AU2021105220A4

AU2021105220A4 - Sex pheromone synergist for adults of small insects belonging to family noctuidae

Info

Publication number: AU2021105220A4
Application number: AU2021105220A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Ruxin FU; Xian HU; Li Li; Wei Liu; Lilin LUO
Original assignee: Guizhou Education University
Current assignee: Guizhou Education University
Priority date: 2020-11-17
Filing date: 2021-08-10
Publication date: 2021-10-07
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-10
Also published as: CN112514911A

Abstract

OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure discloses a sex pheromone synergist for adults of small insects belonging to the family noctuidae. The synergist is a mixture of linalool, nonanal and beta-ionone, where a ratio of the linalool, the nonanal and the beta-ionone is 4.1:1.7:1. According to a chemotaxis difference of lepidoptera fruit-boring noctuidae insect and by means of an addition of a sex attractant synergistic component, the sex pheromone synergist promotes a trapping effect, reduces a field population density, and improves monitoring efficiency and a prevention and control effect. In addition, the sex pheromone synergist is conductive to improving yield and quality of solanaceous vegetables and fruits.

Description

SEX PHEROMONE SYNERGIST FOR ADULTS OF SMALL INSECTS BELONGING TO FAMILY NOCTUIDAE TECHNICAL FIELD

[01] The present disclosure relates to a sex pheromone synergist for adults of small insects belonging to the family noctuidae and belongs to the technical field of insect trapping. The sex pheromone synergist is used to regulate courtship and mating behaviors of noctuidae insects and used for field monitoring and prevention and control of important fruit-boring pests of solanaceae crops (heliothis assulta andprodenialitura).

BACKGROUNDART

[02] The existing commercial lure is mainly composed of sex pheromone components of noctuidae insects, only has a single species trapping effect and cannot simultaneously conduct prediction and biological prevention and control of a plurality of noctuidae small moths.

[03] Many researches indicate that important fruit-boring pests of peppers mainly belong to species of lepidoptera noctuidae, such as heliothis assulta, prodenia litura, helicoverpa armigera, agrotis ypsilon and the like. The heliothis assulta and prodenia litura are distributed in tobacco areas and pepper planting areas all over the country, and have a mixed feeding habit and a wide host range. They can easily damage solanaceae crops such as tobacco, peppers, eggplants and tomatoes, especially tobacco and (sweet) peppers and can also damage crops of corn, sorghum, sunflowers, vetch, peas, cabbages, pumpkins, cotton and the like (Xia Zhongmin, et al., 2009). The larvae often damage flowers and fruits, and cause drop of flowers and fruits and fruit rot. When leaves are damaged, cavities are formed and the larvae even eat up mesophyll and only leave veins. When fruits of solanaceae crops such as peppers are damaged, the whole larvae enter the fruits to eat peels and placenta, produce threads in the fruits and leave a large amount of excrement. The larvae reduce edibility of the fruits, even seriously affect quality and yield of pepper fruits and are quite rampant in recent years. How to effectively prevent and control noctuidae fruit-boring pests becomes one of key points of a planting management link of solanaceous vegetables.

[04] Insect sex pheromones, also known as insect sex ectohormones, are trace chemical information substances secreted in vitro by a special secretion organ of an individual of a sex of the same insect and capable of being sensed by a heterosexual individual of the same species and causing corresponding behavioral responses or physiological effects (such as courtship, mating and the like) (Dujiawei, 1988). The insect sex pheromones can ensure a mutual connection between male and female insects in species and successful efficiency of population reproduction (Martin, 1978). Most sex pheromones are released by female adults to attract male adults and some species are also released by males to attract female adults. Based on the biological mechanism, artificially synthesized insect sex pheromones or analogs thereof, i.e., "insect sex attractants" (hereinafter "sex attractants") are researched and developed to interfere with or regulate reproductive behaviors of adult insects, and thus achieve a purpose of prevention and control. At present, more than 2000 kinds of insect sex pheromones or analogs thereof are identified and synthesized all over the world (Mengxizu, 1997). Dozens of kinds of the sex pheromones of important pests in agriculture, forestry, fruits, vegetables and the like are successfully developed in China and conditions are created for researching and applying the sex pheromones to control the pests.

[05] The insect sex pheromones are produced by specific glands or specialized cells, and the positions and forms of the glands vary with types of insects. For example, sex pheromone glands of female moths of the order lepidoptera, the family noctuidae, are located in the 8th and 9th uromere intemode membranes and formed by epithelial cell pits (Du Jiawei, 1988). Usually, the glands are retracted into the body and sex pheromone molecules are released out of the body by means of a gland stretching action during courtship to attract a heterosexual individual of the same species to mate. Male individuals of the heliothis assulta and heliothis armigera have a taste brush at an abdominal end that links to a basal gland (Huang Yongping et al., 1992). The main components of the sex pheromones of the heliothis assulta and prodenia litura are reported at home and abroad. Related researches have achieved remarkable results. The main components of the sex pheromones of the heliothis assulta are cis-9-hexadecenal and cis-11-hexadecenal (Zhao Xincheng et al., 2003), and the main component of the sex pheromones of the prodenia litura is acetate or alcohol with a carbon chain length of 12-16 carbons (Hill&Roelofs, 1977; Card6 et al. 1979, C6sar Gemeno et al., 2000). However, during actual use, the insect sex pheromones are often affected by factors such as geographic environment, differences in insect geographic populations, and improper use methods, and cannot be implemented and promoted well. Especially in large-scale outbreaks of such pests, a chemical control is still necessary. There are also different standards in use of technologies and evaluation results. Therefore, the insect sex pheromones are used to trap or interfere with insect behaviors and plant pheromone-assisted lure enhancement or avoidance methods are used at the same time, which are of great significance to observation, prediction, prevention and control of field populations of the noctuidae pests.

SUMMARY

[06] The present disclosure aims to provide a sex pheromone synergist for adults of small insects belonging to the family noctuidae. The sex pheromone synergist compensates for a trapping effect of a single sex attractant, interferes with courtship and mating behaviors of female and male adults in field and reduces mating efficiency and reproductive capacity, thereby reducing the initial population number of fruit-boring larvae in the field and improving quality and yield of solanaceae crops.

[07] In order to realize the above objective, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solution: a sex pheromone synergist for adults of small insects belonging to the family noctuidae, wherein the synergist is a mixture of linalool, nonanal and beta-ionone.

[08] Furthermore, a ratio of the linalool, the nonanal and the beta-ionone is (3.5-4.5):(1-2):(0.8 1.5).

[09] Furthermore, a ratio of the linalool, the nonanal and the beta-ionone is 4.1:1.7:1.

[10] By adopting the above technical solution, the present disclosure has the following advantages: according to a chemotaxis difference of lepidoptera fruit-boring noctuidae insect and by means of an addition of a sex attractant synergistic component, the sex pheromone synergist promotes a trapping effect, reduces a field population density, improves monitoring efficiency and a prevention and control effect, and is conductive to improving yield and quality of solanaceous vegetables and fruits.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[11] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a wind tunnel behavior monitoring and verification device for chemotaxis of lepidoptera small moths in the present disclosure;

[12] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wind tunnel behavior response of a heliothis assulta adult to different chemical information substances in the present disclosure;

[13] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wind tunnel behavior response of a prodenia litura adult to different chemical information substances in the present disclosure;

[14] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a trapping situation of a sex attractant for heliothis assulta in a pepper sample plot of a synergistic demonstration area of a Ludishao village from 2014 to 2015;

[15] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a trapping situation of a sex attractant for heliothis assulta in a pepper sample plot of synergistic demonstration areas of a Youer village and a Minlian village from 2014 to 2015;

[16] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a trapping situation of a sex attractant for prodenia litura in a pepper sample plot of a synergistic demonstration area of a Ludishao village from 2014 to 2015; and

[17] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a trapping situation of a sex attractant for prodenia litura in a pepper sample plot of synergistic demonstration areas of a Youer village and a Minlian village from 2014 to 2015.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[18] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely a part rather than all of the embodiments of the present disclosure. All other examples obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the examples of the present disclosure without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[19] Example of the present disclosure is as follows: a sex pheromone synergist for adults of small insects belonging to the family noctuidae was a mixture of linalool, nonanal and beta-ionone, wherein a ratio of the linalool, the nonanal and the beta-ionone was 4.1:1.7:1.

[20] According to a chemotaxis difference of lepidoptera fruit-boring noctuidae insect and by means of an addition of a sex attractant synergistic component, the sex pheromone synergist promoted a trapping effect, reduced a field population density, improved monitoring efficiency and a prevention and control effect, and was conductive to improving yield and quality of solanaceous vegetables and fruits.

[21] In order to further confirm the technical effect of the present disclosure, the following experiments were used for verification:

[22] I. Wind tunnel behavior response of heliothis assulta and prodenia litura to different odor sources

[23] Before the start of the experiment, a wind tunnel behavior monitoring and verification device for chemotaxis of lepidoptera small moths was made (as shown in FIG. 1). The device included a tank body 1, an air inlet fan 2 arranged at an upper wind end of the tank body 1 and an air exhaust fan 3 arranged at a lower wind end of the tank body 1, a screen 6 was arranged at one end, close to the air inlet fan 2, in the tank body 1, an odor source bracket 4 and a release bracket 5 were fixedly arranged in the tank body 1 and an air filter 7 was arranged at the lower wind end of the tank body 1. The tank body 1 in the device was made of a lead alloy material inlaid with transparent organic glass and had a specification of 1.5 (length)x1.0 (width)x1.0 (height) m3 . The air inlet fan 2 (at a diameter of 30 cm) with a low power was used at the upper wind end of the tank body 1 to provide an airflow (at a wind speed of 30 cm/s); a side door was arranged on a side surface close to the upper wind end and used for placing a test odor source; black and white horizontal stripes were spread on a bottom plate of the tank body 1 with each horizontal stripe at a width of 15 cm; the air exhaust fan 3 (at a diameter of 20 cm) was arranged at the lower wind end and discharged the airflow with a compound out of the tank body 1 through the air exhaust fan 3, and an insect placing opening was arranged at a side surface close to the lower wind end; an infrared camera was arranged at a top end of the tank body 1 to observe flying or crawling of insects; the release bracket 5 (at a height of 30 cm) was arranged 10 cm close to the lower wind end and a release cage for placing test insects was arranged on a top part of the release bracket 5; and the odor source bracket 4 was arranged 10 cm close to the upper wind end correspondingly and an iron wire mesh for placing the odor source was arranged on a top part of the odor source bracket 4. A fluorescent lamp was used as a light source throughout the experiment, a light intensity was adjusted to 250 lux and the light intensity was consistent with an activity peak (17:00-21:00) of adults of small insect belonging to the family noctuidae under natural conditions in field; and the temperature was 25.6±0.2°C and the humidity was 30.1±1.5%.

[24] The experiment process was as follows: test insects were introduced from the insect placing opening at the lower wind end, every 10 adults were as one group and put into the release cage on the top part of the release bracket 5 at the same time, after the adults adapted for 30 min, observation and recording were conducted, and observation continued for 3 h. At the beginning of the experiment, an outlet of the release cage was opened to observe behaviors and activities of the test insects in a wind tunnel. Each test sample was used to test 10 adult moths and each test was repeated for 6 times; and an interval of different treatments was 20 min and ventilation was used to eliminate interference of odor residuals. All test insects were used only once. During the test, the adults began to be introduced to the release bracket 5. If there was no response, another male moth was replaced for test. If the adults took off but flew out of the wind tunnel in an opposite direction, or touched any wall of the wind tunnel for more than 5 seconds, it would be regarded as the end of the test.

[25] Quantitative indicators of observed behaviors were as follows: a series of behavior responses and changes of the adults in the wind tunnel were recorded, such as (1) searching for air trails: after taking off, searching around the air trails back and forth; (2) directional flight: flying against the wind to 1/2 of the length of the wind tunnel along the air trails; (3) after flying to the odor source, searching around an iron wire mesh cover close to the odor source; and (4) landing: landing on the iron wire mesh cover outside the odor source.

[26] 1) Heliothis assulta

[27] An experimental result of a wind tunnel behavior test of heliothis assulta was as shown in FIG. 2. Among the 10 selected compounds, trans-beta-ocimene, trans-beta-caryophyllene, linalool, beta-ionone and cis-3-hexene acetate had a certain attraction to the heliothis assulta. The linalool had a highest trapping rate for female and male adults, which were 58.00% and 49.00% respectively; followed by the trans-beta-ocimene and beta-ionone, they both had a trapping rate of 52.00% for female adults and had 45.00% and 51.00% for male adults, respectively.

[28] 2) Prodenia litura

[29] An experimental result of a wind tunnel behavior test of prodenia litura was as shown in FIG. 3. Linalool, nonanal and beta-ionone had a positive tropism to the prodenia litura. In the wind tunnel, the female adults could fly faster against the wind and accurately located the three odor sources with a relatively high trapping rate at 80.00%, 54.00%, and 64.00%, respectively.

[30] II. Synergistic lure effect on heliothis assulta andprodenialitura

[31] Test experiments of synergistic lures in field were as shown in Table 1. Pepper sample plots in Qingzhen city and Longchang town of Fuquan city in Guizhou were selected for field trapping experiments. During the same period of 2014 and 2015, the occurrence of the heliothis assulta and prodenia litura in each pepper sample plot and field demonstration effects of comparative sex attractants and synergistic components were monitored.

[32] Table 1 Layout of experimental lures for heliothis assulta and prodenia litura in different demonstration areas

[33] Lure Location Trap HeliothisAssulta ProdeniaLlitura (YQ) (XW) YQA: 15 XWA:15 Ludishao village 75 YQB: 15 XWB:15 CK1: 15 Qingzhen Youer village 20 YQA: 10 XWA:10 YQB: 10 XWB:10 Minlian village 30 CK2: 10

[34] (1) Trapping of heliothis assulta by synergistic lure

[35] 1) Demonstration area of Ludishao village: As shown in FIG. 4, compared with trapping in 2014 and 2015, a lure, that is, a YQB lure, containing a synergistic component B, had a better lure effect. From early July to early October in 2014, the YQB lure had the average population trapping number of 88.00+42.81. From early August, the trapping number increased significantly to 108.00. This trend continued until early September and the trapping number reached 140.00. The trapping number began to decrease in late October to 93.00. Compared with the same period in 2015, the YQB lure had the average population trapping number of 84.70+46.26. There were two peak periods in mid-September and early October, and the trapping amount was higher than 150.00.

[36] 2) Demonstration areas of Youer village and Minlian village: As shown in FIG. 5, compared with the same period survey, a YQA lure had the average population trapping number of 40.6018.17 in 2014, while had the average population trapping number as high as 71.10+38.66 in 2015; the YQB lure had the average population trapping number of 97.20+38.12 in 2014 and the average population trapping number as high as 89.10+41.16 in 2015, which were both much higher than the average trapping number of the control (FIG. 5). It can be seen that the YQB lure had a better trapping effect, which was consistent with the trapping in Ludishao village.

[37] (2) Trapping of prodenia litura by synergistic lure

[38] 1) Demonstration area of Ludishao village: As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the occurrence of the prodenia litura in each pepper sample plot and field demonstration effects of comparative sex attractants and synergistic components were monitored in the same period in 2014 and 2015. From early July to early October in 2014 and 2015, the trapping of the sex attractant and synergistic component forprodenia litura in the demonstration area showed that a synergistic lure XWB had a better trapping effect on male prodenia litura. From early July to early October in 2014, the synergistic lure XWB had the total population trapping number of the male prodenia litura of 2,890.00 (control: 742.00). There were obvious trapping peaks in early August, early September and early October. The average moth trapping number was 854.00 in August and 1,306 in September; and the moth trapping number was as high as 490.00 in early October alone. In comparison, an ordinary lure XWA had the total population trapping number of the male prodenia litura of 1,317.00, accounting for only 45.57% of the moth trapping number of the lure XWB; and the average moth trapping number was 127.00-180.00 in August and September and reached the highest in early October, about 230.00, which was 46.93% of the moth trapping number of the lure XWB.

[39] 2) Youer village and Minlian village: Similarly, as shown in FIG. 6, a YQB lure containing a synergistic component had the relatively high trapping number in the demonstration area. From early July to early October in 2014, the XWB lure had the average population trapping number of 177.00126.61 and the total moth trapping number 1,770.00; and from late July, the trapping number began to increase significantly, to 80.00 and was the highest (447.00) in early October. In the same period of 2015, the average population trapping number was 187.30+103.46 and the total moth trapping number was 1,873.00. The total moth trapping number was 204.00 in July and 504.00 in August, increased to 775.00 in September, and was the highest (390.00) in early October.

[40] It is to be understood that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country.

[41] In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A sex pheromone synergist for adults of small insects belonging to the family noctuidae, wherein the synergist is a mixture of linalool, nonanal and beta-ionone.

2. The sex pheromone synergist for adults of small insects belonging to the family noctuidae according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the linalool, the nonanal and the beta-ionone is (3.5-4.5):(1 2):(0.8-1.5).

3. The sex pheromone synergist for adults of small insects belonging to the family noctuidae according to claim 2, wherein a ratio of the linalool, the nonanal and the beta-ionone is 4.1:1.7:1.

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FIG. 1

FIG. 2

Female adult Male adult β-Beta- Nonana ionone l Trans-beta- caryophyllene

Cis-3- Methyl hexene-1- salicylate ol

Trans- Benzaldehyd Cis-3- beta- Linalool e hexene ocimen acetate e

Limonen e

FIG. 3

17951085_1 (GHMatters) P116969.AU

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FIG. 4

FIG. 5

17951085_1 (GHMatters) P116969.AU

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FIG. 6

17951085_1 (GHMatters) P116969.AU

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FIG. 7 2021105220

17951085_1 (GHMatters) P116969.AU