CN115050348A - Bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface and use method thereof - Google Patents
Bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater acoustic meta-materials, and relates to a bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super-surface and a using method thereof, wherein the acoustic super-surface comprises a plurality of first array elements and a plurality of second array elements, four side surfaces of each first array element are respectively connected with the first array elements or the second array elements, the first array elements are composed of NxN first super-surface units, and the second array elements are composed of NxN second super-surface units; the cubic frame in the first super-surface unit has a hydrophobic characteristic, the cubic frame can capture air to form bubbles in a water environment, the sound wave reflection phase difference of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit in a wider frequency band is close to 180 degrees, the stability is basically kept, and the reduction of the acoustic RCS is realized by adjusting the spatial arrangement of the array element coding sequence; the super-surface is manufactured in a 3D printing mode, so that the manufacturing precision is high, the cost is low, and the super-surface is provided with huge development potential and important research value in the fields of underwater sound detection, underwater communication and stealth.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of underwater acoustic metamaterials, and particularly relates to a bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface and a using method thereof.
Background art:
the super-surface is a novel artificial structure with sub-wavelength thickness. By designing the structure of the sub-wavelength units and adjusting the arrangement mode of the sub-wavelength units in the space, the acoustic super-surface can freely customize a sound field, and realize various physical characteristics, such as self-bending wave beams, sound diffuse reflection, sound vortex waves and high-efficiency abnormal reflection and transmission phenomena. The diffuse reflection coding acoustic super-surface mainly regulates and controls the propagation direction of beams through different coding sequences, incident sound waves can be scattered to all directions while the thickness of sub-wavelengths is maintained, an irregular and disordered scattering wave field is formed, the energy of each beam of scattering waves is weak, RCS reduction is achieved, the acoustic RCS reduction aims at reducing the far-field detectability of a sound source, and therefore the application prospect in the acoustic stealth field is huge. The broadband underwater sound slow reflection effect is expected to realize the sound stealth performance of underwater equipment, and has important application prospect.
The traditional super-surface design has low flexibility, the specific structure of the super-surface makes the applicable frequency range narrower, the narrow-band slow-reflection super-surface cannot realize broadband sound stealth, and the RCS reduction performance of the super-surface is limited. For applications with a wide frequency range, a combination of multiple super-surface structures is required, which increases the cost.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface which is suitable for underwater and has a wide frequency range and a using method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface which comprises a plurality of first array elements and a plurality of second array elements, wherein four side surfaces of each first array element are respectively connected with the first array elements or the second array elements, the first array elements are composed of NxN first super surface units, and the second array elements are composed of NxN second super surface units.
The first super-surface unit comprises the following components in sequence from bottom to top: the steel plate, the solid column and the cubic frame, wherein the diagonal line of the cubic frame is perpendicular to the center of the steel plate and is connected with the steel plate through the solid column; the second super-surface unit consists of only a steel plate; the length, width and height of the steel plate of the first super-surface unit are the same as those of the steel plate of the second super-surface unit.
The solid columns and the cubic frame of the first super-surface unit are made of nylon or other hydrophobic materials.
The sizes of the steel plates of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit are respectively 10mm, 10mm and 35-50 mm in length, width and height.
The length h of the solid column in the first super-surface unit is 2-5 mm, and the radius r is 0.75-1 mm.
The cubic frame is composed of 12 solid columns, the length H of each solid column is 2.5-3 mm, and the radius R of each solid column is 0.7-0.8 mm.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface, which comprises the steps of respectively manufacturing a plurality of first super surface units and second super surface units, manufacturing a cubic frame and a solid column structure made of hydrophobic materials such as nylon by adopting a 3D printing method, and then adhering the solid column to the center of a steel plate to manufacture the first super surface units; the second super-surface unit is only a steel plate.
Further, N multiplied by N first super-surface units are mutually connected and arranged into a matrix with N rows and N columns as first array elements; n multiplied by N second super-surface units are mutually connected and arranged into a matrix with N rows and N columns as second array elements; the first array element and the second array element are mutually connected and arranged into an M multiplied by M matrix, and the super surface is manufactured; wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 2.
Further, in a certain working broadband frequency range, the sizes of the cubic frame and the solid column of the first super-surface unit are adjusted, so that the sound wave reflection phase difference of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit, in which bubbles appear in water, is close to 180 degrees, and the sound wave reflection phase difference is kept basically stable.
The invention also provides a using method of the bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface, the code of a first array element formed by the first super surface unit is set to be 1, the code of a second array element formed by the second super surface unit is set to be 0, and reflected wave control, resonance sound absorption and stealth are realized by adjusting the spatial arrangement of the coding sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the bubble type coding acoustic super-surface structure has hydrophobicity, the designed 3D printing hydrophobic framework is immersed in water, air is trapped in the framework to form bubbles, and the bubble type coding acoustic super-surface structure is simple and easy to operate;
(2) in a water environment, the sound wave reflection phase difference of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit with bubbles is close to 180 degrees in a wider frequency band, the stability is basically kept, and various expected functions such as reflected wave control, resonance sound absorption, stealth and the like can be realized by constructing different array element coding arrangements;
(3) different coding sequences are constructed through a non-periodic arrangement mode among array elements, so that various broadband fluctuation regulation and control capabilities can be realized, and incident sound waves are subjected to diffuse reflection by the coded super surface, so that RCS (radar cross section) reduction of about 10dB is realized in a wider frequency band;
(4) the super surface is manufactured in a 3D printing mode, so that the manufacturing precision is high, the cost is low, huge development potential and important research value are provided for the fields of underwater sound detection, underwater communication and stealth, and the super surface can be widely popularized in practical application.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural principle diagram of a bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface related to the present invention, wherein the sizes of a first array element and a second array element are both 2 × 2.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first super-surface unit and a solid column according to the present invention, wherein a is an overall structural diagram, B is a solid column structure, and C is a solid column structure.
Fig. 3 is a phase difference between a first super-surface unit and a second super-surface unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of diffuse reflection at 10kHz for the coded super surface made in example 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of diffuse reflection at 15kHz for the coded super surface made in example 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the effect of diffuse reflection at 20kHz for the coded super surface made in example 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a RCS reduction of a coded super surface made in accordance with example 2 of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in combination with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the embodiment relates to a super surface of broadband diffuse reflection coding under bubble type, its major structure includes a plurality of first array elements and a plurality of second array element, and first array element or second array element are connected respectively to four sides of every first array element, and first array element comprises the super surface unit of a N line of N, and the second array element comprises the super surface unit of a N line of second. As shown in fig. 1: when N is 2, the first array element consists of 2 rows and 2 columns of first super-surface units, and the second array element consists of 2 rows and 2 columns of second super-surface units.
The first super-surface unit comprises the following components in sequence from bottom to top: the steel plate comprises a steel plate 1, a solid column 2 and a cubic frame 3, wherein the diagonal line of the cubic frame 3 is perpendicular to the center of the steel plate 1 and is connected with the center of the steel plate 1 through the solid column 2; the second super-surface unit consists of only a steel plate 1; the steel plate of the first super-surface unit and the steel plate of the second super-surface unit have the same length, width and height.
The sizes of the steel plates 1 of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit are as follows: the length, width and height are respectively 10mm, 10mm and 35-50 mm.
The length h of the solid column 2 in the first super-surface unit is 2-5 mm, and the radius r is 0.75-1 mm; the cubic frame 3 is composed of 12 solid columns, the length H of each solid column is 2.5-3 mm, and the radius R of each solid column is 0.7-0.8 mm.
The solid column 2 and the cubic frame 3 are both made of nylon materials, the Young modulus is 1.6GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.4, and the density is 1050kg/m 3 。
The preparation method of the bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface comprises the following steps: respectively manufacturing a plurality of first super-surface units and second super-surface units, wherein the solid columns 2 and the cubic framework 3 are made of nylon materials through a 3D printing method; n multiplied by N first super-surface units are mutually connected and arranged into a matrix with N rows and N columns as first array elements; n multiplied by N second super-surface units are mutually connected and arranged into a matrix with N rows and N columns as second array elements; the first array element and the second array element are mutually connected and arranged into an M multiplied by M matrix, and the super surface is manufactured; wherein M is more than or equal to 3, and N is more than or equal to 3.
Further, the cubic frame 3 in the first super-surface unit has a hydrophobic characteristic, the cubic frame 3 can capture air to form bubbles in a water environment, and the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit which have bubbles in water can have a sound wave reflection phase difference close to 180 degrees in a wide frequency band and keep basic stability by adjusting the sizes of the cubic frame and the solid column of the first super-surface unit.
The use method of the bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface comprises the steps of setting the code of a first array element consisting of first super surface units as 1, setting the code of a second array element consisting of second super surface units as 0, and realizing various expected functions by adjusting the spatial arrangement of coding sequences, wherein the functions comprise the realization of scattered wave control in a specific direction so as to reduce a radar scattering section and the like.
Example 2:
the embodiment relates to a bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface,
the array comprises a plurality of first array elements and a plurality of second array elements, wherein four side faces of each first array element are respectively connected with the first array elements or the second array elements, the first array elements are composed of N rows multiplied by N columns of first super surface units, and the second array elements are composed of N rows multiplied by N columns of second super surface units. .
The length h of the solid column 2 in the first super-surface unit is 3mm, and the radius r is 0.75 mm; the cubic frame 3 is composed of 12 solid columns, the length H of each solid column is 3mm, and the radius R of each solid column is 0.75 mm; the length, the width and the height of the steel plates of the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit are respectively 10mm, 10mm and 3.5 mm; it was determined that the first and second super-surface units of the above dimensions, as shown in fig. 3, had a phase difference of approximately 180 degrees between the reflections of the acoustic waves over the broad frequency band of 7-26kHz and remained substantially stable. And setting a first array element code consisting of the first super-surface units as 1 and a second array element code consisting of the second super-surface units as 0. The first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit are randomly arranged in the form of array elements, namely when plane waves are vertically incident, destructive interference between the first super-surface unit and the second super-surface unit occurs, and the energy of the reflected waves is dispersed to all directions to form a diffuse reflection phenomenon.
In this embodiment, the coded super-surface is an 8 × 8 rectangular array formed by interconnecting a first array element and a second array element, where the first array element is formed by interconnecting 10 rows and 10 columns of first super-surface units, and the second array element is formed by interconnecting 10 rows and 10 columns of second super-surface units. Assuming that the reflection or scattering phase of each first or second array element is
Its phase is 0 ° or 180 °. The far-field scattering of the encoded super-surface at normal incidence of the plane wave is expressed as:
wherein θ and
is the angle of incidence and azimuth, k is the wavenumber, D is the length of each array element,
is the radiation characteristic of a single array element.
The directional diagram function is represented as:
because the phases of the first and second super-surface elements are 0 deg. and 180 deg., respectively, the scattering properties of the two elements cancel,
is substantially zero. From the two formulas, the control of the far-field scattering characteristic of the acoustic coding super-surface is mainly realized by different sequence modes of the coding array elements.
The specific arrangement mode of the optimized coded super-surface in this embodiment is as follows: the first, fifth, seventh and eighth rows are arranged according to "11010001" and the second, third, fourth and sixth rows are arranged according to "00101110". Finally, the whole super-surface structure size of the embodiment is 800mm × 800 mm. In the actual manufacturing process, the whole steel plate can be manufactured according to the size of the whole super surface, and then the cubic frame and the solid columns are adhered to the corresponding positions of the steel plate according to the code arrangement.
The diffuse reflection effect of the super-surface prepared in this embodiment under different incident sound wave frequencies was tested by the multi-physical field simulation software Comsol multiphcs, and the results are shown in fig. 4-6, in which the incident sound wave frequency of fig. 4 is 10kHz, the incident sound wave frequency of fig. 5 is 15kHz, and the incident sound wave frequency of fig. 6 is 20 kHz. As can be seen from the figure, the energy of the scattered wave beam is not concentrated in a strong energy wave beam, but is dispersed in all directions, the energy of the scattered wave distribution in each direction is very small according to the energy conservation principle, and the simulation result further shows that the coding super surface can play a role in reducing RCS.
RCS reduction effect simulation was performed on the super-surface manufactured in this example using the Multi-physical-field simulation software Comsol Multiphsics, and the result is shown in FIG. 7. As can be seen from FIG. 7, this embodiment satisfies the RCS reduction requirement of 10dB in the 11-17kHz band compared to a single steel plate of the same size.
Claims (9)
1. The bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface is characterized by comprising a plurality of first array elements and a plurality of second array elements, wherein four side surfaces of each first array element are respectively connected with the first array elements or the second array elements, the first array elements are composed of NxN first super surface units, and the second array elements are composed of NxN second super surface units; n is more than or equal to 2;
the first super-surface unit comprises the following components in sequence from bottom to top: the steel plate, the solid column and the cubic frame, wherein the diagonal line of the cubic frame is perpendicular to the center of the steel plate and is connected with the steel plate through the solid column; the second super-surface unit consists of only steel plates.
2. The air bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coded acoustic super surface according to claim 1, wherein the solid columns and the cubic frame of the first super surface unit are made of hydrophobic materials.
3. The bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface according to claim 1, wherein the length, width and height of the steel plate of the first super surface unit and the steel plate of the second super surface unit are the same, and the length, width and height of the steel plates are respectively 10mm, 10mm and 35-50 mm.
4. The air bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface according to claim 1, wherein the length h of the solid column in the first super surface unit is 2-5 mm, and the radius r is 0.75-1 mm.
5. The air bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface according to claim 1, wherein the cubic frame is composed of 12 solid columns, the length H of each solid column is 2.5-3 mm, and the radius R of each solid column is 0.7-0.8 mm.
6. The method for manufacturing the bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of first super surface units and second super surface units are manufactured respectively, and a cubic frame and a solid column structure are manufactured by using a hydrophobic material and adopting a 3D printing method.
7. The method for manufacturing the bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface according to claim 6, wherein N x N first super surface units are connected with one another and arranged into a matrix with N rows and N columns as first array elements; n multiplied by N second super-surface units are mutually connected and arranged into a matrix with N rows and N columns as second array elements; the first array element and the second array element are mutually connected and arranged into an M multiplied by M matrix, and the super surface is manufactured; wherein M is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 2.
8. The method for manufacturing the underwater bubble type broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface according to claim 6, wherein the sound wave reflection phase difference between the first super surface unit and the second super surface unit where bubbles appear in water is close to 180 degrees and is kept basically stable by adjusting the sizes of the cubic frame and the solid column of the first super surface unit within a certain working broadband frequency range.
9. The method for using the bubble type underwater broadband diffuse reflection coding acoustic super surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the code of the first array element consisting of the first super surface unit is set to be 1, the code of the second array element consisting of the second super surface unit is set to be 0, and reflected wave control, resonance sound absorption and stealth are realized by adjusting the spatial arrangement of the code sequences.
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