CN115068667A - 一种生物活性纳米止血海绵及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种生物活性纳米止血海绵及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115068667A CN115068667A CN202210851923.2A CN202210851923A CN115068667A CN 115068667 A CN115068667 A CN 115068667A CN 202210851923 A CN202210851923 A CN 202210851923A CN 115068667 A CN115068667 A CN 115068667A
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Abstract
本发明属于医用止血材料技术领域,具体涉及一种具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵及其制备方法和应用,其结构为由分散的纳米纤维相互交联形成的纳米多孔三维结构;纳米多孔三维结构为气凝胶结构或疏松海绵结构;以脱细胞真皮基质等生物活性材料及中草药为原料,通过气凝胶技术及静电纺纳米海绵技术制备出气凝胶海绵和疏松海绵,具有高孔隙率、高表面积、高吸血率、低堆积密度和超轻等特性,可大幅度增强止血材料的止血性能和生物相容性。整体而言,脱细胞真皮基质纳米止血海绵制备成本低,制备方法简单,能够实现大规模量产,市场前景广阔。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于医用止血材料技术领域,具体涉及一种具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵及其制备方法和应用,以脱细胞真皮基质等生物活性材料及中草药为原料,通过气凝胶技术及静电纺纳米海绵技术制备出气凝胶海绵和疏松海绵,具有高孔隙率、高表面积、高吸血率、低堆积密度和超轻等特性,可大幅度增强止血材料的止血性能和生物相容性。
背景技术:
随着人民生活水平的不断提高,人们对于伤口愈合的关注度和愈合要求也不断提高。伤口愈合主要由止血、炎症、增殖和重塑四个阶段组成,而伤口的快速止血过程作为伤口愈合的第一阶段发挥着至关重要的作用。人体固有的止血系统无法迅速止血,需要止血材料来促进、增强、补偿或模拟自然止血机制。因此,使用止血材料快速有效地控制出血对创伤急救至关重要。理想的止血材料不仅要能快速控制血管或内脏器官出血,同时要具有良好的生物相容性、操作方便、价格低廉等优点。目前,越来越多的病人希望能够使用具备多种功能的止血敷料,即敷料作用于创面后,不仅能使伤口快速止血,同时还可促进伤口缺损组织快速修复。已有研究表明天然来源的材料具备良好的生物相容性和促进组织再生的能力。因此,开发一种具有高止血效率和促进组织再生的天然来源的止血材料是目前的研究趋势。
目前,纳米材料因其优异的止血性能而被广泛应用于伤口愈合。已有研究表明,纳米材料覆盖伤口表面时,能够同时激活内源性和外源性凝血系统,促进血液形成血凝块,从而达到快速止血的目的。在诸多制备纳米材料的技术方法中,静电纺丝技术是一种在高压静电作用下,将聚合物溶液制备成直径为微/纳米级别纤维材料的高度通用技术。静电纺丝制备的生物可降解材料已被广泛应用于生物医药领域。由静电纺丝技术制备的纳米海绵,是纳米级颗粒或聚合物分子链的相互聚集而形成的纳米多孔结构。在纳米孔洞中充满气态分散介质的三维多孔轻质固体材料,具有高孔隙率、高表面积、高吸血率、低堆积密度和超轻等特性,不仅可大幅度增强材料的止血性能,还可帮助缺损组织快速建立一个能够模拟天然细胞外基质结构和功能的微环境。目前尚未发现关于具有本研究制备多种功能天然材料成分以及涉及的两种结构纳米止血海绵的研究报道。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵及其两种制备方法,该纳米止血海绵具有超高效的止血性能和优良的生物相容性。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵,其主体结构为分散的纳米纤维相互交联形成的纳米多孔三维结构,纳米纤维的成分为天然来源的生物材料。
所述纳米多孔三维结构有两种,一种是气凝胶结构,另一种是疏松海绵结构。
所述天然来源的生物材料为脱细胞真皮基质、丝素蛋白、明胶、胶原蛋白、壳聚糖中的一种或几种,其中脱细胞真皮基质、明胶和胶原蛋白为将鱼皮通过物理和化学方法脱细胞制成。
所述纳米纤维的成分还包括还包括中草药活性成分。
所述中草药活性成分为槲皮素、柚皮苷、三七、蒲黄、黄连、金银花、连翘、黄岑、板蓝根和黄花地丁中的至少一种。
本发明还提供所述具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵的制备方法,具体步骤包括:
(1)制备纺丝液:以生物材料或生物材料及中草药活性成分为原料制备纺丝液;所述生物材料为鱼皮脱细胞真皮基质、鱼皮胶原蛋白、鱼皮明胶、丝素蛋白、壳聚糖中的一种或几种;
(2)制备纳米止血海绵:以步骤(1)制备的纺丝液为原料,通过双喷头静电纺丝法制备纳米海绵,再将纳米海绵使用戊二醛或者京尼平交联处理,得到疏松海绵结构的生物活性纳米止血海绵;或以步骤(1)制备的纺丝液为原料,通过静电纺丝法制备纳米纤维膜,再将纳米纤维膜溶于溶剂中进行均质,然后入模、冷冻干燥,将冻干样品使用戊二醛蒸气交联处理,得到气凝胶结构的生物活性纳米止血海绵。
所述步骤(1)中鱼皮脱细胞真皮基质、鱼皮胶原蛋白、鱼皮明胶的制备方法具体步骤为:取新鲜鱼皮组织,用氯化钠水溶液浸泡,然后转移至胰蛋白酶水溶液中磁力搅拌,并用真空管冷冻干燥机冻干样品,实现鱼皮组织的去表皮、脱细胞处理,从而得到脱细胞真皮基质;将制得的脱细胞鱼皮充分均匀溶解在高浓度醋酸溶液中,并以低浓度溶液醋酸溶液进行透析,真空冷冻干燥后得到鱼皮胶原蛋白;将制得的脱细胞鱼皮溶解在去离子水中,经透析除杂,冷冻干燥后得到鱼皮明胶;纺丝液的制备步骤为:将生物材料或生物材料及中草药活性成分分散于六氟异丙醇溶剂中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到纺丝液;
所述氯化钠水溶液浓度为:0.1g/mL;
所述胰蛋白水溶液浓度为:0.04g/mL,磁力搅拌的转速为300rpm;
所述冷冻干燥时间为:24h;
所述醋酸的溶液浓度为:高浓度醋酸溶液浓度为0.5mol/L,低浓度醋酸溶液浓度为0.1mol/L。
所述步骤(2)中制备气凝胶结构的生物活性纳米止血海绵的具体步骤为:将平板作为接收装置,使用纺丝液进行单针头静电纺丝,得到生物材料或负载中草药活性成分的生物材料纳米纤维膜;将该纳米纤维膜分散于溶剂中,使用高速匀浆机均质溶液,得到纳米短纤维均质液;将该纳米短纤维均质液倒入模具中,经冰箱预冻、冷冻干燥,戊二醛或者京尼平交联处理后,得到气凝胶结构的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵;
所述静电纺丝参数为:电压为10-15kV,流速为1-3mL/h,接收距离为15-20cm;
所述溶剂为叔丁醇,纳米纤维膜与叔丁醇的质量比为0.03g-0.05g:1g;
所述高速匀浆机均质溶液的转速为10000-15000rpm,均质时间为0.5-1h;
所述预冻条件为:-20℃预冻0.5-1h,-80℃冷冻过夜;
所述冷冻干燥时间为24h;
所述交联时间为1-2h。
所述步骤(2)中制备疏松海绵结构的生物活性纳米止血海绵的具体步骤为:将纺丝液分为两份,分别用单针头相对进行静电纺丝,相对的两个针头连线中点上方设立喇叭型转辊作为接收装置,静电纺丝得到疏松纳米海绵,然后将疏松纳米海绵进行戊二醛蒸汽交联处理,得到疏松结构的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵;
静电纺丝参数为:电压为10-15kV,流速为0.01-3mL/min,两针头针尖相对,相距距离为80-100cm,喇叭型转辊作为接收装置位于两个针头连线中点上方10-25cm处,转辊转速为100-300rpm,两针头向转棍方向扬起的角度在0-45°之间;
所述交联时间为1-24h。
本发明还提供所述具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵在制备止血材料中的应用。
本发明所述纳米止血海绵有两种结构形式,一种是气凝胶结构,另一种是疏松结构,分别由两种方法制备而成。两种结构均是由分散的脱细胞真皮基质、丝素蛋白、明胶、胶原蛋白或壳聚糖纳米纤维相互交联形成的纳米多孔三维结构,孔内充满空气。气凝胶纳米止血海绵可以按需通过不同的模具制备出具有较强的力学性能的不同三维结构,抗压缩能力强;而疏松纳米止血海绵则更加疏松柔软,内部有较高的孔隙率和较大的孔径,外观形貌类似于目前临床应用的医用海绵,可随时按需取用,有较强的可塑性。
本发明选用脱细胞真皮基质、丝素蛋白、明胶、胶原蛋白或壳聚糖作为制备止血海绵的原材料。脱细胞真皮基质来源广泛,可利用鱼皮、猪皮和牛皮等经过物理和化学方法将组织去表皮、脱细胞制备而成;其主要由纤维性结构构成,包括多种胶原蛋白以及层黏连蛋白、硫酸角质素、弹力素和纤维结合素等,具有无菌、低毒性、无免疫原性、高弹性、质地柔软等特点。另外,脱细胞真皮基质可引导宿主成纤维细胞向内部生长,促进毛细血管形成,并逐渐被宿主改建重塑,具有极佳的生物相容性。整体而言,脱细胞真皮基质纳米止血海绵制备成本低,制备技术简单,可实现大规模量产,有利于产品市场化。中药活性成分的加入可赋予止血海绵抗炎,抗氧化,抗菌,加速伤口愈合等功能。
本发明所述两种结构形式的纳米止血海绵在覆盖伤口表面时不仅可以吸收达自身重量1000%以上的血液,同时可以激活内源性和外源性凝血系统,促进血液形成血凝块,达到伤口愈合第一阶段快速止血的目的。此外在伤口愈合的增殖阶段,气凝胶和疏松纳米海绵还可模仿细胞外基质的功能和结构,加之脱细胞真皮基质极佳的生物相容性,使其可以促进成纤维细胞增殖和毛细血管形成,帮助伤口更快速愈合。本发明提出了具有生物活性和超高效止血性能的气凝胶纳米止血海绵和疏松纳米止血海绵的概念模型,目前主要针对急性伤口、烧伤伤口愈合做进一步的研究,在创面止血和组织工程修复中具有重要的研究意义和应用价值。
本发明与现有技术相比,有益效果为:
(1)本发明创新性地选取富含多种促细胞生长物质的脱细胞真皮基质、丝素蛋白、明胶、胶原蛋白、壳聚糖作为制备纳米止血材料的基础原材料,使纳米止血材料具有极佳的生物相容性及极低的免疫原性;
(2)本发明创新性的将气凝胶技术及静电纺纳米海绵技术应用于伤口止血领域,设计出的止血纳米材料具有超高效的止血效率;本发明纳米止血海绵的原材料来源广泛,制备方法简单环保,可实现大规模量产,有利于产品市场化,也为纳米材料的功能化提供了新思路。
(3)中药活性成分的加入可赋予纳米海绵抗炎,抗氧化,抗菌,加速伤口愈合等功能。
附图说明:
图1为本发明涉及的实施例1新鲜鱼皮实物图、脱细胞鱼皮实物图和鱼皮脱细胞真皮基质实物图;其中A为新鲜鱼皮实物图,B为脱细胞鱼皮实物图,C为鱼皮脱细胞真皮基质实物图。
图2为本发明涉及的实施例2制备的负载中药的脱细胞真皮基质纳米纤维膜实物图、扫描电子显微镜和接触角测试图;其中A为负载中药的脱细胞真皮基质纳米纤维膜实物图;B为扫描电子显微镜和接触角测试图。
图3为本发明涉及的实施例2制备的气凝胶纳米止血海绵实物图及扫描电子显微镜图;其中A为气凝胶纳米止血海绵实物图,B和C均为气凝胶纳米止血海绵扫描电子显微镜图。
图4为本发明涉及的实施例3制备的疏松纳米止血海绵的实物图及扫描电子显微镜图;其中A为疏松纳米止血海绵的实物图,B为疏松纳米止血海绵扫描电子显微镜图。
图5为本发明涉及的实施例6负载中药的脱细胞真皮基质纳米纤维膜生物相容性实验结果示意图。
图6为本发明涉及的实施例7气凝胶纳米止血海绵吸血前后实物图及吸血后扫描电子显微镜图;A为气凝胶纳米止血海绵吸血前实物图,B为气凝胶纳米止血海绵吸血后实物图,C为气凝胶纳米止血海绵吸血后扫描电子显微镜图。
图7为本发明涉及的实施例7中交联前后气凝胶纳米止血海绵吸血能力实验结果示意图。
图8为本发明涉及的实施例8交联疏松纳米止血海绵吸血前后实物图;A为交联疏松纳米止血海绵吸血前实物图,B为交联疏松纳米止血海绵吸血后实物图。
图9为本发明涉及的实施例8中交联前后疏松纳米止血海绵吸血能力实验结果示意图。
具体实施方式:
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:
本实施例涉及脱细胞真皮基质、胶原蛋白和明胶的制备方法,本实施例采用鱼皮进行制备。
所述脱细胞真皮基质的制备方法具体步骤包括:
(1)制备脱细胞鱼皮:
制备氯化钠溶液:将1g氯化钠溶解于10mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌至完全溶解,得到氯化钠溶液;
制备胰蛋白酶溶液:将0.8g胰蛋白酶溶解于20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌至完全溶解,得到胰蛋白酶溶液;
将1g新鲜鱼皮浸泡于10mL氯化钠溶液中24h,取出后用去离子水洗净并浸泡于洁净去离子水中12h,然后将鱼皮置于20mL步骤(2)制备的胰蛋白酶溶液中磁力搅拌30min,得到脱细胞鱼皮;
(2)制备鱼皮脱细胞真皮基质:将脱细胞鱼皮用去离子水冲洗干净,放入冷冻干燥机(-60℃)24h冻干,得到鱼皮脱细胞真皮基质。
所述胶原蛋白的制备方法具体步骤如下:
(1)制备脱细胞鱼皮:具体步骤同上述脱细胞真皮基质的制备方法的步骤(1);
(2)制备鱼皮胶原蛋白:
制备高浓度醋酸溶液:将0.75mol的醋酸加入到1.5L去离子水中,磁力搅拌至完全溶解,得到高浓度醋酸溶液;
制备低浓度醋酸溶液:将0.5mol的醋酸加入到5L去离子水中,磁力搅拌至完全溶解,得到低浓度醋酸溶液;
将10g脱细胞鱼皮加入1L高浓度醋酸溶液中,于4℃条件下磁力搅拌24h;用纱布过滤去除残渣,留取上清液;将氯化钠固体加入上清液至溶液饱和,静置过夜得到盐析液;将盐析液以2000rpm的转速离心20min,弃上清取沉淀部分溶解于0.5L高浓度醋酸溶液;将溶液注入透析袋,用5L低浓度醋酸溶液透析1d,再用5L去离子水透析2d;期间每天更换透析液2次;取出透析袋中固体,放入冷冻干燥机冻干48h得到鱼皮胶原蛋白。
所述明胶的制备方法具体步骤如下:
(1)制备脱细胞鱼皮:具体步骤同上述脱细胞真皮基质的制备方法的步骤(1)
(2)制备鱼皮明胶:将10g脱细胞鱼皮加入1L去离子水,维持水温在55℃条件下磁力搅拌4h得到匀浆液;将匀浆液以2000rpm的转速离心20min,收集上清液,将上清液放入冻干机,冷冻干燥72h,得到鱼皮明胶。
实施例2:
本实施例涉及气凝胶结构的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵(以下简称气凝胶纳米止血海绵)的制备方法,以实施例1制备的脱细胞真皮基质及槲皮素为原料进行制备,具体步骤包括:
(1)制备负载中药的脱细胞真皮基质纺丝液:将0.3g脱细胞真皮基质剪成0.5×0.5cm的正方形,以及称取0.05g槲皮素,将二者溶于5mL六氟异丙醇中,常温下磁力搅拌至完全溶解,得到负载中药的脱细胞真皮基质纺丝液;
(2)制备负载中药的脱细胞基质纳米纤维膜:取5mL负载中药的脱细胞真皮基质纺丝液,将普通平板作为接收装置,将纺丝液吸入5mL规格注射器中,连接21号不锈钢针头并与13kV高压相连接,流速为3mL/h,持续时间1.5h,得到负载中药的脱细胞真皮基质纳米纤维膜;
(3)制备气凝胶结构的纳米止血海绵:将负载中药的脱细胞真皮基质纳米纤维膜剪成0.5×0.5cm的正方形后溶于10g叔丁醇中,使用高速匀浆机均质溶液,转速为10000rpm,持续时间为0.5h,得到负载中药的脱细胞真皮基质纳米纤维膜均质液;将均质液转移到模具中,放入-20℃冰箱预冻0.5h,再放入-80℃冰箱过夜,然后放入冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥24h,将冻干后样品使用戊二醛蒸汽交联2h,得到气凝胶纳米止血海绵。
实施例3:
本实施例涉及疏松结构的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵(以下简称疏松纳米止血海绵)的制备方法,以实施例1制备的脱细胞真皮基质及槲皮素为原料进行制备,具体步骤包括:
(1)制备负载中药的脱细胞真皮基质纺丝液:将0.8g脱细胞真皮基质剪成0.5×0.5cm的正方形,称取0.05g槲皮素,将二者溶于10mL六氟异丙醇中,常温下磁力搅拌至完全溶解,得到脱细胞真皮基质纺丝液;
(2)制备疏松结构的脱细胞真皮基质纳米止血海绵:将10mL脱细胞真皮基质纺丝液吸入两个5mL规格注射器,连接不锈钢针头相对放置,两针头向上倾斜15°,针尖相对距离为80cm,并分别与13kV高压相连接,流速皆为3mL/h,针头连线中点上方20cm处设立转速为100rpm的喇叭型转辊作为接收装置,持续时间1.5h,即得疏松纳米海绵;将纳米海绵使用戊二醛蒸汽交联1h,得到疏松纳米止血海绵。
实施例4:
本实施例涉及疏松结构的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵的制备方法,以市售的丝素蛋白及槲皮素为原料进行制备,具体步骤包括:
(1)制备负载中药的纺丝液:准确称取1.2g丝素蛋白和0.06g槲皮素,将二者溶于10mL六氟异丙醇中,常温下磁力搅拌至完全溶解,得到纺丝前体溶液;
(2)制备疏松结构的丝素纳米止血海绵:将10mL纺丝液吸入两个5mL规格注射器,连接不锈钢针头相对放置,两针头向上倾斜15°,针尖相对距离为80cm,并分别与13kV高压相连接,流速皆为0.03mL/min,针头连线中点上方20cm处设立转速为100rpm的喇叭型转辊作为接收装置,持续时间2.5h,即得疏松纳米海绵。将纳米海绵使用戊二醛蒸汽交联5h,得到疏松纳米止血海绵。
实施例5:
本实施例涉及疏松结构的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵的制备方法,以实施例1中提取的鱼皮胶原蛋白为原料进行制备,具体步骤包括:
(1)制备纺丝液:准确称取3g鱼皮胶原蛋白,溶于10mL六氟异丙醇中,常温下磁力搅拌至完全溶解,得到纺丝前体溶液;
(2)制备疏松结构的胶原纳米止血海绵:将10mL纺丝液吸入两个5mL规格注射器,连接不锈钢针头相对放置,两针头向上倾斜15°,针尖相对距离为80cm,并分别与10kV高压相连接,流速皆为0.03mL/min,针头连线中点上方20cm处设立转速为200rpm的喇叭型转辊作为接收装置,持续时间2.5h,即得纳米海绵;将纳米海绵浸泡在质量百分比浓度为1%的京尼平溶液中,交联24h,去离子水浸泡清洗24h,经烘干得到疏松纳米止血海绵。
实施例6:
本实施例为实施例2制备的脱细胞纳米纤维膜的体外生物相容性实验,具体步骤为:将普通玻片作为对照组,制备好的脱细胞纳米纤维膜(简称ADM膜)用打孔器制备成直径为1cm大小的圆片状实验样本作为实验组,直径为1cm大小的圆型玻片(Glass)作为对照组,放入24孔板,乙醇蒸汽及紫外线照射杀菌后每孔接种成纤维细胞0.8×104个,在第1、3、5、7天使用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)对成纤维细胞增殖活性进行测定:每孔中加入含有10%的CCK-8试剂的培养基,在37℃,5%CO2培养箱中孵育2h,之后使用多功能酶标仪在450nm处测定每孔内含CCK-8试剂培养基的吸光度(即OD值),OD值越高说明细胞数量越多。从而评估脱细胞纳米纤维膜的生物相容性,结果见图4。接种到ADM膜上的成纤维细胞数量逐天增加,说明在成纤维细胞在ADM膜上增殖情况良好,即脱细胞纳米纤维具有极佳的生物相容性和促进成纤维细胞增值的性能。
实施例7:
本实施例为实施例2制备的交联后的气凝胶纳米止血海绵吸血能力实验,具体步骤为:将气凝胶纳米止血海绵样品预称重(W0)并拍照记录,放入培养皿中,培养皿中加入含抗凝剂的绵羊全血,在室温下溶胀,在第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20和21分钟,用滤纸吸去样品表面残留水,使用电子天平测量湿样品的重量(Wt)并拍照记录,对吸血后的气凝胶纳米止血海绵乙醇梯度脱水,再扫描电子显微镜拍摄,结果如图6所示;计算吸血率,实验结果见图7。吸血率计算公式如下:
吸血率%=(Wt-W0)/(W0)×100%
图6所示,戊二醛蒸汽交联后的气凝胶海绵吸血后保持较完整的外型,有助于维持止血海绵的稳定性;扫描电子显微镜观察到血细胞附着在气凝胶的表面和孔隙中,其纳米纤维相互交联形成的纳米多孔三维结构能够促进血液的渗透和红细胞、血小板的聚集。
用实施例2制备的戊二醛蒸汽交联前的气凝胶海绵按上述步骤进行吸血率实验,结果见图7。
图7所示,戊二醛蒸汽交联前后的气凝胶海绵皆可以吸收达到自身重量1000%以上的血液。在维持外型稳定的情况下能够快速吸收创面大量游离血液并促进血液凝固是止血海绵快速止血的关键。综合评估,戊二醛蒸汽交联后的气凝胶海绵既可以快速吸收大量游离血液促进血液凝固,又可以维持稳定的外观形状对伤口进行压迫,是较佳的气凝胶止血海绵选择。
实施例8:
本实施例为实施例3制备的交联后疏松纳米止血海绵吸血能力实验,具体步骤为:将纳米止血海绵样品预称重(W0)并拍照记录,放入培养皿中;培养皿中加入含抗凝剂的绵羊全血,在室温下溶胀,在第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20和21分钟,用滤纸吸去样品表面残留水,使用电子天平测量湿样品的重量(Wt)并拍照记录,结果如图8所示;计算吸血率,实验结果见图9。吸血率计算公式如下:
吸血率%=(Wt–W0)/(W0)×100%
图8所示,戊二醛蒸汽交联后的疏松结构止血海绵吸血后保持稳定的外型,且疏松的外型和可塑性无较大变化,具有即取即用,灵活多变的特点。
用实施例3制备的交联前的松纳米止血海绵进行吸血能力实验,结果见图9。
图9所示,戊二醛蒸汽交联后的疏松结构止血海绵可迅速吸收相当于自身重量1000%左右的血液,有助于快速止血,是较佳的疏松结构止血海绵选择。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵,其特征在于,其结构为由分散的纳米纤维相互交联形成的纳米多孔三维结构;纳米纤维的成分为天然来源的生物材料;纳米多孔三维结构为气凝胶结构或疏松海绵结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵,其特征在于,所述天然来源的生物材料为脱细胞真皮基质、丝素蛋白、明胶、胶原蛋白、壳聚糖中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵,其特征在于,纳米纤维的成分还包括中草药活性成分,中草药活性成分为槲皮素、柚皮苷、三七、蒲黄、黄连、金银花、连翘、黄岑、板蓝根和黄花地丁中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤包括:
(1)制备纺丝液:以生物材料或生物材料及中草药活性成分为原料制备纺丝液;所述生物材料为鱼皮脱细胞真皮基质、鱼皮胶原蛋白、鱼皮明胶、丝素蛋白、壳聚糖中的一种或几种;
(2)制备纳米止血海绵:通过静电纺丝法制备纳米海绵,再将纳米海绵加热交联处理,得到疏松结构的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵;或通过静电纺丝法制备纳米纤维支架,再将纳米纤维支架溶于溶剂中进行均质,然后入模、冷冻干燥,将冻干样品加热交联处理,得到气凝胶结构的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵。
5.根据权利要求4所述的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中制备气凝胶结构的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵的具体步骤为:将平板作为接收装置,使用脱细胞真皮基质纺丝液进行单针头静电纺丝,得到生物材料或负载中草药活性成分的生物材料纳米纤维支架;将该纳米纤维支架分散于溶剂中,使用高速匀浆机均质溶液,得到纳米短纤维均质液;将纳米短纤维均质液倒入模具中,经冰箱预冻、冷冻干燥,将冻干样品加热交联处理,得到脱细胞真皮基质气凝胶纳米止血海绵。
6.根据权利要求4所述的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中制备疏松结构的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵的具体步骤为:将纺丝液分为两份,分别用单针头相对进行静电纺丝,相对的两个针头连线中点上方设立喇叭型转辊作为接收装置,静电纺丝得到疏松纳米海绵,然后将疏松纳米海绵进行戊二醛蒸汽交联处理,得到疏松结构的纳米止血海绵。
7.根据权利要求5所述的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,静电纺丝参数为:电压为10-15kV,流速为1-3mL/h,接收距离为15-20cm;
所述溶剂为叔丁醇,纳米纤维膜与叔丁醇的质量比为0.03g-0.05g:1g;
所述高速匀浆机均质溶液的转速为10000-15000rpm,均质时间为0.5-1h;
所述预冻条件为:-20℃预冻0.5-1h,-80℃冷冻过夜;
所述冷冻干燥时间为24h;
所述交联时间为1-2h。
8.根据权利要求6所述的具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述静电纺丝参数为:电压为10-15kV,流速为0.01-0.03mL/min,两针头针尖相对,相距距离为80-100cm,喇叭型转辊作为接收装置位于两个针头连线中点上方10-25cm处,转辊转速为100-300rpm,两针头向转棍方向扬起的角度在0-45°之间;
所述交联时间为1-24h。
9.如权利要求1所述具有生物活性的纳米止血海绵在制备止血材料中的应用。
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