CN115054576B - 一种单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂及其制备方法和应用。其聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂包括如下按重量份计算的组分：多元醇高聚物60～75份；异氰酸酯18～25份；催化剂0.01～0.1份；泡沫稳定剂1～5份；溶剂5～15份；所述多元醇高聚物与所述异氰酸酯反应得到的预聚物中的NCO含量为5wt％～10wt％。本发明的聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂制备的泡沫涂层附着力好、质地柔软、回弹性好、强度高、不易撕裂，可以很好的保护仔猪在哺乳或者吃料时造成的膝盖磨损，避免链球菌感染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域，尤其涉及一种单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
新生仔猪的免疫特征常表现出免疫系统发育不够成熟，功能也不够完善。而且尚未接触过子宫外环境的各种病原，也没有接触过食物蛋白等种类繁多的抗原性物质。新生仔猪的血清免疫球蛋白(lg)中绝大部分为母猪通过胎盘传递给仔猪的lgG，仔猪自身lgG的合成能力低下，含量少，随着出生后血循环量的增加，lgG的浓度会迅速降低。而且新生仔猪白细胞的生产和储备都比较少。只能被动接受母乳中的抗体、致敏淋巴细胞或其他物质从而获得特异性免疫。
仔猪的皮肤较为细嫩，仔猪的前膝部位往往在争抢乳头或匍匐吃奶的过程中磨损，甚至出现溃烂。这不仅增加了体内白细胞和免疫蛋白的消耗，降低吞噬功能和杀菌活性，增加了其他疾病或感染的风险；而且仔猪前膝处长期处于破损状态势必会对仔猪的生长发育产生影响。而目前市面上常采用的方式是采用布条对仔猪的前膝进行包裹，但是这种方法一方面不能进行大规模使用，另一方面被包裹的仔猪行动不方便。
因此，开发一款能够有效保护仔猪前膝的产品势在必行。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题之一。为此，本发明提供了一种单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂。
本发明还提供了一种单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂的制备方法。
本发明还提供了一种单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂的应用。
本发明的第一方面提供了单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂，包括如下按重量份计算的组分：
所述多元醇高聚物与所述异氰酸酯反应得到的预聚物中的NCO含量为5wt％～10wt％。
所述NCO含量根据GB/T 12009.4-2016测定。
本发明关于单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂的技术方案中的一个技术方案，至少具有以下有益效果：
本发明的泡沫涂膜剂在喷涂的过程中，涂膜剂中的异氰酸酯基团与空气中的水蒸汽反应，释放CO2，进行发泡反应，待反应完全后，会在涂刷处形成一层均匀的软质聚氨酯泡沫涂层，该聚氨酯泡沫涂层附着力好、质地柔软、回弹性好、强度高、不易撕裂，可以很好的保护仔猪在哺乳或者吃料时造成的膝盖磨损，避免链球菌感染。本发明限定了多元醇高聚物与异氰酸酯反应得到的预聚物中的NCO含量为5wt％～10wt％，使得制备的泡沫涂层回弹性好，质地柔软。若预聚物中的NCO含量低于5wt％，则会出现粘度过大，导致不能施工的缺陷，若预聚物中的NCO含量高于10wt％，则会导致制备的泡沫涂层硬度高，失去了保护仔猪的效果。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述多元醇高聚物的官能度为2～3，这是因为当官能度为2～3个时，具有较好的横向和纵向的撕扯力，能够整体提升泡沫强度。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述多元醇高聚物的分子量为2000～5000。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述多元醇高聚物选自聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、蓖麻油多元醇、环氧大豆油或含有羧基的醇酸树脂中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述异氰酸酯包括甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述泡沫稳定剂为聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯烃醚的共聚物。所述泡沫稳定剂的作用是改善改善气泡的表面张力，致使表面张力与气泡中二氧化碳的表面张力接近，不易破泡。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述催化剂为双吗啉二乙基醚、三亚乙基二胺、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述溶剂包括乙酸丁酯、二甲苯或乙酸乙酯中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂还包括杀菌剂或蚊蝇趋避中的一种。所述涂膜剂中加入杀菌剂或蚊蝇趋避剂组分，还能够起到一定的杀菌和防蚊蝇的作用，防止了致病菌的滋生。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述杀菌剂包括氯酚类杀菌剂、异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂、纳米银、纳米氧化铜或纳米氧化锌中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述蚊蝇趋避剂包括驱蚊酯、避蚊胺或樟脑中的至少一种。
本发明的第二方面提供所述的单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、将多元醇高聚物、异氰酸酯、催化剂和溶剂加热进行反应，得到预聚物；
S2、将步骤S1中的预聚物与泡沫稳定剂混合，即得聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，步骤S1中，所述加热的温度为70℃～90℃。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，步骤S1中，所述反应的时间为1h～3h。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，步骤S2中，所述混合的时间为20min～40min。
本发明的第三方面提供上述所述的聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂在仔猪养殖中的应用。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
本发明所采用的试剂、方法和设备，如无特殊说明，均为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
以下实施例及对比例中采用的原料如下：
多元醇高聚物A：聚醚多元醇F3156，分子量3000，官能度3，万华化学集团股份有限公司；
多元醇高聚物B：聚醚多元醇F3135，分子量5000，官能度3，万华化学集团股份有限公司；
多元醇高聚物C：聚酯多元醇WHP-2024，分子量2000，官能度2，万华化学集团股份有限公司；
异氰酸酯：甲苯二异氰酸酯，国药集团化学试剂有限公司，CAS号：584-84-9；
催化剂：二月桂酸二丁基锡，国药集团化学试剂有限公司，CAS号：77-58-7；
泡沫稳定剂：聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯烃醚的共聚物DC 1990，陶氏化学公司；
溶剂：二甲苯，国药集团化学试剂有限公司，CAS号：1330-20-7。
实施例1
实施例1提供一种单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂，组分含量见表1，制备方法如下：
S1、将多元醇高聚物加入到反应釜中，开动搅拌，设定转速为500r/min，升温至35℃，加入甲苯二异氰酸酯、催化剂和溶剂，继续缓慢升温至80℃，恒温加热2h。
S2、降温至50℃，加入泡沫稳定剂，搅拌30min后冷却，放料即可得到聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂。
实施例2～5
实施例2～5提供一系列单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂，组分含量见表1，制备方法同实施1。
表1实施例1～5的组分含量(份)
对比例1～2
对比例1～2提供一系列聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂，制备方法同实施例1，组分含量见表2。
表2对比例1～2的组分含量(份)
| 对比例1 | 对比例2 | |
| 预聚物的NCO值 | 15.59wt％ | 2.95wt％ |
| 多元醇高聚物A | 57.35 | 78.75 |
| 异氰酸酯 | 33.7 | 12.3 |
| 催化剂 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| 泡沫稳定剂 | 2 | 2 |
| 溶剂 | 6.9 | 6.9 |
性能测试
将上述实施例和对比例制备的单组分聚氨酯涂膜剂进行测试，具体如下：
分别将实施例和对比例的单组分聚氨酯涂膜剂涂刷在产房栏位母猪的乳头两侧，待反应完全后，会在涂刷处形成一层均匀的软质聚氨酯泡沫涂层，随着母猪生产完成后，观察仔猪断奶前膝盖的磨损情况，控制仔猪的头数都为12头，结果如表3所示，并测试其物理性能，结果见表4：
表面硬度：根据GB/T 10807-2006测定；
撕裂强度：根据GB/T 10808-2006测定；
拉伸强度：根据GB/T 6344-2008测定。
由于对比例2预聚物的NCO值低于5wt％，所以导致其粘度很大，施工难度大，实际应用受限，故而不进行测试。
表3实施例和对比例的数据
7d之后，上述实施例1～4和对比例1泡沫材料基本完好，而实施例5的泡沫材料出现了多处的撕裂剥落情况。根据实施例1～5和对比例1的数据上看，采用本发明的聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂能够持续保护仔猪膝盖，能有效防止其在哺乳过程中膝盖破损导致的链球菌感染，。将上述实施例和对比例的仔猪分别在21日龄断奶之后称重。结果显示，实施例1～6的平均增重分别为5.68kg、5.56kg、5.42kg、5.63kg、5.28kg；对比例1的平均增重为5.14kg；对照组的平均增重为4.73kg(对照组是没有泡沫保护)。由此可见，所述畜舍用聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂不仅保护了仔猪膝盖，避免了新生仔猪因为膝盖破损导致的链球菌感染，而且相比于不做保护处理的仔猪，断奶时增重要高出0.7-1kg，大大提升了猪场的养殖效率。
表4实施例和对比例的物理性能数据
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂，其特征在于，包括如下按重量份计算的组分：
多元醇高聚物 60~75份；
异氰酸酯 18~25份；
催化剂 0.01~0.1份；
泡沫稳定剂 1~5份；
溶剂 5~15份；
所述异氰酸酯选自甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的至少一种；
所述多元醇高聚物的官能度为3；所述多元醇高聚物的分子量为3000~5000；
所述多元醇高聚物选自聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、蓖麻油多元醇、环氧大豆油或含有羧基的醇酸树脂中的至少一种；
所述泡沫稳定剂为聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯烃醚的共聚物；
所述催化剂为双吗啉二乙基醚、三亚乙基二胺、三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡中的至少一种；
所述多元醇高聚物与所述异氰酸酯反应得到的预聚物中的NCO含量为5wt%~10wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂，其特征在于，所述单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂还包括杀菌剂或蚊蝇趋避中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的单组分聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1、将多元醇高聚物、异氰酸酯、催化剂和溶剂加热进行反应，得到预聚物；
S2、将步骤S1中的预聚物与泡沫稳定剂混合，即得聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂。
4.权利要求1或2所述的聚氨酯泡沫涂膜剂在制备保护仔猪前膝产品中的应用。
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