CN218123724U - Reflection-type ultra-wideband low-RCS phase gradient super-surface - Google Patents
Reflection-type ultra-wideband low-RCS phase gradient super-surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reflection-type phase gradient super-surface structure in two-dimensional rotary arrangement, which is formed by arranging four same super-unit blocks in a clockwise rotary manner, wherein each super-unit block is formed by arranging four units with the same shape and different sizes according to 4 multiplied by 4, each unit is formed by a medium substrate and two layers of metal printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium substrate, the upper layer of metal is formed by two concentric rings and a cross patch in the inner ring, and the lower surface is a metal reflecting plate. The distance between the circular rings and the width of the cross patch are kept unchanged, stable reflection phase difference is kept between adjacent size units by adjusting the inner diameter of the circular rings, and the units are repeatedly arranged in one direction to introduce phase gradient. The structure can uniformly scatter the vertically incident electromagnetic waves to four directions to reduce the normal reflected wave energy, has the performance of reducing RCS in an ultra-wide band, and is insensitive to polarization due to the symmetry in the orthogonal direction. The method is suitable for stealth design of the radar antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the electromagnetic metamaterial technology.
Background
With the rapid development of electronic information technology, the stealth performance of weaponry and combat platforms is more and more emphasized. The probability of detection and discovery of equipment with excellent stealth performance in modern military countermeasures is greatly reduced, the discovery time is prolonged, and the survival capability is greatly improved. The essence of target stealth is that electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar are absorbed or scattered to other directions by changing the structural appearance of the target or adding foreign materials to the target, so that the energy of reflected signals in the incoming wave direction is reduced, and the difficulty of radar detection is increased. The concept of Radar Cross Section (RCS), i.e. the ratio of the reflected power density at the Radar receiver to the incident wave power density at the target, is proposed to characterize the scattering properties of the target. The smaller the RCS of the scatterer, the smaller the detected distance, and the stronger its stealth. For example, when the RCS of the target is reduced by 10dB, the detection range of the target by the radar is reduced to about 55 percent of the original detection range.
Electromagnetic Metamaterials (Metamaterials) are artificially designed novel electromagnetic materials composed of periodic array units with sub-wavelength sizes, and possess many extraordinary physical properties different from conventional materials in nature. The electromagnetic super surface (Metasurface) is a two-dimensional form of a metamaterial structure, and the Phase Gradient super surface (PGM) is an important research content of the electromagnetic metamaterial. Compared with the traditional stealth materials such as wave-absorbing materials and the like, the super-surface structure has the characteristics of low section, light weight, small loss, simplicity in processing and the like, and the phase gradient super-surface structure can flexibly regulate and control electromagnetic waves such as change of the polarization mode and the propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves, so that the RCS of a target is reduced by adopting the phase gradient super-surface design, and the phase gradient super-surface structure has a certain use value.
There are three main methods for designing phase gradients: (1) The angle is changed, for example, yu et al, a research scholarer at the university of Harvard in 2011, firstly proposes a concept of phase gradient super surface, designs a phase gradient super unit with a V-shaped structure, mainly changes the length of a structural arm and an included angle between two arms to enable a reflection phase to cover a range of 2 pi, the reflection phase difference of adjacent units is pi/4, and totally introduces 8 units to form the phase gradient super surface, so that the abnormal reflection effect on electromagnetic waves is realized; in addition, 2014 air force engineering university Li Yongfeng and the like design a two-dimensional non-dispersive high-efficiency phase gradient super surface, and the electromagnetic waves are regulated and controlled by realizing phase change through rotating a structural unit in a plane; (2) The structural size is changed, for example, an H-shaped unit is designed by subject group of professor Zhou Lei of the university of Redding in 2012, and the electromagnetic wave abnormal reflection effect in a wide frequency band is realized by changing the arm length of the patch and arranging and introducing gradients in a one-dimensional direction; (3) An active device is loaded, and by loading a resistor, a diode and the like on the unit structure, the reflection phase and the reflection coefficient can be effectively changed by changing the electrical parameters of the device, for example, in 2013, hong et al load a varactor and change the reflection phase of the unit by adjusting the capacitance value of the varactor, so that the deflection effect on electromagnetic beams is realized.
In the prior art, the super surface can only realize the regulation and control of electromagnetic waves in a narrow frequency band, the reflectivity is not ideal, and the sensitivity to polarized waves is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a reflection type ultra-wideband low RCS phase gradient super surface based on the abnormal reflection effect of the phase gradient super surface on electromagnetic waves, which has a lower scattering cross section area and a good electromagnetic stealth effect in a broadband range compared with a PEC plate with the same size.
The technical design scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a reflection-type ultra-wideband low-RCS phase gradient super surface comprises four same super unit blocks which are arranged in a clockwise rotation mode; the super cell block is composed of four units which are identical in shape and different in size and are arranged in a 4 x 4 linear mode, and each unit is composed of a dielectric substrate and two layers of metal printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
Furthermore, the four units with different sizes are sequentially and linearly arranged according to the sizes, a phase gradient is introduced in one direction, and the four units are repeatedly arranged three times in the orthogonal direction to form a super unit block.
Furthermore, the four super cell blocks are orthogonally arranged by rotating 90 degrees clockwise to form a super surface structure.
Furthermore, the upper metal part of the unit is composed of two metal rings, a cross-shaped patch is connected in the inner ring, and the inner ring and the cross-shaped patch are connected into a whole.
Furthermore, the overall size of the metal parts on the upper layers of the four units is controlled by the diameter of the outer ring, the diameter of the inner ring and the length of the cross patch are changed along with the diameter of the outer ring, and the width of the ring, the distance between the two rings and the width of the cross patch are kept unchanged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the electromagnetic wave is perpendicularly incident, uniform scattering of the electromagnetic wave is achieved, and the super-surface has a smaller RCS in a wide frequency band range compared to a PEC panel of the same size.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a super-surface unit structure of the present invention: (a) a three-dimensional perspective view, (b) a two-dimensional top view;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a super-surface super-cell block structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the phase gradient super-surface of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the reflection response versus frequency for various r values for a super-surface unit of the present invention: (a) is a reflectance curve and (b) is a reflection phase curve;
FIG. 5 is a graph of single station RCS and reduction versus frequency for a super-surface and co-sized PEC plate of the present invention at electromagnetic wave incidence: (a) RCS curves for the super-surface and the PEC, (b) RCS reduction curves for the super-surface;
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional scattering curve at 18GHz with the super-surface and co-sized PEC plate of the invention perpendicular to the electromagnetic wave.
In the figure: 1: a metal layer on the upper surface of the printed board; 1-1: an outer ring of the structure 1; 1-2: the inner circular ring of 1 is formed; 1-3: a cross patch inside the inner ring; 2: a dielectric plate; 3: a metal layer on the lower surface of the printed board; r: the outer toroid radius; d1: the width of the ring and the width of the cross patch; d2: the distance between the inner and outer rings; h: the thickness of the dielectric material.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained in detail below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
The invention provides a reflection-type ultra-wideband low-RCS phase gradient super surface, which comprises four same super cell blocks which are arranged in a clockwise rotation manner; the super cell block is composed of four units which are identical in shape and different in size and are arranged in a 4 x 4 linear mode, and each unit is composed of a dielectric substrate and two layers of metal printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the metal layer 1 consists of an inner concentric ring 1-1 and an outer concentric ring 1-2 and a cross patch 1-3 which is internally connected with the inner ring, and the metal layer 2 is a whole reflecting plate with the same size as the medium.
Preferably, the four units forming the super unit block are the same in shape, the size is controlled by the diameter of the outer ring, the diameter of the inner ring and the length of the cross patch are changed along with the diameter of the outer ring, and the width of the ring, the distance between the two rings and the width of the cross patch are kept unchanged;
preferably, the super cell block is formed by sequentially linearly arranging four cells according to size to introduce a phase gradient in one direction and repeatedly arranging the four cells three times in an orthogonal direction thereof;
preferably, the super-surface is composed of four identical super-unit blocks which are orthogonally arranged in a clockwise direction with a rotation of 90 degrees in turn.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a three-dimensional schematic and a two-dimensional top view of the structure of a super-surface unit, the unit of the present invention is composed of a three-layer structure: the upper layer is a metal patch 1, the middle layer is a dielectric material 2 with the dielectric constant of 2.2 and the loss tangent of 0.0009, the thickness h of the dielectric material is 2mm, the dielectric material plays a role in supporting and printing a metal surface layer, the lower surface of the dielectric is a metal reflecting plate 3, and the size of the metal reflecting plate is consistent with that of the lower surface of the dielectric layer. The metal patch on the upper surface comprises an inner ring 1-1, an outer ring 1-2 and a cross patch structure 1-3 internally connected with the inner ring, the radius r of the outer ring is not fixed as a variable and is used for controlling the change of a phase, the widths of the inner ring and the outer ring are equal and are respectively 0.5mm by d1, the distance d2 between the two rings is 0.45mm, the cross patch is connected with the inner ring into a whole, the length of the cross patch is equal to the inner diameter of the inner ring, the width of the cross patch is equal to the widths of the two rings and is 0.5mm, and the period p of a unit is 8mm. The unit structure has symmetry in the orthogonal direction and has the characteristic of insensitive polarization.
Referring to fig. 2, in order to cover a phase of 0-2 pi in a super cell block composed of four units with different sizes, the phase difference between adjacent units is maintained at about pi/4 in the operating frequency band, so that the radius r of the outer circular ring corresponding to 4 units is 2mm, 2.3mm, 2.7mm, and 3mm, respectively, and the rest of the structure is maintained as same as the above. The super cell block is structured in a way that four sizes of cells are arranged from small to large into a group, and three groups are repeated in another orthogonal direction to form a group of 16 cells, wherein the number of the cells in each size is 4.
Referring to fig. 3, the super surface structure is composed of super cell blocks arranged by sequentially rotating 90 ° clockwise, and 64 units having uniformity in horizontal and vertical directions.
The beneficial effects of the present invention will be further explained by combining with simulation experiments.
1. Simulation conditions and content
The reflectivity and reflection phase of the super-surface unit and the RCS of the super-surface and PEC boards of the same size of the embodiment 1 were simulated by using commercial simulation software, and the simulation results are shown in fig. 4 to 6.
2. Analysis of simulation results
Referring to fig. 4, it can be seen that the reflectances and the reflection phases of the super-surface cells in example 1 are all 99% or more and the reflection performance is good for the change curves of the frequencies in the range of 10 to 26GHz when the r values are 2.0mm, 2.3mm, 2.7mm and 3.0mm, respectively, and the slope of the reflection phase curve increases with the increase of the r value, a phase gradient is formed between adjacent size cells, the phase difference is about pi/4, and the phase difference of four cells covers the range of 2 pi.
Referring to fig. 5, for the curves of frequency variation of the single-station RCS and the RCS reduction of the super-surface compared to the PEC plate in the case of the super-surface and the PEC plate of the same size in example 1 at normal incidence of electromagnetic waves, it can be seen that the super-surface is designed to have different degrees of RCS reduction in a frequency band, wherein the reduction is more than 10dB in a wide frequency band of 12-23.8 GHz. Therefore, the phase gradient super surface has obvious stealth effect.
Referring to fig. 6, which is a two-dimensional scattering curve of the super-surface and the PEC plate of example 1 at normal incidence of electromagnetic waves at a center frequency of 18GHz, it can be seen that the super-surface has a reduced reflection energy of the normal main lobe compared to the PEC, and is uniformly scattered in four directions, and the super-surface has a lower reflection energy in an angular region of ± 10 °. Therefore, the super surface has an effect of abnormally reflecting the electromagnetic wave.
Claims (5)
1. A reflection-type ultra-wideband low RCS phase gradient super-surface is characterized in that: the unit comprises four identical super unit blocks which are arranged in a clockwise direction, wherein each super unit block is formed by linearly arranging four units which are identical in shape and different in size according to a 4 x 4 mode, and each unit is composed of a dielectric substrate and two layers of metal printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
2. The reflective ultra-wideband low RCS phase gradient super-surface of claim 1, wherein: the upper metal part of the unit is composed of two metal rings, a cross-shaped patch is connected in the inner ring, and the inner ring and the cross-shaped patch are connected into a whole.
3. The reflective ultra-wideband low RCS phase gradient super-surface of claim 2, wherein: the overall size of the upper metal parts of the four units is controlled by the diameter of the outer ring, the diameter of the inner ring and the length of the cross patch are changed along with the diameter of the outer ring, and the width of the ring, the distance between the two rings and the width of the cross patch are kept unchanged.
4. The reflective ultra-wideband low RCS phase gradient super-surface of claim 1, wherein: the four units with different sizes are sequentially and linearly arranged according to the sizes, a phase gradient is introduced in one direction, and the four units are repeatedly arranged three times in the orthogonal direction to form a super unit block.
5. The reflective ultra-wideband low RCS phase gradient meta-surface of claim 1, wherein: the four super cell blocks are orthogonally arranged by rotating 90 degrees clockwise to form a super surface structure.
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| CN115241653A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | Reflection-type ultra-wideband low-RCS phase gradient super-surface |
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| CN115241653A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | Reflection-type ultra-wideband low-RCS phase gradient super-surface |
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