶溶0.5-2 h,用去离子水稀释后得到固体质量分数为3%-10%的纳米TiO2-Sb2O3水溶胶;
(2)将正硅酸乙酯和有机硅偶联剂搅拌分散在含有磷酸和硝酸银的乙醇水溶液中,控制投料摩尔比为正硅酸乙酯:偶联剂:乙醇:水:磷酸:硝酸银=1:0.05-0.2: 20-50:20-50:0.1-0.3:0.05-0.1,在室温下进行水解反应24-48h,得到固体质量分数为3%-10%的纳米SiO2-Ag2O水溶胶,R是碳数为3-8的烷氧基、烷基、环氧烃基、氨基烃基或其混合物之一;所述有机硅偶联剂是甲基三乙氧基硅烷、偶联剂KH550、偶联剂KH560、偶联剂KH570、KH832或其混合物之一;
(3)将轻质玻璃载体材料在固体质量分数为3%-10%的多聚硅酸锂水溶液中浸渍,使其表面涂覆厚度0.5-5μ的多聚硅酸锂水溶胶膜,在120-160℃下烘干,轻质玻璃载体材料表面形成硅酸锂干膜层,增大对光催化材料活性组分的附着力,也为光催化材料制备提供锂源;所述多聚硅酸锂是化学组成为Li2O·mSiO2,m=2-7的多聚硅酸锂水溶胶;
(4)将纳米TiO2-Sb2O3水溶胶、纳米SiO2-Ag2O水溶胶和硅酸锂水溶胶混合,控制投料摩尔比为:(Ti+Sb):Si:Li = 1:1-2:2-3,用去离子水稀释形成固体质量分数为3%-10%的混合水溶胶;将混合水溶胶喷洒涂覆在预处理后的轻质玻璃载体材料上,使混合水溶胶涂覆均匀,在105-150℃下烘干,然后放入500-700℃的高温炉中烧结0.5-3 h,冷却后形成光催化材料锂盐前驱体;
(5)将光催化材料锂盐前驱体浸渍在摩尔浓度0.25-0.5mol/L的硫酸水溶液中2-4h,控制投料摩尔比Li:H2SO4=1:0.5-1,固体分离后用去离子水洗涤,在105-120℃下干燥,得到光催化材料,TiO2 20%-30%, Sb2O5 10%-15%,P2O5 2%-5%, Ag2O 1%-3%,Li2O 0.3%-0.9%, SiO2 15%-30%,轻质玻璃载体材料40%-50%,对模拟油田含锂废水的COD去除率为82%-92%,锂回收率为80%-90%,锂吸附容量为2-5mg/g。
本发明中所述的纳米TiO2-Sb2O3水溶胶只是氢氧化钛和氢氧化锑形成水溶胶的标签,不代表水溶胶分子的实际组成,因为氢氧化钛和氢氧化锑在水溶液中是以组成复杂的无机聚合物形式存在的。
本发明中所述的纳米SiO2-Ag2O水溶胶也只是正硅酸乙酯和硝酸银在磷酸水溶液中形成水溶胶的标签,不代表水溶胶分子的实际组成,因为硝酸银容易水解,容易见光分解,容易与水溶胶中的磷酸形成磷酸银溶胶。
本发明中选择硫酸氧钛作为钛源制备纳米TiO2是因为硫酸氧钛的价格低廉,而且水解后能得到高活性的锐钛型纳米TiO2。锐钛型纳米TiO2比金红石型和板钛型纳米TiO2具有更好的光催化活性,后续掺杂改性后的光催化活性也更高。
本发明中选择锑化合物作为光催化剂的活性组分,锑在水溶胶中时处于+3价,而高温烧结过程中被空气氧化为+5价,高价态的锑具有良好的光催化和化学催化性能,特别适合废水中有机污染物的光催化和空气催化氧化。此外,锑酸锂的酸洗脱锂产物具有良好的锂离子选择性和较大的锂离子吸附容量,能够从卤水、海水和含锂废水中回收锂资源。
本发明中选择银化合物作为光催化活性材料,是因为纳米钛酸银、锑酸银和硅酸银都是性能良好的可见光催化材料,通过掺杂方式可将纳米TiO2的光吸收区间拓展到可见光区。近年研究发现磷酸银有特异的光催化能力,对废水中有机污染物具有可见光降解能力。
本发明中选择磷酸水解正硅酸乙酯和有机硅偶联剂,这是因为磷酸高温分解不产生废气污染环境,而形成的磷酸银、磷酸钛、磷酸锑和磷酸硅都能提高光催化材料的性能。
本发明中的纳米SiO2有三个来源,一是正硅酸乙酯水解产生纳米SiO2;二是有机硅偶联剂水解产生疏水性纳米SiO2;三是多聚硅酸锂产生多孔纳米SiO2,它们都能作为掺杂纳米TiO2光催化性能的增效剂。研究发现纳米SiO2与纳米TiO2复合可提高纳米TiO2光催化性能数倍,并使纳米TiO2的光吸收波长向可见光区域拓展。纳米SiO2还具有包覆作用,能够防止锑盐化合物的溶解损耗。纳米SiO2膜是多孔膜,能够大幅增大光催化剂的比表面积,增强材料的光催化活性,同时允许光电子和小体积的锂离子透过。
正硅酸乙酯和有机硅偶联剂共聚合形成的RSi(OH)3凝胶膜具有一定的柔软性,形成的膜层不发生应力破裂,在基体上的附着力更好,粘结固定光催化剂组分的性能更强。含有机硅偶联剂的凝胶膜即使高温烧结,表面仍残留少量疏水的烷基硅,使光催化材料表面具有疏水和亲油的性能,维持光催化材料表面上吸附的有机污染物浓度适中,同时使光催化分解生成的小分子污染物容易洗脱进入水中。
本发明中的多聚硅酸锂是通过纳米SiO2水溶胶和氢氧化锂反应生产的,既是轻质玻璃载体材料预处理的镀膜材料,也是光催化材料锂盐前驱体的锂源。经过多聚硅酸锂镀膜处理的轻质玻璃载体材料表面粗糙度大和表面积大,对光催化材料活性组分的附着力好,克服了光催化材料活性组分容易从载体上脱落的缺陷。多聚硅酸锂与纳米TiO2-Sb2O3水溶胶的相溶性好,混合水溶胶中不形成沉淀和发生凝胶现象。多聚硅酸锂在载体表面形成包覆膜层,酸洗脱锂后遗留下大量的空位,能使光催化材料的比表面积增大和光催化效率提高,允许锂离子传输和阻止含锂废水中大体积的钙、镁、钾和钠等阳离子透过,提高了光催化材料的锂离子吸附选择性。
本发明中选择了比重小于500kg/m3的轻质玻璃载体材料,例如,玻璃纤维制品、泡沫玻璃制品或中空玻璃微球等。这些轻质玻璃载体材料目前主要作为保温材料和建筑材料,价格低廉,无污染。轻质玻璃载体材料化学性质稳定,在含锂废水中不溶解,在其上负载光催化材料后仍能漂浮在水面,受光面积大和容易分离回收。
本发明中通过调节混合水溶胶浓度和质量,可控制轻质玻璃载体材料上凝胶膜的重量和厚度,通常选择干膜层厚度0.5-5μ,以保持光催化剂的漂浮性能和锂离子吸附容量。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种含锂废水处理光催化材料的应用方法,以模拟油田含锂废水为处理标的和锂资源利用标的,光催化材料在室内自然光照射下、光催化材料在强光照射下和再生光催化材料在强光照射下分别测定其COD去除率和锂离子的回收率,以优化选择应用条件,具体步骤为:
(1)向一个直径300mm,高1000mm的圆柱形废水空气曝气处理试验装置中,加入模拟油田含锂废水10L,按照模拟含锂油田废水体积3-10g/L的比例加入光催化材料,在室内自然光下,以0.5-1m3/h的流量通入压缩空气,对模拟含锂油田废水进行曝气处理10 h,取样测定处理前后模拟油田含锂废水中的COD和锂含量变化,COD去除率为46%-60%,锂回收率为80%-85%;所述模拟油田含锂废水是正辛烷、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和氯化锂的水溶液,COD为800-1200mg/L,锂含量为20-30mg/L;
(2)从试验装置圆柱形水池的底部排出其中的处理过的模拟含锂油田废水,重新加入模拟油田含锂废水10L,按照模拟含锂油田废水体积3-10g/L的比例加入光催化材料,打开位于水面顶部1米处的100W节能灯,以1000W/m2的光强度照射漂浮在模拟含锂油田废水表面的光催化材料,以0.5-1m3/h的流量通入压缩空气对模拟油田含锂废水进行曝气处理10 h,取样测定处理前后模拟含锂油田废水中COD和锂离子含量的变化;COD去除率为82%-92%,锂回收率为80%-90%;
(3)将分离出的光催化材料浸渍在摩尔浓度0.25-0.5mol/L的硫酸水溶液中2-4h,控制投料摩尔比Li:H2SO4=1:1-2.5,使锂离子脱附形成可溶性的硫酸锂,测得光催化材料的锂离子吸附容量为2-5mg/g;分别用过氧化氢水溶液和去离子水洗涤光催化材料表面的有机物后循环使用,再生光催化材料的COD去除率为82%-92%,锂回收率为80%-90%。
油田含锂废水在贮存过程中,容易出现沉淀和内含原油析出现象,也容易发生空气氧化后COD变化大的问题,一般采用模拟油田含锂废水进行研究。本发明的光催化剂在室内自然光照射下,也具有一定的光催化和化学催化降解污染物能力,在可见光照射下对模拟含锂油田废水的COD也具有一定的去除能力。
本发明的光催化材料对模拟含锂油田废水中的锂具有良好的吸附能力,在室内自然光下和强光照射下锂回收率都处于80%-90%范围中,光照对锂回收率没有明显影响。光催化材料脱锂形成的可溶性硫酸锂溶液可用于碳酸锂生产中。再生后的光催化材料可循环使用,其光催化去除COD能力和锂离子的回收率没有发生明显变化。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的光催化材料能够一剂二用,既能光催化降解油田废水中的有机污染物,又能作为锂离子吸附剂回收含锂油田废水中的锂资源;
(2)本发明光催化材料的化学性质稳定,烧结后具有光催化协同作用,在含锂废水中和稀硫酸溶液中几乎没有溶解损耗;
(3)本发明中光催化材料可利用锂离子吸附后的酸洗脱锂过程实现活化再生,使用寿命长,具有产业化应用前景。
本发明所用的实验原料正硅酸乙酯、有机硅偶联剂、硫酸氧钛、三氯化锑、硝酸银、氨水、磷酸、硫酸、草酸、乙醇均为市售化学纯试剂。轻质玻璃载体材料和多聚硅酸锂为市售的工业品。
本发明中采用沸点较高和挥发度较低的正辛烷模拟原油,用十二烷基苯磺酸钠模拟油田废水中的表面活性剂,用氯化锂模拟地下卤水中的锂盐,将其混合后乳化,再用水稀释为模拟含锂油田废水,其在一周内没有发现有机物析出和COD明显变化,方便进行光催化材料应用性能评价。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将硫酸氧钛240g(1.5mol)和三氯化锑11.4g(0.5mol)溶于500ml去离子水中,用4mol/L的氨水中和到pH=9-11,形成氢氧化锑和氢氧化锑的白色共沉淀,过滤分离沉淀物,用去离子水洗涤。将沉淀物分散在2L 0.8 mol/L的草酸水溶液中,在60-80℃下加热胶溶2 h,用去离子水稀释得到固体质量分数为10%的纳米TiO2+Sb2O3水溶胶5340g。
将正硅酸乙酯208g(1.0mol)、甲基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂17.8g(0.1mol),搅拌分散在含有磷酸58g(0.6mol)、硝酸银34g(0.2mol)、乙醇920g(20mol)和水360g(20mol) 的混合溶液中,在室温下进行水解反应24-48h,用去离子水调整得到固体质量分数为10%的纳米SiO2+Ag2O水溶胶1600g。
将250g空心玻璃珠放入固体质量分数为10%的多聚硅酸锂水溶液500 g中浸渍,使其表面涂覆厚度为0.5-5μm的硅酸锂水溶胶膜,然后放入120℃的干燥箱中烘干,得到275g经过镀膜预处理的空心玻璃珠。
将固体质量分数为10%的纳米TiO2+Sb2O3水溶胶5340g、固体质量分数为10%的纳米SiO2+Ag2O水溶胶1600g和固体质量分数为10%的多聚硅酸锂水溶胶1800g混合,形成 固体质量分数为10%的混合水溶胶8740g。将混合水溶胶喷洒涂覆在经过镀膜预处理的275 g空心玻璃珠上,搅拌使混合水溶胶涂覆均匀,溶剂挥发后在150℃下烘干,然后放入700℃的高温炉中烧结0.5h,冷却后形成光催化材料锂盐的前驱体约624g。
将光催化材料锂盐前驱体浸渍在4000mL浓度为0.25mol/L的硫酸水溶液中4h,固体分离后用去离子水洗涤,在105℃下干燥,得到光催化材料600g;光催化材料的质量组成为:TiO2 20%, Sb2O5 12.2%, Ag2O 3%,Li2O 0.5%,SiO2 17.7%, P2O5 5%,载体41.6%;比重为850kg/m3,比表面积为24m2/g。
实施例2
向一个直径300mm,高1000mm的圆柱形废水空气曝气处理试验装置中,加入COD为800 mg/L,锂含量为20mg/L的模拟油田含锂废水10L,加入实施例1制备的光催化材料100g,在室内自然光下,以1m3/h的流量通入压缩空气,对模拟油田含锂废水进行曝气处理10 h,取样测定处理前后模拟油田含锂废水中COD和锂含量的变化,COD去除率为30%,锂回收率为85%。
从试验装置圆柱形水池的底部排出其中的处理过的模拟油田含锂废水,重新加入模拟油田含锂废水10L,加入实施例1制备的光催化材料100g,打开位于水面顶部1米处的100W节能灯,以1000W/m2的光强度照射漂浮在模拟油田含锂废水表面的光催化材料,通入压缩空气对模拟含锂油田废水进行曝气处理10 h,取样测定处理前后模拟含锂油田废水的COD和锂离子含量的变化,COD去除率为85%,锂回收率为87%。
将模拟油田含锂废水中分离出的光催化材料浸渍在200mL摩尔浓度为0.25mol/L的硫酸水溶液中4h,使光催化材料中的锂原子脱附形成可溶性的硫酸锂,测得光催化材料的锂吸附容量为2.4mg/g;分别用质量分数为1%的过氧化氢水溶液50mL和去离子水洗涤光催化材料表面的有机物后循环测试,COD去除率为83%,锂回收率为84%,再生的光催化材料性能没有发生明显改变。
Claims (3)
1.一种含锂废水处理光催化材料,其特征在于光催化材料具有核壳结构,内核是轻质玻璃载体材料,外壳是纳米SiO2、TiO2、Sb2O5 、P2O5、Ag2O 、Li2O热化学反应形成复盐的酸洗产物;光催化材料同时具有锂离子选择吸附功能;光催化材料的质量组成为: TiO2 20%-30%, Sb2O5 10%-15%,P2O5 2%-5%, Ag2O 1%-3%,Li2O 0.3%-0.9%, SiO2 15%-30%,轻质玻璃载体材料40%-50%;比重为750-950kg/m3,比表面积为5-50m2/g,对模拟油田含锂废水的COD去除率为82%-92%,锂回收率为80%-90%,锂吸附容量为2-5mg/g;由涂覆在轻质玻璃载体材料表面的光催化材料前驱体水溶胶形成凝胶膜,然后在500-700℃下烧结,进一步用硫酸水溶液浸渍脱锂形成;所述轻质玻璃载体材料是比重小于500kg/m3的玻璃纤维制品、泡沫玻璃制品或中空玻璃微球之一。
2.一种含锂废水处理光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括纳米TiO2-Sb2O3水溶胶制备、纳米SiO2-Ag2O水溶胶制备、轻质玻璃载体材料镀膜预处理、光催化材料锂盐前驱体制备和光催化材料制备5个部分,具体步骤为:
(1)将硫酸氧钛和三氯化锑溶于去离子水中,用氨水将其中和到pH=9-11,形成氢氧化钛和氢氧化锑的白色共沉淀,控制原料投料摩尔比为Ti:Sb = 1:0.2-1;过滤分离沉淀物,用去离子水洗涤除去硫酸根和氯离子;将沉淀物分散在草酸水溶液中,控制投料摩尔比为:(Ti+Sb):草酸=1:1-2.5,在60-80℃下加热胶溶0.5-2 h,用去离子水稀释后得到固体质量分数为3%-10%的纳米TiO2-Sb2O3水溶胶;
(2)将正硅酸乙酯和有机硅偶联剂搅拌分散在含有磷酸和硝酸银的乙醇水溶液中,控制投料摩尔比为正硅酸乙酯:偶联剂:乙醇:水:磷酸:硝酸银=1:0.05-0.2: 20-50:20-50:0.1-0.3:0.05-0.1,在室温下进行水解反应24-48h,得到固体质量分数为3%-10%的纳米SiO2-Ag2O水溶胶,R是碳数为3-8的烷氧基、烷基、环氧烃基、氨基烃基或其混合物之一;所述有机硅偶联剂是甲基三乙氧基硅烷、偶联剂KH550、偶联剂KH560、偶联剂KH570、KH832或其混合物之一;
(3)将轻质玻璃载体材料在固体质量分数为3%-10%的多聚硅酸锂水溶液中浸渍,使其表面涂覆厚度0.5-5μ的硅酸锂水溶胶膜,在120-160℃下烘干,轻质玻璃载体材料表面形成硅酸锂干膜层,增大对光催化材料活性组分的附着力,也为光催化材料制备提供锂源;所述多聚硅酸锂是化学组成为Li2O·mSiO2,m=2-7的多聚硅酸锂水溶胶;
(4)将纳米TiO2-Sb2O3水溶胶、纳米SiO2-Ag2O水溶胶和硅酸锂水溶胶混合,控制投料摩尔比为:(Ti+Sb):Si:Li = 1:1-2:2-3,用去离子水稀释形成固体质量分数为3%-10%的混合水溶胶;将混合水溶胶喷洒涂覆在预处理后的轻质玻璃载体材料上,使混合水溶胶涂覆均匀,在105-150℃下烘干,然后放入500-700℃的高温炉中烧结0.5-3 h,冷却后形成光催化材料锂盐前驱体;
(5)将光催化材料锂盐前驱体浸渍在摩尔浓度0.25-0.5mol/L的硫酸水溶液中2-4h,控制投料摩尔比Li:H2SO4=1:0.5-1,固体分离后用去离子水洗涤,在105-120℃下干燥,得到光催化材料,TiO2 20%-30%, Sb2O5 10%-15%,P2O5 2%-5%, Ag2O 1%-3%,Li2O 0.3%-0.9%, SiO215%-30%,轻质玻璃载体材料40%-50%,对模拟油田含锂废水的COD去除率为82%-92%,锂回收率为80%-90%,锂吸附容量为2-5mg/g。
3.一种含锂废水处理光催化材料的应用方法,其特征在于以模拟油田含锂废水为处理标的和锂资源利用标的,光催化材料在室内自然光照射下、光催化材料在强光照射下和再生光催化材料在强光照射下分别测定其COD去除率和锂离子回收率,以优化选择应用条件,具体步骤为:
(1)向一个直径300mm,高1000mm的圆柱形废水空气曝气处理试验装置中,加入模拟油田含锂废水10L,按照模拟含锂油田废水体积3-10g/L的比例加入光催化材料,在室内自然光下,以0.5-1m3/h的流量通入压缩空气,对模拟含锂油田废水进行曝气处理10 h,取样测定处理前后模拟油田含锂废水中的COD和锂含量变化,COD去除率为46%-60%,锂回收率为80%-85%;所述模拟油田含锂废水是正辛烷、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和氯化锂的水溶液,COD为800-1200mg/L,锂含量为20-30mg/L;
(2)从试验装置圆柱形水池的底部排出其中的处理过的模拟含锂油田废水,重新加入模拟油田含锂废水10L,按照模拟含锂油田废水体积3-10g/L的比例加入光催化材料,打开位于水面顶部1米处的100W节能灯,以1000W/m2的光强度照射漂浮在模拟含锂油田废水表面的光催化材料,以0.5-1m3/h的流量通入压缩空气对模拟油田含锂废水进行曝气处理10h,取样测定处理前后模拟含锂油田废水中COD和锂离子含量的变化;COD去除率为82%-92%,锂回收率为80%-90%;
(3)将分离出的光催化材料浸渍在摩尔浓度0.25-0.5mol/L的硫酸水溶液中2-4 h,控制投料摩尔比Li:H2SO4=1:1-2.5,使锂离子脱附形成可溶性的硫酸锂,测得光催化材料的锂离子吸附容量为2-5mg/g;分别用过氧化氢水溶液和去离子水洗涤光催化材料表面的有机物后循环使用,再生光催化材料的COD去除率为82%-92%,锂回收率为80%-90% 。
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