CN115067332A - 一种用于干扰斜纹夜蛾成虫交配的迷向剂及应用 - Google Patents

一种用于干扰斜纹夜蛾成虫交配的迷向剂及应用 Download PDF

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CN115067332A
CN115067332A CN202210837177.1A CN202210837177A CN115067332A CN 115067332 A CN115067332 A CN 115067332A CN 202210837177 A CN202210837177 A CN 202210837177A CN 115067332 A CN115067332 A CN 115067332A
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宁君
王留洋
杨超霞
梅向东
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Abstract

本发明公开了属于生物防治技术领域的一种用于干扰斜纹夜蛾成虫交配的迷向剂及应用。所述斜纹夜蛾迷向剂组分为顺‑9，反‑11‑十四碳二烯‑2‑苯基‑丙酸酯，顺‑9，反‑11‑十四碳二烯‑3‑苯基‑丁酸酯，顺‑9，反‑11‑十四碳二烯‑4‑苯基‑戊酸酯中的任一种或其组合物，将上述迷向剂成分与缓释液混合后得到母液，并将所述母液加入到聚乙烯毛细管中，即可得到迷向丝。将迷向丝悬挂于蔬菜田，每公顷设置450‑600根迷向丝，可以显著干扰斜纹夜蛾雌虫同雄虫的交配活动，迷向率可达90%以上。本发明的迷向剂可在田间长期缓慢释放，成本低，操作方便，且对环境和天敌安全，对于斜纹夜蛾的绿色防控具有重要意义。

Description

一种用于干扰斜纹夜蛾成虫交配的迷向剂及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及属于生物防治技术领域，具体涉及一种用于干扰斜纹夜蛾成虫交配的迷向剂及应用。
背景技术
斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura属鳞翅目，夜蛾科，是一种世界性分布的杂食性和暴食性农业害虫，在亚洲、欧洲及非洲均有分布。研究报道，斜纹夜蛾食性杂，喜食蔬菜、粮食作物、花卉、果树、烟草、茶、牧草等109科、近390种植物。成虫夜出活动，飞翔力较强，具趋光性和趋化性。该虫每年发生4～6代，有些地区高达 7～8代，且世代重叠严重，给田间调查和防治增加了难度。目前，化学杀虫剂依然是防治斜纹夜蛾的重要手段，但伴随着化学农药的长期大量使用，斜纹夜蛾对多种杀虫剂产生了不同程度的抗药性，因此，亟需绿色、安全、高效的技术来防控斜纹夜蛾。
昆虫性信息素诱杀害虫技术为斜纹夜蛾的防治提供了新途径。近些年来，由于昆虫性信息素具有专一性强，灵敏度高、对环境友好等优点，进而受到人们的欢迎。昆虫性信息素诱杀害虫原理为通过在田间释放人工合成的性信息素，吸引田间同种类寻求交配的雄蛾，将其诱杀在诱捕器中，使雌虫失去交配机会，不能有效繁殖后代，以降低后代种群数量而达到防治该类害虫的目的。但随着研究逐渐深入，多数信息素组分在田间存在易挥发、结构不稳定、持效期短等劣势，近年来，性信息素类似物的研究已成为研究热点。信息素类似物是一类由人工合成，自然界中不存在的，与天然信息素结构类似、在昆虫的化学通讯系统中有一定影响的化学物质。目前，昆虫性信息素类似物已广泛用于虫情监测，干扰害虫交配，还能直接诱捕害虫，在害虫的综合治理中发挥着重要作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于干扰斜纹夜蛾成虫交配的迷向剂及应用。
一种用于干扰斜纹夜蛾成虫交配的迷向剂，其组分为顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-3-苯基-丁酸酯，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-4-苯基-戊酸酯中的任一种或其组合物。
可选地，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯或顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯 -3-苯基-丁酸酯或顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-4-苯基-戊酸酯含量为10-20mg，每公顷设置450-600根迷向丝；
优选地，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯10mg，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-3-苯基-丁酸酯5mg，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-4-苯基-戊酸酯5mg，每公顷设置450-600根迷向丝；
最佳地，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯10mg，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-3-苯基-丁酸酯5mg，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-4-苯基-戊酸酯5mg，每公顷设置600根迷向丝。
将迷向丝悬挂于斜纹夜蛾的发生地，可以显著干扰斜纹夜蛾雌虫同雄虫的交配活动，迷向率可达90％以上。
本发明的目的在于顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯，顺-9，反-11- 十四碳二烯-3-苯基-丁酸酯，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-4-苯基-戊酸酯中的任一种或其组合物通过聚氯乙烯毛细管缓慢释放到田间，当田间空气中散布的迷向组分达到一定程度时，即可达到阻断斜纹夜蛾种内化学通讯，降低其交配率。
本发明的迷向剂可在田间长期缓慢释放，成本低，操作方便，且对环境和天敌安全，可用于大面积防治斜纹夜蛾，对于该害虫的绿色防控具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯(S1)结构式
图2为顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-3-苯基-丁酸酯(S2)结构式
图3为顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-4-苯基-戊酸酯(S3)结构式
图4为S1、S2和S3总合成路线示意图
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，对但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例1斜纹夜蛾迷向剂成分的合成
以化合物顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯(S1)合成为例：将0.50g(2.38mmol)顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯醇加入到100mL的圆底烧瓶中，依次加入30mL重蒸除水的1,2-二氯乙烷，0.36g(3.57mmol)三乙胺，0.60g(3.57 mmol)2-苯基丙酰氯，然后在90℃回流反应4小时，TLC监测原料不再减少。反应结束，用去离子水淬灭反应，用饱和食盐水(20mL×3)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，粗产物经硅胶柱层析[洗脱剂，V(乙酸乙酯):V(石油醚) ＝1:100]纯化，得浅黄色油状液体0.69g，产率84.8％。
S1：顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯，淡黄色油状液体，收率84.8％；1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.35(m,5H),5.99(m,2H),5.47-5.61(m,2H),4.03(t, J＝8.0Hz,2H),3.71(m,1H),2.16(m,2H),2.02(m,2H),1.31-1.60(m,15H),0.78(t, J＝17.5Hz,3H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:173.7,135.4,134.4,132.2, 128.8-129.5(5C),127.5,122.5,65.5,40.4,28.9-30.0(5C),26.0-27.8(3C),14.5,13.7； HR-MS(ESI)m/z:Calcd forC23H34O2{[M+H]+}343.2673,found 343.2640。
S2：顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-3-苯基-丁酸酯，淡黄色油状液体，收率81.6％；1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.28(m,5H),5.99(m,2H),5.61(m,1H),5.46(m,1H), 4.13(t,J＝7.5Hz,2H),3.51(m,1H),2.52(m,2H),2.16(m,2H),2.02(m,2H),1.60(m, 2H),1.25-1.42(m,13H),0.78(t,J＝16.0Hz,3H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:173.1, 146.1,134.4,132.2,128.4-128.8(3C),126.1(3C),122.5,65.2,43.1,36.5, 27.9-30.0(6C),25.8-26.2(2C),20.0,14.4；HR-MS(ESI)m/z:Calcd for C24H36O2 {[M+H]+}357.2718,found 357.2703。
S3：顺-9,反-11-十四碳二烯-4-苯基-戊酸酯，淡黄色油状液体，收率76.9％；1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.26(m,5H),5.97-6.03(m,2H),5.48-5.61(m,2H), 4.13(t,J＝13.0Hz,2H),2.55(m,1H),2.35(m,2H),2.16(m,2H),1.95-2.02(m,4H), 1.60(m,2H),1.29-1.43(m,10H),1.16(m,3H),0.78(t,J＝10.5Hz,3H)；13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:173.1,147.1,134.4,132.1,128.1-128.8(5C),126.0,122.5, 65.2,38.2,28.9-31.8(7C),26.6-27.8(2C),25.8,20.8,14.3；HR-MS(ESI)m/z:Calcd for C25H38O2{[M+H]+}371.2983,found371.2952。
实施例2斜纹夜蛾迷向剂田间活性测定
为进一步明确斜纹夜蛾迷向剂田间使用参数，将制备的迷向丝施用于斜纹夜蛾发生的区域。实验田位于北京市延庆区旧县镇，实验面积约600亩，主要作物为十字花科蔬菜，辣椒等。将实验田分为3个小区，每个小区100亩左右，且每个小区相距不少于1000m。迷向剂含量5-20mg，每亩设置10-40根迷向丝，迷向丝悬挂作物上方10cm处。为进一步说明迷向效果，将斜纹夜蛾的性信息素组分顺-9，反-11-十四碳烯二烯乙酸酯、顺-9，反-12-十四碳烯二烯乙酸酯按照9:1的比例配制。
不同剂量、放置数量及抑制交配率如表1所示。
迷向丝 含量(mg) 每公顷设置数量 抑制交配率(％)
SP 5 600 46.3
SP 10 600 73.6
SP 20 600 87.9
S1 10 600 80.2
S2 5 600 56.4
S3 5 600 60.3
S1+S2 10+5 600 81.6
S1+S3 10+5 600 86.7
S2+S3 5+5 600 80.3
S1+S2+S3 10+5+5 150 26.7
S1+S2+S3 10+5+5 300 47.3
S1+S2+S3 10+5+5 450 90.3
S1+S2+S3 10+5+5 600 94.3
注：SP：顺-9，反-11-十四碳烯二烯乙酸酯+顺-9，反-12-十四碳烯二烯乙酸酯；S1：顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯；S2：顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-3-苯基-丁酸酯；S3：顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-4-苯基-戊酸酯。
试验结果表明，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-3-苯基-丁酸酯，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-4-苯基-戊酸酯均能对斜纹夜蛾产生迷向作用，且在与同等剂量下，迷向效果要由于性信息素组分顺-9，反-11- 十四碳烯二烯乙酸酯。同时，当设置密度大于450根/公顷时，三元混合物迷向效果更优，迷向率均超过90％。其中顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯10 mg，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-3-苯基-丁酸酯5mg，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-4- 苯基-戊酸酯5mg，每公顷设置600根迷向丝时，对斜纹夜蛾迷向效果最好。
从上面所述可以看出，本发明的斜纹夜蛾迷向剂能显著干扰斜纹夜蛾雌虫同雄虫的交配活动，当设置密度大于450根/公顷时，三元混合物迷向率可达 90％以上，可大面积推广使用。本发明的迷向剂可在田间长期缓慢释放，成本低，操作方便，且对环境和天敌安全，对于斜纹夜蛾的绿色防控具有重要意义。
以上公开的仅为本发明的具体实施例，但是，本发明并非局限于此，任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种迷向剂用于干扰斜纹夜蛾成虫交配的应用，所述迷向剂组分为顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-2-苯基-丙酸酯，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-3-苯基-丁酸酯，顺-9，反-11-十四碳二烯-4-苯基-戊酸酯中的任一种或其组合物，将上述迷向剂成分与缓释液混合后得到母液，并加入到长20 cm×内径1.6 mm×壁厚0.75 mm的聚乙烯毛细管中，即可得到迷向丝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的迷向剂用于干扰斜纹夜蛾成虫交配的应用，其特征在于，迷向剂有效组分含量为10-30 mg，每公顷设置450-600根迷向丝。
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