CN112546887A - Structure and method of forming an array of gas bubbles and their use - Google Patents
Structure and method of forming an array of gas bubbles and their use Download PDFInfo
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- CN112546887A CN112546887A CN201910913321.3A CN201910913321A CN112546887A CN 112546887 A CN112546887 A CN 112546887A CN 201910913321 A CN201910913321 A CN 201910913321A CN 112546887 A CN112546887 A CN 112546887A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/235—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids for making foam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/2366—Parts; Accessories
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
Abstract
The present invention relates to the field of acoustics, and in particular to structures and methods of forming arrays of bubbles and their use. The structural body includes: a polyhedral frame base unit and a connecting rod connected between two adjacent polyhedral frame base units, wherein a surface of the structure body, which is in contact with water or an aqueous solution, is hydrophobic and satisfies the following formula (I),
wherein d is the longest frame length of the polyhedral frame base unit; r is the frame radius of the polyhedral frame basic unit; θ is the contact angle of the surface of the structure in contact with water or an aqueous solution; ρ is the density of water; g is the acceleration of gravity; σ is the surface tension of water; alpha is alpha0The included angle between the three-phase contact point and the vertical direction is. When the structure is placed in water or aqueous solution, bubbles are generated in the polyhedral frame base unit andthe bubbles can exist stably to form a bubble array, and the application in sound wave regulation is very facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of acoustics, and in particular to structures and methods of forming arrays of bubbles and their use.
Background
Bubbles in water have many very good acoustic resonance properties and are therefore a hot point of research for many years. In 1933, the dutch scientist Marcel minnart indicated that the sound of flowing water is generated by the resonance of tiny bubbles in the flowing water, and calculates that the resonance frequency of the flowing water is about 500 times of the radius of the flowing water, so that the research on the regulation and control of the bubbles on low-frequency sound waves is started. The traditional phononic crystal regulation and control of sound waves is based on a Bragg scattering mechanism, and the size of the traditional phononic crystal regulation and control is close to the wavelength of the acted sound waves, so that the regulation and control of the sound waves with longer wavelength (low frequency) needs materials with the corresponding thickness of several meters or even tens of meters. The low-frequency resonance characteristic of the air bubbles ensures that the air bubbles are not limited by a Bragg scattering mechanism, namely, a very thin layer of air bubbles can be used for realizing the effect which can be achieved by a very thick traditional sound insulation material. Furthermore, it has been shown that phononic crystals composed of bubbles have the widest phononic band gap reported so far. Therefore, the realization of large-area, rapid and precise patterning of bubbles is of great significance in acoustic wave control.
In the existing methods for generating bubbles, such as a pressurized dissolved air bubble-separating method, an air-entraining bubble-producing method, an electrolytic bubble-separating method, an ultrasonic method, a chemical reaction method, a fluid focusing method in microfluid and the like, the size of the generated bubbles is difficult to control, and the problems of single appearance and random position distribution are faced, so that the requirement for accurately regulating and controlling the bubbles cannot be met.
CN106079677A discloses a patterned two-dimensional bubble array, a preparation method and applications thereof, the method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a substrate with a patterned structure on the surface; 2) respectively taking the base material with the patterned structure on the surface and the base material with the flat surface as a lower base and an upper base to form a bubble generation system; 3) the bubble generation system is filled with a liquid containing micro-bubbles, and a patterned two-dimensional bubble array is formed by the fusion of the micro-bubbles. Although the patterning of the bubbles can be realized by regulating the evolution of the bubbles by utilizing the microstructure, the bubble solution needs to be prepared in advance by a chemical or physical method, and the operation steps are more and less clean. Meanwhile, the evolution of the foam to form patterned bubbles mostly needs about half an hour, and the requirement of the multilayer bubble phononic crystal on the bubble yield is difficult to meet. And continuous foam patterns of hexagonal and quadrilateral meshes are prepared through foam evolution, so that the preparation of mutually discrete bubble patterns is greatly limited.
Therefore, there is a need for a method of generating bubbles that is fast, large area production, while enabling precise patterning of bubbles.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a member that can easily generate bubbles, and the generated bubbles can stably exist in water or an aqueous solution to form an underwater patterned bubble array.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a method for generating a precise patterned bubble array, which has a simple and controllable process and can be applied in a large area, and the size of the generated bubbles can meet the requirement of acoustic wave control.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the use of a patterned array of bubbles in acoustic wave control.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a structural body including: a polyhedral frame base unit and a connecting rod connected between two adjacent polyhedral frame base units, wherein a surface of the structure body, which is in contact with water or an aqueous solution, is hydrophobic and satisfies the following formula (I),
wherein d is the longest frame length of the polyhedral frame base unit;
r is the frame radius of the polyhedral frame basic unit;
θ is the contact angle of the surface of the structure in contact with water or an aqueous solution;
ρ is the density of water;
g is the acceleration of gravity;
σ is the surface tension of water;
α0is an included angle between a three-phase contact point and the vertical direction,
when the structure body is placed in water or aqueous solution, bubbles are generated in the polyhedral frame base unit, and the bubbles can exist stably to form a bubble array.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming an array of gas bubbles, the method comprising exposing a structure according to the first aspect of the present invention to water or an aqueous solution.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the structure of the first aspect and the use of the bubble array formed by the method of the second aspect in acoustic wave modulation. In particular, the use of the generated three-dimensional array of bubbles in underwater sound shielding; and the application of forming a two-dimensional bubble array in impedance matching super-surfaces.
The invention provides a method for simply generating bubbles, and the generated bubbles can stably exist under water to form a bubble array; meanwhile, different bubble arrays (such as two-dimensional or three-dimensional bubble arrays) are obtained by adjusting the polyhedral frame basic units, the overall structure and the like in the structure, and accurate patterning of bubbles is realized. The generated three-dimensional bubble array has wider acoustic band gap, can block sound waves in a wider frequency range, and has potential application value in the aspects of noise blocking and sound wave reflection signal enhancement. The generated two-dimensional bubble array can realize the super transmission of sound waves with specific frequency to form an impedance matching super surface.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of relevant parameters in a polyhedral frame base unit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of structure A1 according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of a three-dimensional bubble array produced by structure A1 according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the acoustic transmission coefficient of a three-dimensional array of bubbles produced by structure A1 according to the present invention, including experimental measurements and numerical calculations;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a polyhedral frame basic unit according to the present invention, in which a face has a frame parallel to a rib (FIG. 5b, FIG. 5c) or does not have a frame parallel to a rib (FIG. 5a), as shown in FIG. 5c, a structure A2 in example 2, a face has a frame parallel to a rib, and a face is divided into a3 × 3 structure;
FIG. 6 is a theoretical calculated band diagram of a three-dimensional array of bubbles produced by different structures according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the structure a5 in example 5;
FIG. 8 is a photograph of a two-dimensional array of bubbles produced by structure A5 in example 5;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the acoustic transmission spectrum of the two-dimensional array of bubbles produced in example 5.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a structural body comprising: polyhedral frame base units and connecting rods connecting between adjacent two polyhedral frame base units, wherein a surface of the structure body, which is in contact with water or an aqueous solution, is hydrophobic and satisfies,
wherein d is the longest frame length of the polyhedral frame base unit;
r is the frame radius of the polyhedral frame basic unit;
θ is the contact angle of the surface of the structure in contact with water or an aqueous solution;
ρ is the density of water;
g is the acceleration of gravity;
σ is the surface tension of water;
α0is an included angle between a three-phase contact point and the vertical direction,
when the structure body is placed in water or aqueous solution, bubbles are generated in the polyhedral frame base unit, and the bubbles can exist stably to form a bubble array.
According to the structural body of the present invention, preferably, the polyhedral frame base unit is selected from at least one of a tetrahedral frame base unit, a hexahedral frame base unit, an octahedral frame base unit, a decahedral frame base unit, a dodecahedral frame base unit, a hexadecahedral frame base unit, and an icosahedral frame base unit.
In this context, a "polyhedral frame" is understood to mean a frame structure which is framed by edges of a polyhedron and optionally line segments connecting the edges on the respective faces, for example as shown in fig. 5.
In order to further efficiently generate bubbles and ensure stable existence of bubbles, it is preferable that the polyhedral frame basic unit has a frame length of 0.5 to 10mm, a frame diameter of 0.2 to 3mm, preferably a frame length of 1 to 8mm, and a frame diameter of 0.2 to 2.5mm, and more preferably, a frame length of 3 to 4mm and a frame diameter of 0.5 to 2 mm.
In a specific embodiment, the polyhedral frame basic unit is selected from at least one of a cubic frame basic unit, a cylindrical frame basic unit, and a rectangular parallelepiped frame basic unit. In this context, a "cylinder frame base unit" is understood to be a frame structure framed by the circumferences of the two base surfaces of the cylinder, n parallel generatrices on the side surfaces, and optionally the diameter of the base surface, where n is an integer greater than 4. In a cylinder frame base unit, "frame length" is understood to be the longer of the base diameter, the generatrix, and the corresponding value.
In one embodiment, the polyhedral frame basic unit is a cubic frame basic unit, and fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of related parameters in the cubic frame basic unit.
According to the structure of the present invention, the surface of the structure which is in contact with water or an aqueous solution is hydrophobic. To further ensure the generation of bubbles, it is preferred that the contact angle of the surface of the structure in contact with water or an aqueous solution is between 90 ° and 150 °, preferably between 100 ° and 130 °, for example 105 °, 107 °, 110 °, 115 °, 118 °, 120 °, 123 °, 125 °, 128 °, 130 °, and any one of the ranges consisting of any two of the above values, more preferably between 110 ° and 120 °.
According to the present invention, the aqueous solution refers to any solution using water as a solvent, and may be, for example, seawater, industrial wastewater, a mixed solution of water and ethanol, or the like.
In one embodiment, the structures are made of a hydrophobic material to provide a hydrophobic surface when the structures are contacted with water or an aqueous solution. To further form a stable patterned bubble array, preferably, the hydrophobic material is selected from at least one of polyamide, polylactic acid, epoxy resin, polydimethylsiloxane and hydrophobic glass, and may be nylon 6, nylon 66, for example. The epoxy resin may be modified or unmodified, and may be, for example, a photocurable acrylate-modified epoxy resin.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic material is a photo-curable acrylate-modified epoxy resin, such as transparent photosensitive resin from Shenzhen future industrial and scientific Co.
In another embodiment, the structures themselves are not made of hydrophobic materials, but the surface of the structure that is in contact with water or aqueous solutions is hydrophobically modified. The technical means for hydrophobic modification is not limited in the present invention, as long as a hydrophobic surface can be obtained, and for example, fluorosilane can be treated in oxygen plasma and then evaporated.
In order to form the patterned bubble array, in a preferred embodiment, the structure body includes a plurality of chain structures extending in the first direction, each chain structure including polyhedral frame base units and connecting bars connected between adjacent two polyhedral frame base units, the connecting bars being oriented in the first direction. Fig. 2 and 3 show schematic views of such a structure.
In another embodiment, in the structural body, the polyhedral frame base units are cubic frame base units, each cubic frame base unit is connected with four adjacent cubic frame base units along a diagonal direction of the bottom surface by connecting rods, and the connecting rods are oriented along the diagonal direction of the bottom surface to finally form a two-dimensional array, as shown in fig. 7. In such an embodiment, the structure is placed in water (preferably, submerged in water) to form a two-dimensional array of bubbles.
To form a larger area (or volume) of patterned array of bubbles, one or more small structures (which may be the same or different) may be spliced and/or assembled to form a larger structure.
In one embodiment, after assembly, the resulting large structure has a structure of at least two layers, such as the structure shown in FIG. 2.
In order to secure the required firmness, it is preferable that the structure further comprises a support part for supporting the polyhedral frame basic unit and the connection rods. The material of the support member is selected from one or more of, but not limited to, high-strength resin, steel, wood and stone. Preferably, the material of the support component is steel.
In a specific preferred embodiment, the polyhedral frame base unit is a cubic frame base unit having a frame length of 3 to 6mm and a frame diameter of 1 to 2.5mm, and the contact angle of the surface of the structure in contact with water or an aqueous solution is 100 ° to 130 °.
In order to form bubbles of larger size (for example, bubbles in the order of centimeters), in a preferred embodiment, the faces of the polyhedral frame basic unit contain a frame parallel to the edges. Preferably, the frame parallel to the edges divides the surface into a structure of m x m, where m is an integer of 2 or more, such as the structures shown in fig. 5b and 5 c.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming an array of gas bubbles, the method comprising exposing the structure of the first aspect of the present invention to water or an aqueous solution, preferably immersing the structure in water or an aqueous solution.
According to the present invention, the aqueous solution may be any solution using water as a solvent, and may be, for example, seawater, industrial wastewater, a mixed solution of water and ethanol, or the like.
According to the method of the present invention, for the requirement of specific frequency acoustic wave regulation, preferably, the method further comprises placing the structure in a specific gas atmosphere before placing the structure in water or an aqueous solution, wherein the specific gas is at least one selected from the group consisting of air, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride.
In a specific embodiment, the specific gas is sulfur hexafluoride (with a density greater than air), and the sulfur hexafluoride is filled in the upper half space of the water pool, and the lower half space of the water pool is water. The structural body is placed in the upper half space of the water pool, and sulfur hexafluoride can be completely filled in the gap of the structural body due to the fact that the density of the structural body is larger than that of air; and then placing the structural body in water, wherein bubbles of the sulfur hexafluoride can be formed in the structural body.
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the method further includes preparing the structure by a 3D printing method or an injection molding method. Preferably, the 3D printing method is selected from at least one of fused deposition 3D printing, selective laser sintering molding, selective laser fusion molding, selective heat sintering molding, stereolithography molding, and digital light processing.
In a specific embodiment, the structure is prepared by a 3D printing method using a photocurable resin.
The method of the invention can obtain a patterned bubble array. The size of the bubbles in the generated bubble array is 0.2-5cm, preferably 0.5-2 cm. In this context, the size of the bubble refers to the maximum length between two points on the surface of the bubble, e.g., in the case of a cubic bubble, the size of the bubble is the length of the diagonal of the cube.
In a preferred embodiment, the size of the bubbles is 0.5-1.5cm, and the bubbles can stably exist in water or aqueous solution, which is very beneficial to the application in the field of sound wave regulation.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the structure of the first aspect and the use of the bubble array formed by the method of the second aspect in acoustic wave modulation.
The invention constructs the bubble array in water or aqueous solution through the structure body, and adjusts the formed bubble array (such as the size and the distance of bubbles) through adjusting the specific structure of the structure body, thereby realizing the required sound wave regulation.
In one embodiment, the three-dimensional bubble array formed by adjusting the three-dimensional structure can block sound waves in a wider frequency range (such as 0-100kHz, 0-80kHz and 2-26 kHz), and has potential application values in noise blocking and sound wave reflection signal enhancement.
In one embodiment, the invention constructs a two-dimensional structure, the two-dimensional structure is placed in water or aqueous solution to form a two-dimensional bubble array, the two-dimensional bubble array is formed at the interface of the water and the bubbles, the impedance of the interface is adjusted, the ultra-transmission of sound waves with specific frequency (such as 0-2000Hz) is realized, and an impedance matching ultra-surface is formed.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
The following examples, comparative examples relate to test methods:
(1) acoustic wave transmittance test
An acoustic baffle was placed around the structure and an underwater acoustic transmitter was placed 5 meters in front of the structure. A sound test probe is placed in front of and behind the structure. The transmission coefficient of the structure is calculated by comparing the sound pressure level data of the two probes, and the projection coefficient is calculated by the following formula.
R＝10log10(Itrans/Iin)
R is a transmission coefficient; i istransIntensity of sound transmitted through the structure, IinIs the incident sound intensity.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of the Structure
The nylon powder material (thermal deformation temperature 145 ℃, obtained from Shenzhen future industrial area science and technology Limited, and with the trademark FS3300PA) is prepared into a hydrophobic structure A1 (shown in FIG. 2) by using A3D printer (EOS P500) by using a selective laser sintering process. The contact angle (theta) of the surface of the structure A1 was 120 DEG, and the structure was composed of 125 cube-framed base units having a frame length of 4mm, a frame diameter of 1.5mm, and alpha0Is 105 degrees and satisfies formula (I).
(2) Preparation of three-dimensional bubble arrays
The structure prepared in the step (1) is directly placed in water, bubbles can be formed in the frame base unit, and a three-dimensional bubble array (a partial diagram of the bubble array is shown in figure 3) is further formed, wherein the size of the bubbles is 6.93 mm.
Example 2
The method described in example 1 is referred to, except that the faces of the cube-frame base unit have additional boxes thereon to divide the faces of the cube into a3 x 3 structure, as shown in fig. 5C. The structure A2 was finally obtained, in which the cube-frame base unit had a frame length of 10mm, a frame diameter of 1.5mm, a surface contact angle of 120 degrees, a0Is 105 degrees and satisfies formula (I). Finally, a three-dimensional bubble array with the bubble size of 17.3mm is obtained.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of the Structure
Polylactic acid (melting point 150 ℃, available from shanghai assist vessel plastics ltd, and having a trademark of 4032D) was prepared into a polylactic acid three-dimensional frame structure comprising a rectangular parallelepiped frame base unit by a fused deposition 3D printing process using a 3D printer (creative CT-228).
(2) Hydrophobic treatment of material surface
And performing hydrophobic modification on the surface of the polylactic acid three-dimensional framework structure. Processing the table for 300s with 150W power in an oxygen plasma instrumentThe surface is super-hydrophilic, then the silicon wafer is placed in a vacuum drier, a glass sheet is placed around the silicon wafer, 1H,2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl trimethoxy silane is dripped on the glass sheet by using a dropper, and then the glass sheet is sealed and vacuumized for fifteen minutes. Heating in an oven at 90 deg.C for 2h to obtain hydrophobic structure A3, wherein the rectangular frame base unit has a frame length of 3.5mm, a frame diameter of 1.5mm, a contact angle of 110 deg., and an angle of alpha0Is 110 degrees and satisfies the formula (I).
(3) Preparation of three-dimensional bubble arrays
A three-dimensional array of bubbles was formed by immersing the hydrophobic structure a3 in water to form a bubble with a bubble size of 6.1mm in each of the cubic frame base units.
Example 4
(1) Preparation of the Structure
A replica mold plate was printed using a 3D printer (creative CT-228) using polylactic acid (melting point 150 ℃, available from shanghai assist tripod plastics limited, trademark 4032D) as the material by a fused deposition 3D printing process. Polydimethylsiloxane precursor (available from dow corning, inc., under the designation SYLGARD184) and curing agent (silicone curing agent) were mixed thoroughly and poured into a replica mold. The mixture was placed in a desiccator and the pressure was reduced to remove air bubbles from the template. Then, the resulting product was cured in an oven at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to prepare a cubic frame base unit and a connecting rod. And after the solidification is finished, taking out the obtained cubic frame base unit and the connecting rod from the composite template. Mutually using a plurality of cubic frame base units and connecting rods to bond and cure polydimethylsiloxane to form an integral frame structure, namely a structure A4, wherein the length of a frame of each cubic frame base unit is 6mm, the diameter of the frame is 2.5mm, the contact angle is 130 degrees and alpha is alpha0Is 120 DEG, and satisfies formula (I).
(2) Preparation of three-dimensional bubble arrays
Structure a4 was immersed in water to form a bubble in each cubic frame base unit, thereby forming a three-dimensional array of bubbles, the bubble size being 10.4 mm.
Example 5
(1) Preparation of the Structure
With reference to the method described in step (1) of example 1, except that a single-layer frame structure as shown in FIG. 7 (in which four corners of the structure include four pillar structures which allow a single-layer bubble to float on the water surface) was prepared, a structure A5 was obtained in which the frame length of the cubic frame base unit was 4mm, the frame diameter was 2mm, the pillar height was 2mm, the contact angle was 110 degrees, and α was0Is 120 DEG, and satisfies formula (I).
(2) Preparation of bubble arrays
When the structure a5 is placed in water, a bubble is formed in each cubic frame base unit, and the layer of bubbles can be suspended on the water surface (as shown in fig. 8). The size of the formed bubbles was 4 mm.
Example 6
Using structure a1 prepared in example 1, a bubble array was prepared as follows:
half the amount of water was injected into the pool, and then sulfur hexafluoride gas was injected into the pool. Structure a1 was placed in the upper half of the pool. And then immersing the structure body into water to form the bubble array of the sulfur hexafluoride in the structure body.
Comparative example 1
Referring to the method described in example 3, except that in step (2), the three-dimensional frame structure of polylactic acid obtained by 3D printing was treated in an oxygen plasma instrument at a power of 150W for 300s to make the surface hydrophilic without hydrophobic modification. Finally, a structure D1 was obtained in which the rectangular parallelepiped frame base unit had a frame length of 3.5mm, a frame diameter of 1.5mm, a contact angle of 60 degrees, a0Is 140 DEG, and does not satisfy the formula (I).
When the structure D1 was immersed in water, the water entered the frame structure and no bubble array could be formed.
Comparative example 2
With reference to the method described in example 1, except that, in the structure prepared by 3D printing, the frame length of the cubic frame base unit was 12mm, the frame diameter was 1mm, the contact angle was 120 °, α °0135 deg. which does not satisfy formula (I).
When the structure D2 was immersed in water, the water entered the frame structure and no bubble array could be formed.
Test example 1
The structure A1-A5 was hung 2m below the water surface with a rope, and the acoustic wave transmittance was measured. The test frequency range is 2kHz-40 kHz.
Fig. 4 shows the results of the acoustic wave transmittance test for structure a 1. As shown in FIG. 4, the structure A1 does not affect the transmission of sound waves in the frequency range of 27kHz-40 kHz. In the frequency range of 2kHz-26kHz, the transmission of the acoustic waves is affected by the array of bubbles generated by structure A1, and in the frequency range of 2kHz-20kHz, the acoustic waves are substantially opaque to the array of bubbles generated by structure A1. This shows that the array of bubbles generated by the structure a1 exhibits a good sound-shielding effect in the range of 2kHz to 26 kHz. The test results also show that the bubble arrays produced by structures A2-A5 also exhibit good sound shielding in the 2kHz-26kHz range.
As in example 6, the results of the acoustic wave transmittance test showed that the array of sulfur hexafluoride bubbles generated by structure a1 exhibited good sound shielding effect even in the range of 2kHz to 26 kHz.
The structures D1 and D2 were immersed in water according to the above method, and subjected to the acoustic wave transmittance test. The results showed that the structures D1, D2, which could not generate bubbles, did not have any acoustic wave-blocking performance in the range of 2kHz-40 kHz.
Test example 2
The band structure of the bubble array is calculated by finite element simulation, and the acoustic band gap range of the bubble array (the acoustic wave in the acoustic band gap range (frequency range) cannot propagate in the bubble array) is theoretically calculated. As shown in fig. 6, which shows a theoretical calculation band diagram of different bubble arrays, where D is the bubble diameter, L is the box length of the polyhedron frame base unit (the abscissa in fig. 6 is the symmetry point in the first brillouin zone, and the ordinate is the frequency), and the frequency range not covered by the curve in the theoretical calculation band diagram is the acoustic band gap. It can be seen from fig. 6 that as the diameter of the bubble increases, the width of the acoustic band gap becomes larger, reaching 0-80kHz, and even 0-100 kHz.
Test example 3
The transmission spectrum of the bubble array obtained in example 5 was tested. The structure described in example 5 was placed on the water surface. A sound box (50 cm from the water surface) is placed in the water just below the structure, and a microphone is placed in the air above the water surface to receive sound (5 cm from the water surface). The sound emits sound at 1000Hz to 2000 Hz. The intensity of the sound in the air was obtained from the microphone, and a blank control experiment using no structure was set. The blank control experiment shows that sound is not transmitted through the water surface and effectively transmitted into the air, and the test results using structure a5 are shown in fig. 9 (in fig. 9, the abscissa is the frequency of the transmitted sound wave, and the ordinate is the frequency of the transmitted sound wave received by the microphone, and the color in the figure represents the intensity of the transmitted sound wave. Fig. 9 shows that sound is transmitted in the 1400-1600Hz range, and that sound transmitted at 1484Hz is strongest.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A structure, comprising: a polyhedral frame base unit and a connecting rod connected between two adjacent polyhedral frame base units, wherein a surface of the structure body, which is in contact with water or an aqueous solution, is hydrophobic and satisfies the following formula (I),
wherein d is the longest frame length of the polyhedral frame base unit;
r is the frame radius of the polyhedral frame basic unit;
θ is the contact angle of the surface of the structure in contact with water or an aqueous solution;
ρ is the density of water;
g is the acceleration of gravity;
σ is the surface tension of water;
α0is an included angle between a three-phase contact point and the vertical direction,
when the structure body is placed in water or an aqueous solution, bubbles are generated in the polyhedral frame base unit and can stably exist to form a bubble array.
2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the polyhedral frame base unit is selected from at least one of a tetrahedral frame base unit, a hexahedral frame base unit, an octahedral frame base unit, a decahedral frame base unit, a dodecahedral frame base unit, a hexadecahedral frame base unit, and an icosahedral frame base unit;
preferably, the frame length of the polyhedral frame basic unit is 0.5-10mm, the frame diameter is 0.2-3mm, and preferably, the frame length is 1-8mm, and the frame diameter is 0.2-2.5 mm.
3. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the polyhedral frame base unit is selected from at least one of a cubic frame base unit, a cylindrical frame base unit, and a rectangular parallelepiped frame base unit.
4. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the contact angle of the surface of the structure in contact with water or an aqueous solution is between 90 ° and 150 °, preferably between 100 ° and 130 °;
preferably, the structure is made of a hydrophobic material;
more preferably, the hydrophobic material is selected from at least one of polyamide, polylactic acid, epoxy resin, polydimethylsiloxane, and hydrophobic glass.
5. The structure of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the structure comprises a plurality of chain structures extending in the first direction, each chain structure comprising a polyhedral frame base unit and a connecting bar connected between two adjacent polyhedral frame base units, the connecting bar being oriented in the first direction.
6. The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a support member for supporting the polyhedral frame basic unit and the connecting rods.
7. A method of forming an array of gas bubbles, the method comprising exposing the structure of any one of claims 1-6 to water or an aqueous solution.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising placing the structure in an atmosphere of a specific gas selected from at least one of air, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, and sulfur hexafluoride, prior to placing the structure in water or an aqueous solution.
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising preparing the structure by a 3D printing method or an injection molding method;
preferably, the 3D printing method is selected from at least one of fused deposition type 3D printing method, selective laser sintering molding, selective laser melting molding, selective heat sintering molding 3D printing method, stereolithography molding and digital light processing.
10. Use of a structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and an array of bubbles formed by a method according to any one of claims 7 to 9 for acoustic wave manipulation.
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