CN108987934B - Ultra-wideband radar and super-material with reduced scattering cross section - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband radar and super-material with reduced scattering cross section Download PDFInfo
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- CN108987934B CN108987934B CN201810569342.3A CN201810569342A CN108987934B CN 108987934 B CN108987934 B CN 108987934B CN 201810569342 A CN201810569342 A CN 201810569342A CN 108987934 B CN108987934 B CN 108987934B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-wideband radar and a metamaterial with a reduced scattering cross section. The metamaterial is composed of M multiplied by N finite aperiodic structural units; the limited aperiodic structure unit comprises a metal floor, a dielectric slab and a metal patch arranged on the dielectric slab; the metal patches comprise a cross-shaped metal patch and a metal ring patch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metamaterials, and particularly relates to an ultra-wideband radar scattering cross section (RCS) reduction metamaterial based on a multi-wave destructive interference physical mechanism and an ultra-wideband radar.
Background
Radars radiate electromagnetic energy into the air space through an antenna, with the energy propagating forward in the form of electromagnetic waves. Due to the diversity of the shapes and surfaces of the targets, when the electromagnetic waves meet the targets, the electromagnetic waves are reflected in multiple directions, and a part of the reflected waves return to the direction of the radar to be intercepted. The radar can obtain information such as the distance, the direction, the speed and the like of the detected target according to the intercepted signals.
The Radar Cross Section (RCS) is a physical quantity that measures the strength of a radar echo. However, in order to reduce the reflection of electromagnetic waves emitted by radar, it is required to reduce the RCS of a target, so that it is difficult to detect and recognize by an enemy radar in a certain frequency range, and key information of the target to be detected cannot be obtained, thereby evading detection by the radar. When the radar system is used, the RCS of the target under test depends primarily on the shape of the appearance and the electromagnetic properties of the target material. Through the design of the shape structure, the reflected wave of the target deviates from the radar transmitting direction. However, the contour hiding technology has been developed to the bottleneck stage, and is limited by pneumatic performance, so that the contour hiding technology is difficult to be improved greatly. The wave-absorbing material can convert electromagnetic energy into heat for dissipation, but the current domestic research on the wave-absorbing material has the defects of narrow band, low efficiency, high density and the like, and the application is also limited; the plasma technology utilizes high-power microwaves to generate plasma in a main scattering area of a weapon platform so as to absorb or attenuate incident electromagnetic waves.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-wideband radar with a reduced scattering cross section and an ultra-wideband radar, wherein the ultra-wideband radar comprises the following components in parts by weight:
in one aspect of the invention, an ultra-wideband radar scattering cross section reduction metamaterial surface is provided, wherein the metamaterial surface is composed of M × N finite aperiodic structure units; the limited aperiodic structure unit comprises a metal floor, a dielectric slab and a metal patch arranged on the dielectric slab; the metal patches comprise a cross-shaped metal patch and a metal ring patch. The metal ring patch can be a metal square ring patch, or a metal circular ring patch or other metal ring patches.
Further, by setting a thickness parameter of the dielectric plate in the finite aperiodic structure unit; and/or the arm length parameter of the cross metal patch; and/or, a dimensional parameter of the metal ring patch; so as to suppress backscattering of electromagnetic waves incident on the surface of the metamaterial.
Further, when the plane wave is incident on the metamaterial, M × N reflected waves generated by the M × N finite aperiodic structure units destructively interfere, so that a radar scattering cross section is reduced.
Further, the metal patch unit is arranged around the cross-shaped metal patch.
Further, the metal ring patches constitute a P × P array not including the central T cross-shaped metal ring patches, P, T being an odd number.
Further, the width of the finite aperiodic structure unit is D, the ring width of the metal ring patch is omega, and omega is not more than D/P2The metal ring patch is selected from one of the following sizes: dimension S of 1 st1Satisfy D/P-2 omega < S1D/P-omega is less than or equal to; dimension S of 2 nd2Satisfy D/P-3 omega < S2Less than or equal to D/P-2 omega; dimension S of No. 33Satisfy D/P-4 omega < S3Less than or equal to D/P-3 omega; … …, respectively; p-2 size SP-2Satisfy D/P- (P-1) omega < SP-2≤D/P-(P-2)ω。
Further, the width of the finite aperiodic structure unit is D, the ring width of the metal ring patch is omega, and omega is not more than D/P2The cross-shaped metal patch is selected from one of the following sizes: width W of cross metal patch arm: w is not less than omega and not more than D/P, the arm length L of the cross metal patch is as follows: l is more than or equal to 3W and less than or equal to (P-2) W.
Further, the M × N finite aperiodic structure units are 4 × 4.
Further, the dielectric plate is an F4B-2 dielectric plate.
Furthermore, the surface of the metamaterial can realize RCS reduction of more than 10dB on a frequency band of 6.16GHz-41.63 GHz.
In another aspect of the invention, an ultra-wideband radar is provided, which uses the ultra-wideband radar scattering cross section reduction metamaterial surface.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a metamaterial formed by randomly arranging 16 non-periodic units for the first time, and RCS reduction of more than 10dB can be realized on 6.76 frequency multiplication. Compared with the 180-degree phase difference cancellation and encoding metamaterial, the multi-wave destructive interference method used in the invention has obvious advantages. Most of previous researches use two basic units for metamaterial design, but the invention uses 16 non-periodic basic units, which can not only meet the reflection phase characteristics of destructive interference, but also achieve a certain RCS reduction effect, thereby greatly enhancing the regulation and control capability of the metamaterial on electromagnetic waves, and increasing the frequency band of RCS reduction of more than 10dB from the original 3 frequency doubling to 6.76 frequency doubling. By utilizing the field superposition principle, when incident plane waves vertically irradiate on the metamaterial, reflected waves of 16 non-periodic units are superposed in space, the electric field intensity of a certain point in the space is the superposition of each reflected wave, and the size and the direction of the electric field depend on the arrangement of 16 basic units. The diffuse scattering of electromagnetic waves is realized by the random arrangement of the 16 non-periodic units, so that the purpose of reducing the dual-station RCS is achieved. The invention provides a new design idea and concept for realizing the RCS reduction technology.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings;
fig. 1(a) is a schematic diagram of a field superposition theory of incident waves incident on M × N structural units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 1(b) is a schematic diagram of superposition of M × N reflected waves in the far-field region according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a non-periodic structure unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the RCS reduction value controlled by adjusting the geometric parameters L and h according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of structure optimization of the aperiodic cell structure in the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a graph of the RCS reduction theoretical value of a metamaterial composed of 16 non-periodic units selected by optimization according to an embodiment of the invention, as a function of frequency;
FIG. 5(b) is a graph of reflection phase versus frequency for a normal incidence condition for 16 aperiodic structure units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(c) is a graph of normalized reflection amplitude versus frequency for a normal incidence condition for 16 aperiodic structure units provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic surface view of a metamaterial composed of 16 aperiodic structure units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the RCS reduction value of a metamaterial composed of 16 aperiodic structure units along with the change of frequency under the simulation conditions of x polarization and y polarization respectively;
FIG. 8 is a two-station directional diagram of a metamaterial and a metal plate with the same size at 7GHz, 12GHz and 20GHz under a vertical incidence simulation condition on the surface of the metamaterial composed of 16 non-periodic structure units;
FIG. 9 is a graph of RCS reduction of TE and TM polarizations as a function of frequency for a metamaterial surface constructed with 16 aperiodic building units under oblique incidence simulation conditions;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of a metamaterial object composed of 16 aperiodic structure units;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a single station RCS measurement system;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a simulation implementation of an ultra-wideband RCS reduction metamaterial is provided, wherein the metamaterial works in a 6.16GHz-41.63GHz frequency band, a relative bandwidth is 148.4%, and a ratio bandwidth is 6.76: 1.
in one embodiment of the present description, a field superposition theory diagram is given as shown in fig. 1(a), 1 (b). When plane waves are incident to the surface of the metamaterial composed of M multiplied by N crystal lattices, M multiplied by N reflected waves can be generated, the amplitude and the phase of the reflection coefficient of the M multiplied by N reflected waves are different, and the reflected waves are superposed in space to realize destructive interference. The reflection coefficient of the reflected wave generated by each lattice is arbitrary.
In one embodiment of the present description, a design process for the aperiodic cell structure used is given as shown in FIG. 2. The metal ring patches constitute a P × P array that does not contain the central T cross-shaped metal ring patches, P, T being an odd number.
In an alternative embodiment, 9 square ring patches in the middle of the periodic structure formed by 7 × 7 square ring patches are dug out and replaced by a cross patch, the arm length of the cross patch is 2 times of the side length of the square ring patch, and the arm width is equal to the side length of the square ring patch. The geometric parameters L and the medium thickness h of the structure are main adjusting objects in subsequent work.
In one embodiment of the present description, a schematic diagram of the regulation of the RCS reduction by adjusting the geometric parameter L and the media thickness h is shown in FIG. 3. Both the amplitude and phase values of the reflection coefficients of the basic cells need to be considered.
In one embodiment of the present specification, as shown in fig. 4, a flow chart for optimizing a basic unit of a non-periodic structure is given.
The flow chart is divided into two modules: array synthesis theory (PSO) module and multi-wave destructive interference (MWDI) module. The RCS reduction values under different conditions are calculated by continuously updating 16 groups of L and h values, 16 groups of L values and h values corresponding to the optimal RCS reduction values are searched, and the 16 groups of data are stored.
In one embodiment of the present description, a graph of the RCS reduction theory of a selected optimal metamaterial composed of 16 aperiodic units as a function of frequency is given, as shown in fig. 5(a) to 5 (c). It can be seen that there is a significant RCS reduction over a wide frequency band. FIG. 5(b) is a graph of the reflection phase versus frequency for 16 non-periodic structure units selected in the present invention under normal incidence. It can be seen that the reflection phase of the aperiodic cell has a large dynamic variation range, and the curves are basically kept parallel. FIG. 5(c) is a graph of normalized reflection amplitude versus frequency for 16 aperiodic building blocks selected in the present invention at normal incidence. It can be seen that the curves are mostly distributed below the normalized amplitude 1, which indicates that the aperiodic unit structure has the RCS reduction capability. These reflective properties enhance the ability of the metamaterial to reduce the radar cross-section over an ultra-wide band.
In one embodiment of the present description, as shown in fig. 6, a metamaterial, which can realize ultra-wideband RCS reduction, designed in the present invention, is provided, and may be referred to as a metamaterial surface. The patch is composed of M multiplied by N finite non-periodic units, and the dielectric thickness and the patch size of each finite non-periodic unit are different. The M x N groups of medium thickness h and the value of the geometric parameter L refer to the optimization result of FIG. 4, and M x N finite aperiodic structural units have random structural size and position distribution.
In an alternative embodiment, the finite aperiodic structure unit has a width D, and the metal loop patch has a loop width ω, ω≤D/P2The metal ring patch is selected from one of the following sizes: dimension S of 1 st1Satisfy D/P-2 omega < S1D/P-omega is less than or equal to; dimension S of 2 nd2Satisfy D/P-3 omega < S2Less than or equal to D/P-2 omega; dimension S of No. 33Satisfy D/P-4 omega < S3Less than or equal to D/P-3 omega; … …, respectively; p-2 size SP-2Satisfy D/P- (P-1) omega < SP-2≤D/P-(P-2)ω。
In an alternative embodiment, the 16 finite aperiodic packages numbered 1-16 in fig. 6 can be randomly arranged in a random order, and the sizes of the cross metal patches and the metal ring patches on each aperiodic package can also be changed. Setting a thickness parameter of the dielectric plate in the finite aperiodic structure unit; and/or the arm length parameter of the cross metal patch; and/or, a dimensional parameter of the metal ring patch; so as to suppress backscattering of electromagnetic waves incident on the surface of the metamaterial.
In an alternative embodiment, the metamaterial is composed of 4 × 4 finite aperiodic units, and the 16 finite aperiodic units have random arrangement sequences thereon.
In an alternative embodiment, the overall size of the 4 × 4 finite aperiodic cells is 224 × 224mm2。
In one embodiment, the metamaterial has a graph of RCS reduction versus frequency under x-polarization and y-polarization simulation conditions, respectively, as shown in fig. 7. It can be seen that there is a 10dB or more reduction in RCS from 6.16GHz to 41.63GHz with a ratio bandwidth of 6.76: 1, the reduction effect is obvious. Therefore, the novel physical mechanism used in the invention, namely the multi-wave destructive interference, has obvious effect on widening the RCS and reducing the bandwidth.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, a two-station scattering pattern of a metamaterial and a metal plate with the same size as the metamaterial at three frequency points of 7GHz, 12GHz and 20GHz under a plane wave normal incidence simulation condition is given. By comparison, the two-station RCS reduction effect of the metamaterial is also remarkable.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, a graph of the RCS reduction of a metamaterial with frequency under plane wave oblique incidence simulation conditions in TE polarization and TM polarization, respectively, is given. The oblique incidence angles are 20 ° and 40 °, respectively. Therefore, when the plane wave width is obliquely incident, the RCS reduction value of more than 10dB can be realized on the ultra-wide band no matter the TE polarization or the TM polarization.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, a physical diagram of the metamaterial designed in the present invention is provided, and the geometric parameters of the whole structure are the same as those used in the simulation process. The medium is F4B-2 with the dielectric constant of 2.65, the bottom of the medium is adhered with a metal floor, and the upper part is adhered with a square ring metal patch and a cross metal patch.
In one embodiment, a schematic diagram of a single station RCS measurement system is shown in FIG. 11. The horn antenna emits spherical waves which are reflected by the parabolic metal reflector to form plane waves. The distance between the metamaterial to be tested and the reflector meets the far field condition. The two horn antennas are respectively used as a transmitter and a receiver, and the antennas are connected to a vector network analyzer.
In summary, the application of the physical mechanism of multi-wave destructive interference proposed herein solves the problem of bandwidth limitation well. Based on a multi-wave destructive interference physical mechanism, 16 different basic units are obtained by changing the thickness of a medium and the width of a square ring of the basic unit to form the metamaterial, and the metamaterial can realize the regulation and control of electromagnetic waves on an ultra wide band. The ultra-wideband RCS (radar cross section) reduction metamaterial is realized by adopting different physical mechanisms and design ideas. The difference from the existing design is mainly that the invention is based on the multi-wave destructive interference mechanism, adopts 16 different finite aperiodic basic units,
the 16 basic units are randomly arranged by an array comprehensive theory and a particle swarm optimization algorithm, so that the 10dB RCS reduction of 6.76 frequency doubling is realized, and the working bandwidth is greatly expanded.
It should be understood that the reference to "a plurality" in the present embodiment means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The ultra-wideband radar scattering cross section reduction metamaterial is characterized by being composed of M multiplied by N finite aperiodic structural units;
the limited aperiodic structure unit comprises a metal floor, a dielectric slab and a metal patch arranged on the dielectric slab; the metal patches comprise cross metal patches and metal ring patches; the size of the cross-shaped metal patch on each aperiodic structure unit can be changed; the cross arm of the cross metal patch is parallel to the row direction of the M multiplied by N array of the finite aperiodic structure unit, and the longitudinal arm of the cross metal patch is parallel to the column direction of the M multiplied by N array of the finite aperiodic structure unit; the metal ring patches form a P multiplied by P array which does not contain T cross-shaped metal ring patches in the middle, and P, T is an odd number;
the width of the finite aperiodic structural unit is D, the width of the metal ring patch is omega, and omega is not more than D/P2The outer edge length of the metal ring patch is selected from one of the following dimensions:
dimension S of 1 st1Satisfy D/P-2 omega < S1≤ D/P-ω；
Dimension S of 2 nd2Satisfy D/P-3 omega < S2≤ D/P-2ω；
Dimension S of No. 33Satisfy D/P-4 omega < S3≤ D/P-3ω；
… …
P-2 size SP-2Satisfy D/P- (P-1) omega < SP-2≤ D/P-(P-2)ω。
2. The metamaterial surface according to claim 1, wherein the finite aperiodic structure unit is formed by setting a thickness parameter of the dielectric plate in the finite aperiodic structure unit;
and/or the arm length parameter of the cross metal patch;
and/or, a dimensional parameter of the metal ring patch;
so as to suppress backscattering of electromagnetic waves incident on the surface of the metamaterial.
3. The metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein when a plane wave is incident on the metamaterial, the M x N reflected waves generated by the M x N finite aperiodic structures destructively interfere to reduce a radar scattering cross section.
4. The metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the metal ring patches are disposed around the cross-shaped metal patch.
5. The metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the finite aperiodic unit has a width D, the metal ring patch has a ring width ω, ω ≦ D/P2The cross-shaped metal patch is selected from one of the following sizes:
width W of cross metal patch arm: w is not less than omega and not more than D/P, the arm length L of the cross metal patch is as follows: l is more than or equal to 3W and less than or equal to (P-2) W.
6. The metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the mxn finite aperiodic structure units are 4 x 4.
7. The metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric sheet is an F4B-2 dielectric sheet.
8. The metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the metamaterial surface can achieve an RCS reduction of 10dB or more over a 6.16GHz-41.63GHz band.
9. An ultra-wideband radar having an ultra-wideband radar cross-section reducing metamaterial as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN111900547B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2021-04-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on coded super surface |
| CN112103661B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-06-10 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Transparent flexible broadband microwave low-scattering structure and transparent flexible skin |
| CN112736486A (en) * | 2020-12-05 | 2021-04-30 | 南京理工大学 | Broadband RCS (radar cross section) reduced diffuse reflection structure and design method thereof |
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