CN110336136B - Wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial - Google Patents
Wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN110336136B CN110336136B CN201910703871.2A CN201910703871A CN110336136B CN 110336136 B CN110336136 B CN 110336136B CN 201910703871 A CN201910703871 A CN 201910703871A CN 110336136 B CN110336136 B CN 110336136B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/007—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with means for controlling the absorption
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial, which belongs to the technical field of stealth materials and comprises a second metamaterial layer, a third substrate, a first metamaterial layer, a fourth substrate and a metal plate bottom layer which are sequentially arranged along the electromagnetic propagation direction, wherein the first metamaterial layer comprises a first substrate, artificial microstructures arranged on the first substrate and a first wave-absorbing metamaterial printed on the first substrate; the second metamaterial layer comprises a second substrate and a second wave-absorbing metamaterial printed on the second substrate, and the second artificial microstructure unit corresponds to the first artificial microstructure unit in position; the invention realizes the comprehensive regulation and control of wave absorption and scattering, effectively combines the wave-absorbing metamaterial with the super surface by optimizing the structural design, and expands the frequency bands of the wave-absorbing metamaterial and the super surface; the characteristics of ultra-wideband, efficient reduction, light weight and ultra-thin make the invention have higher value in practical application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stealth materials, and particularly relates to a wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial.
Background
With the continuous development and application of radar detection technology, electromagnetic stealth technology for radar detection becomes more and more important. At present, the relatively mature radar stealth technology mainly comprises appearance stealth and radar absorbing material-coated stealth. The appearance is stealthy, namely incident radar waves are deflected to a non-threat direction through reasonable appearance design, but the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft is influenced by the change of the external shape. Stealth technology based on coating radar absorbing material is through the wave that detects the radar transmission with the form loss of heat energy, but this kind of technology is higher to the thickness requirement of material and leads to the thickness heavier. Therefore, the development of a novel electromagnetic stealth technology is urgently needed. A novel artificial electromagnetic material, also called electromagnetic metamaterial, refers to an artificial composite structure or composite material having unconventional physical properties that materials directly obtained in nature do not have, and generally has physical characteristics such as "sub-wavelength size" and "equivalent medium". The electromagnetic metamaterial can flexibly regulate and control electromagnetic waves, has great application value in the aspect of electromagnetic stealth, and is widely concerned in the field of military at home and abroad.
The electromagnetic wave-absorbing metamaterial and the electromagnetic super surface are used as two branches of the electromagnetic metamaterial, and have high application value in the aspect of electromagnetic stealth. The electromagnetic wave-absorbing metamaterial is characterized in that electromagnetic wave energy is converted into heat energy and is lost through dielectric loss, magnetic loss or conductive loss of the material. The electromagnetic super surface is a metamaterial in a two-dimensional form, and is composed of a two-dimensional sub-wavelength or deep sub-wavelength structural unit array. The wave front, the polarization mode, the propagation direction, the propagation mode and the like of reflected and transmitted beams can be freely regulated and controlled by modulating the spatial distribution of the reflected and transmitted amplitudes and phases of the super-surface resonance unit with the sub-wavelength structure. In addition, by the coded super surface combining the electromagnetic super surface and the binary code, the digital control of the electromagnetic wave can be realized. For example, for one-bit encoding, two basic units with a phase difference of about 180 degrees are selected and encoded as binary encoding units "0" and "1", respectively. By arranging the coding units "0" and "1" according to different coding sequences, different functions can be realized. Because the electromagnetic wave-absorbing metamaterial and the electromagnetic super surface can modulate electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic wave-absorbing metamaterial and the electromagnetic super surface can be used for reducing the radar scattering cross section.
However, the two designs for regulating electromagnetic waves by using metamaterials mainly absorb electromagnetic waves in a single direction or regulate the propagation direction of reflected waves, and comprehensive regulation of electromagnetic wave absorption and scattering is not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial, which solves the technical problem.
The invention aims to provide a wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial, which comprises a second metamaterial layer, a third substrate, a first metamaterial layer, a fourth substrate and a metal plate bottom layer, wherein the second metamaterial layer, the third substrate, the first metamaterial layer, the fourth substrate and the metal plate bottom layer are sequentially arranged along the electromagnetic propagation direction;
the first metamaterial layer comprises a first substrate and a plurality of first artificial microstructure units arranged on the first substrate, wherein each first artificial microstructure unit comprises an artificial microstructure arranged on the first substrate and a first wave-absorbing metamaterial printed on the first substrate;
the second metamaterial layer comprises a second substrate and a plurality of second artificial microstructure units arranged on the second substrate, the second artificial microstructure units are second wave-absorbing metamaterials printed on the second substrate, and the second artificial microstructure units correspond to the first artificial microstructure units in position along the electromagnetic propagation direction.
Preferably, the artificial microstructure is S-shaped, and the first wave-absorbing metamaterial is printed on the first substrate at four corners of the artificial microstructure.
Preferably, the second wave-absorbing metamaterial corresponds to the first wave-absorbing metamaterial in position along the electromagnetic propagation direction.
Preferably, the artificial microstructures are metal structures engraved on the surface of the first substrate by printed circuit board technology.
Preferably, the first wave-absorbing metamaterial and the second wave-absorbing metamaterial are resistive films.
Preferably, the square resistance of the resistance film is 90-110 omega/sq.
Preferably, the first substrate and the second substrate are both FR4 substrates with a thickness of 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the third substrate and the fourth substrate are both PMI foam substrates with the thickness of 1-3 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention realizes the comprehensive regulation and control of wave absorption and scattering, but not unilateral wave absorption or scattering, effectively combines the wave absorption metamaterial with the super surface by optimizing the structural design, expands the frequency bands of the wave absorption metamaterial and the super surface, and realizes the reduction of the radar scattering cross section of the 7.6-41.9GHz ultra-wideband; in addition, the electromagnetic wave can be controlled more flexibly by adjusting the square resistance of the resistive film and the coding mode of the super surface, and the invisible technology has wide application space;
(2) the invention combines wave absorption and scattering, realizes more efficient reduction while realizing ultra-wideband reduction, and simulation results show that the reduction of more than 15dB is realized at 8.7-27.9GHz and 31.4-39.4 GHz;
(3) in the design process, the lightweight PMI foam is used as the substrate, so that the ultra-wideband and efficient reduction is realized, and the lightweight and ultrathin characteristics ensure that the design has higher value in practical application;
(4) the resistive film wave-absorbing metamaterial and the super surface adopted by the invention have mature processing technologies at present, and are simple to prepare and low in processing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the detailed structure of each functional layer in FIG. 1; wherein: (a) is a three-dimensional schematic view of the overall unit structure; (b) the surface structure of the first artificial microstructure unit is shown schematically, the middle S-shaped area is a metal structure, four squares at the top corners are resistance films, and (c) the surface structure of the second artificial microstructure unit is shown schematically;
FIG. 3 is a homopolar simulation curve; wherein: (a) the same polarization reflection amplitude of the metal structure rotating different angles, (b) the same polarization reflection phase of the metal structure rotating different angles;
FIG. 4 shows three-dimensional far-field simulation results of a one-bit coded super-surface and resistive film integrated structure composed of different coding units at 12GHz and 35 GHz; wherein: (a) the three-dimensional far-field simulation graph of the chessboard phase integrated structure with the 12GHz coding sequence of 0101 …/1010 …, (b) the three-dimensional far-field simulation graph of the random phase integrated structure with the 12GHz coding sequence, (c) the three-dimensional far-field simulation graph of the chessboard phase integrated structure with the 35GHz coding sequence of 0101 …/1010 …, and (d) the three-dimensional far-field simulation graph of the random phase integrated structure with the 35GHz coding sequence;
FIG. 5 shows simulation results of radar scattering cross-section of a metal plate with the same size and chessboard phase and random phase within 7-42GHz range;
fig. 6 is a specular reflectance test result of a random phase distribution sample.
Description of the drawings:
1. the structure comprises a first metamaterial layer, a second metamaterial layer, a third substrate, a fourth substrate, a metal plate bottom layer and a fourth substrate, wherein the first metamaterial layer is 2, the second metamaterial layer is 3, the third substrate is 4, the fourth substrate is 5, and the metal plate bottom layer is formed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and implemented by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments are not meant to limit the present invention.
A wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial comprises a second metamaterial layer 2, a third substrate 3 (PMI foam substrates with the thickness of 1-3 mm can be selected, and the thickness is 2mm in the present), a first metamaterial layer 1, a fourth substrate 4 (PMI foam substrates with the thickness of 1-3 mm can be selected, and the thickness is 2mm in the present) and a metal plate bottom layer 5 (a metal plate with the thickness of 0.017 mm) which are sequentially arranged along the electromagnetic propagation direction, as shown in figures 1 and 2 a; the first metamaterial layer 1 comprises a first substrate (an FR4 substrate with the thickness of 0.1 mm) and a plurality of first artificial microstructure units arranged on the first substrate, wherein each first artificial microstructure unit comprises an artificial microstructure (a metal structure which is engraved on the surface of the first substrate through a printed circuit board technology and is S-shaped) arranged on the first substrate and a first wave-absorbing metamaterial printed on the first substrate (the first wave-absorbing metamaterial is distributed at four corners of the metal structure so as to ensure the synergistic effect of wave absorption and scattering); the second metamaterial layer 2 comprises a second substrate (an FR4 substrate with the thickness of 0.1 mm) and a plurality of second artificial microstructure units arranged on the second substrate, the second artificial microstructure units are second wave-absorbing metamaterials printed on the second substrate, the second artificial microstructure units correspond to the first artificial microstructure units in position along the electromagnetic propagation direction, the first wave-absorbing metamaterials and the second wave-absorbing metamaterials are resistive films, the square resistance of the resistive films can be 90-110 omega/sq, the preferred position is 100 omega/sq, the second wave-absorbing metamaterials correspond to the first wave-absorbing metamaterials in position along the electromagnetic propagation direction, and the printed area of the first wave-absorbing metamaterials is smaller than that of the second wave-absorbing metamaterials (fig. 2b and 2 c).
The wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial provided by the invention is further explained by detecting the wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial.
Simulating and detecting the homopolarity reflection amplitude of the metal structure rotating different angles through CST commercial simulation software, wherein in the simulation process, the boundary conditions in the x direction and the y direction are set as unit cell, and the z direction is set as open add space; as can be seen from the simulation result of fig. 3(a), the reflection amplitudes of the same polarization at 7.7-19.7GHz are all above 0.7, and by combining the simulation result of the reflection amplitudes of the cross polarization, it can be obtained that the polarization conversion action of the super surface is mainly at the low frequency, the wave absorption action of the resistive film is at the high frequency, and it can also be seen that the metal is rotated by different angles, and the reflection amplitudes of the same polarization are hardly affected; fig. 3(b) shows the co-polarized reflection phase of the metal structure rotated by different angles, and it can be seen that the phase difference is stable in the whole frequency band.
The three-dimensional far-field simulation diagram is obtained by simulation of CST commercial simulation software, in the simulation process, boundary conditions in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction are all set as 'open add space', incident waves are set as left-hand polarization plane waves, FIG. 4(a) is the three-dimensional far-field simulation diagram of a chessboard-phase coded super surface and resistive film integrated structure with a coded sequence of 0101 …/1010 … under 12GHz, and it can be seen that a wave beam is split into four beams so as to reduce the energy in the echo direction; FIG. 4(b) is a three-dimensional far-field simulation diagram of an integrated structure of a coded super surface and a resistive film of a random coding sequence at 12GHz, which shows that a wave beam is randomly reflected to each direction of a space, shows that the coded super surface plays a main role at a low frequency, and simultaneously, the resistive film also plays a certain wave-absorbing role; similarly, the three-dimensional far-field simulation results at 35GHz are shown in fig. 4(c) and (d), respectively, and it can be seen that the coded super-surface has a certain effect at high frequency, because the super-surface acts on unabsorbed electromagnetic waves after most of the electromagnetic waves are absorbed by the resistive film, and thus the super-surface and the resistive film act in the whole frequency band.
The simulation result of the radar scattering cross section is obtained through simulation of CST commercial simulation software, in the simulation process, boundary conditions in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction are all set as 'open add space', incident waves are left-hand polarization plane waves, fig. 5 shows the simulation result of the radar scattering cross section of a chessboard phase and a random phase within the range of 7-42GHz and a metal plate with the same size, as can be seen from the graph, the reduction effect of the chessboard phase and the random phase is almost the same, the reduction of more than 10dB is realized in the radar scattering cross section of 7.6-41.9GHz, the reduction of more than 15dB is realized in the radar scattering cross section of 8.7-27.9GHz and 31.4-39.4GHz, and the ultra wide band and high-efficiency reduction effect is realized by the combined action of wave absorption and scattering.
The specular reflectivity is tested in a microwave darkroom, a sample is placed on the ground, a transmitting and receiving horn antenna is placed about 2 meters above the sample, a metal plate with equal size is placed under the horn antenna, the specular reflectivity is normalized, and then the sample is placed at the same position as the metal plate, so that the specular reflectivity of the sample can be tested; FIG. 6 shows the results of the specular reflectivity test of the random phase distribution samples, from which it can be seen that the specular reflectivity is almost below 15dB in the range of 8.1-42 GHz.
In conclusion, the invention realizes the comprehensive regulation and control of wave absorption and scattering, but not unilateral wave absorption or scattering, effectively combines the wave-absorbing metamaterial with the super surface by optimizing the structural design, expands the frequency bands of the wave-absorbing metamaterial and the super surface, and realizes the reduction of the radar scattering cross section of the 7.6-41.9GHz ultra-wideband; in addition, the electromagnetic wave can be controlled more flexibly by adjusting the square resistance of the resistive film and the coding mode of the super surface, and the invisible technology has wide application space; the invention combines wave absorption and scattering, realizes more efficient reduction while realizing ultra-wideband reduction, and simulation results show that the reduction of more than 15dB is realized at 8.7-27.9GHz and 31.4-39.4 GHz; the invention utilizes light PMI foam as a substrate in the design process, realizes the ultra-wideband and efficient reduction, and has the characteristics of light weight and ultra-thin, so that the design has higher value in practical application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that such changes and modifications be included within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial is characterized by comprising a second metamaterial layer, a third substrate, a first metamaterial layer, a fourth substrate and a metal plate bottom layer which are sequentially arranged along the electromagnetic propagation direction;
the first metamaterial layer comprises a first substrate and a plurality of first artificial microstructure units arranged on the first substrate, wherein each first artificial microstructure unit comprises an artificial microstructure arranged on the first substrate and a first wave-absorbing metamaterial printed on the first substrate;
the artificial microstructure is S-shaped, and the first wave-absorbing metamaterial is printed on the first substrate at the four corners of the artificial microstructure respectively;
the second metamaterial layer comprises a second substrate and a plurality of second artificial microstructure units arranged on the second substrate, and the second artificial microstructure units are second wave-absorbing metamaterials printed on the second substrate; the second artificial microstructure unit corresponds to the first artificial microstructure unit in position along the electromagnetic propagation direction;
the second wave-absorbing metamaterial corresponds to the first wave-absorbing metamaterial in position along the electromagnetic propagation direction.
2. The wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the artificial microstructures are metal structures engraved on the surface of the first substrate by printed circuit board technology.
3. The wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the first wave-absorbing metamaterial and the second wave-absorbing metamaterial are resistive films.
4. The wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein the square resistance of the resistive film is 90-110 Ω/sq.
5. The wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are both FR4 substrates with a thickness of 0.1 mm.
6. The wave-absorbing/scattering integrated stealth metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the third substrate and the fourth substrate are both PMI foam substrates with the thickness of 1-3 mm.
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| CN111516340B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-22 | 宁波曙翔新材料股份有限公司 | Invisible and anti-damage shielding material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112951347B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2023-09-26 | 北京大学 | Topological optimization method of super surface and topological super surface wave absorbing structure |
| CN112993584A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 上海大学 | Intelligent stealth super surface capable of sensing electromagnetic energy |
| CN113285234B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-06-17 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | 8 ~ 14GHz wave band high efficiency wave-absorbing superstructure surface material |
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| US20140261648A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Q1 Nanosystems Corporation | Methods for manufacturing three-dimensional metamaterial devices with photovoltaic bristles |
| US10403981B2 (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-09-03 | Hyundai Motor Company | Electromagnetic wave absorber |
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