CN111064008B - A scattering-wave-transmitting integrated electromagnetic encoding metamaterial with multiple phase modulations - Google Patents
A scattering-wave-transmitting integrated electromagnetic encoding metamaterial with multiple phase modulations Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多种相位调控集成的散射透波一体化电磁编码超材料，由多层堆叠结构的超材料基本单元构成。所述基本单元包括依次设置的第一金属层、第一介质层、蜂窝层、第二介质层、第二金属层；其中第一金属层包括一个变形的耶路撒冷十字，第二金属层包括一个十字槽。特殊的结构设计使单元具有各向异性，在x和y极化波入射下呈现出不同的反射、透射特性。本发明结构简单、易于加工，能够在宽带内利用散射机制实现RCS缩减，并在RCS缩减带内有高透射率的透波频点，从而有效地改善无线电设备的工作环境。
The invention discloses a multi-phase control integrated scattering and wave-transmitting integrated electromagnetic coding metamaterial, which is composed of metamaterial basic units with a multi-layer stack structure. The basic unit includes a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a honeycomb layer, a second dielectric layer, and a second metal layer arranged in sequence; wherein the first metal layer includes a deformed Jerusalem cross, and the second metal layer includes a cross groove. The special structural design makes the unit anisotropic, showing different reflection and transmission characteristics under the incidence of x and y polarized waves. The invention has simple structure and easy processing, can realize RCS reduction in a wide band by using a scattering mechanism, and has high transmittance wave-transmitting frequency points in the RCS reduction band, thereby effectively improving the working environment of radio equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of novel artificial electromagnetic materials, and particularly relates to a scattering wave-transmitting integrated electromagnetic coding metamaterial with multiple phase regulation and control integration.
Background
A new type of artificial electromagnetic material, also known as electromagnetic metamaterial (metamaterial), is an artificial material consisting of a periodic or quasi-periodic array of sub-wavelength structures. The electromagnetic metamaterial can regulate and control the amplitude, phase, polarization state, frequency and even angular momentum of electromagnetic waves, thereby attracting wide attention. Metamaterials have a wide range of applications such as absorbers, planar lenses, polarization converters, and the like.
In modern society, antenna technology has a great number of applications, and thus, the application of the antenna cover has received wide attention. The radome can protect the antenna system from external interference. The antenna can bear the influence of severe external environment on mechanical performance, protect the antenna from being damaged by sunlight, sand blown by wind, rain, snow and the like, ensure the stable and reliable performance of an antenna system, reduce the abrasion, corrosion and aging of the antenna system and prolong the service life. To ensure that antenna performance is not affected, they must allow electromagnetic waves to be transmitted with low loss. Based on the characteristics of the band pass Frequency Selective Surface (FSS), it can be applied in the design of radomes. However, the conventional FSS-based radome tends to reflect out-of-band signals, and thus has a large Radar Cross Section (RCS). The stealth of the antenna system will be adversely affected.
At present, the metamaterial generally needs to have multiple functions to handle actual conditions. A Frequency Selective absorber (FSR) can be considered as a combination of an FSS, a radome and an absorber. Compared with the traditional FSS antenna housing, the antenna housing based on the FSR can pass through electromagnetic waves with low loss, and meanwhile, out-of-band signals can be absorbed instead of being reflected. There are many other ways to reduce RCS besides absorption, such as scattering cancellation. The FSR based on the scattering cancellation mechanism can scatter out-of-band signals while transmitting waves with low loss, thereby reducing RCS of the antenna housing and ensuring stealth performance of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to overcome the defects of a traditional antenna housing based on FSS (frequency selective surface), provides a scattering wave-transmitting integrated electromagnetic coding metamaterial with various phase regulation and control integration, and the antenna housing applying the metamaterial can realize broadband RCS (radar cross section) reduction and low-loss wave-transmitting in a band.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
a scattering wave-transparent integrated electromagnetic coding metamaterial integrated with multiple phase regulation and control functions comprises an electromagnetic coding metamaterial basic unit, a first metal layer, a first dielectric slab layer, a honeycomb layer, a second dielectric slab layer and a second metal layer, wherein the first metal layer, the first dielectric slab layer, the honeycomb layer, the second dielectric slab layer and the second metal layer are sequentially arranged; the first metal layer is a Yelu cold cross, and the Yelu cold cross has axial symmetry and does not have symmetry of rotating 90 degrees; the second metal layer is a metal with a cross groove; the two basic units of '0' and '1' of the electromagnetic coding metamaterial are of the same structure, and the '0' unit is rotated by 90 degrees to become a '1' unit.
Furthermore, the thicknesses of the first dielectric board layer and the second dielectric board layer of the electromagnetic coding metamaterial are 0.25-0.5mm, the dielectric constant is 2.2-3, the thickness of the honeycomb layer is 6-9mm, and the dielectric constant is 1.07-1.15; the unit period length of the basic unit structure is 14-20 mm.
Further, a direction perpendicular to the super surface is defined as a z direction, and when an x-polarized wave propagating in the z direction and a y-polarized wave propagating in the z direction are incident, respectively, reflected waves have the same amplitude and a phase difference of 180 °, and transmitted waves have the same amplitude and a phase difference of 0 °.
Further, the metamaterial is a super surface.
Furthermore, the phase control mode integrates two mechanisms of circuit phase and geometric phase, wherein the circuit phase is controlled by the structural parameters of the Jellian cooling cross of the first metal layer, and the geometric phase is controlled by 90 degrees obtained by rotation between the two units.
Further, the electromagnetic coding metamaterial comprises a plurality of supercells, and each supercell contains a plurality of identical '0' or '1' coding units.
The invention further provides an antenna housing, and the surface of the antenna housing is provided with the scattering wave-transmitting integrated electromagnetic coding metamaterial integrated with multiple phase regulation and control.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the scattering wave-transparent integrated electromagnetic coding metamaterial integrated with multiple phase regulation and control has a low-loss wave-transparent frequency point, RCS reduction bands are arranged on two sides of a wave-transparent band, the stealth performance of an antenna is guaranteed, and the performance is not affected.
2. The invention simultaneously utilizes the geometric phase and the circuit phase to regulate and control, thereby having the effect of scattering cancellation on the homopolar reflected wave and the cross polarization reflected wave, and having simpler design and wider working bandwidth.
3 the RCS reduction performance of the invention has certain broadband characteristic, and the insertion loss at the wave-transparent frequency point is smaller.
The invention has simple structure and convenient realization, and can complete the preparation by utilizing the process of the printed circuit board.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a basic unit model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a split structure of a basic unit model according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first metal layer in a basic cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second metal layer in the basic cell of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a phase diagram of the reflection coefficients of a normal incident electromagnetic wave by the "0" and "1" digital state encoding units according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the amplitude of the reflection coefficient and the transmission coefficient of normal incidence electromagnetic waves in the "0" and "1" digital state encoding units according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a phase diagram of the transmission coefficients of a "0" and a "1" digital state encoding unit according to the present invention with respect to normal incident electromagnetic waves;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of an encoding matrix according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of the reflection coefficient and the transmission coefficient obtained by the vector calculation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention discloses a scattering wave-transparent integrated electromagnetic coding metamaterial integrated with multiple phase regulation and control, which is divided into a scattering cancellation coding super surface and a transmission type frequency selection surface. The electromagnetic coding metamaterial basic unit comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric slab layer, a honeycomb layer, a second dielectric slab layer and a second metal layer which are sequentially arranged. The first metal layer, the first dielectric slab layer, the honeycomb layer and the second dielectric slab layer jointly form a scattering cancellation coding super surface, and the second metal layer forms a transmission type frequency selective surface.
In the embodiment of the invention, the metal material can be copper, and the dielectric plate can be a microwave dielectric plate with the model F4B. The two basic units of the electromagnetic coding metamaterial have the same structure, and the unit 0 is rotated by 90 degrees to form the unit 1. Preferably, the thickness of the dielectric plate layer is 0.25-0.5mm, the dielectric constant is 2.2-3, the thickness of the honeycomb layer is 6-9mm, and the dielectric constant is 1.07-1.15. The unit period length of the basic unit structure is 14-20 mm. The first metal layer is a Yelu cold cross (consisting of two crossed I-shaped metal strips) which has axial symmetry but no symmetry of rotation of 90 degrees; the second metal layer is a metal with a cross-shaped groove.
The direction perpendicular to the super surface is defined as a z direction, and when an x-polarized wave propagating along the z direction and a y-polarized wave propagating along the z direction are respectively incident, the reflected waves have the same amplitude and the phase difference is close to 180 degrees, and the transmitted waves have the same amplitude and the phase difference is close to 0 degree.
The metamaterial is a super surface, and two mechanisms of a circuit phase and a geometric phase are integrated in a phase regulation mode, wherein the circuit phase is regulated and controlled through structural parameters of a Yelu scattering cross of a first metal layer, and the geometric phase is regulated and controlled through 90 degrees obtained by rotation between two units.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses an antenna housing applying the metamaterial, the surface of the antenna housing is provided with the scattering wave-transmitting integrated electromagnetic coding metamaterial integrated with multiple phase regulation and control, the RCS (radar cross section) reduction of a broadband can be realized, the wave transmission is low in loss in the band, and the stealth performance of the antenna is guaranteed.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure, and by no means limitative of the remainder of the disclosure, and by any modification of the equivalent forms disclosed herein which will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure and which are intended to be covered by the appended claims. In the invention, a basic unit '0' unit is rotated by 90 degrees to be used as a '1' unit, and a coding matrix is designed to realize the scattering of normal incident electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band and the wave transmission at a specific frequency point in a scattering band. The invention is explained more in detail below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 and 2 show basic constituent units of various phase-control integrated scattering wave-transparent integrated electromagnetic coding metamaterials, which are key for realizing the functions. The unit is a multilayer stacked structure, and the '0' and '1' digital state coding units are a first metal layer 1, a first dielectric slab layer 2, a honeycomb layer 3, a second dielectric slab layer 4 and a second metal layer 5 from top to bottom in sequence. The period length of the whole unit structure is 16mm, the thickness of the dielectric plate layer is 0.25mm, the dielectric constant is 2.65, and the thickness of the honeycomb layer is 8.5 mm.
Fig. 3 and 4 show the structure of the first metal layer and the second metal layer, wherein the structure parameters are labeled as: a is1＝13.5mm,a2＝6.5mm,q3＝3mm,a4＝7mm,a5＝14mm,w1＝0.5mm,w20.5 mm. The first metal layer serves as an anisotropic super surface and plays a role of providing a circuit phase difference for an x-polarized wave propagating along a z direction (the direction perpendicular to the super surface is defined as the z direction) and a y-polarized wave propagating along the z direction, and the second metal layer serves as a band-pass type frequency selective surface and can provide a wave-transparent window at a specific frequency point.
Fig. 5-7 show that for the "0" and "1" digital state encoding units, the amplitudes of the reflection and transmission coefficients are relatively consistent, and the phase difference of the two units in the reflection frequency band is close to 180 °, and the phase difference at the transmission frequency point is close to 0 °.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a designed coding matrix pattern. In the present invention we introduce supercells, each supercell consisting of 4 x 4 identical "0" or "1" coding units to form a single coding bit, and the entire metamaterial consists of 6 x 6 supercells, so that the size of the entire coding metamaterial is 384mm by 384 mm.
FIG. 9 shows the vector calculation results of the reflection coefficient and the transmission coefficient under the coding matrix pattern, from which it can be seen that the present invention has a middle frequency passband and two absorption bands on both sides, and there is no space between the passband and the absorption bands, and it can play the role of RCS reduction in the broadband, the minimum insertion loss of the passband at 9GHz is 0.9dB, and RCS reduction of-10 dB is found in 3.5-11.5 GHz.
Claims (7)
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| CN111697335B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2021-07-20 | 盛纬伦(深圳)通信技术有限公司 | Radar antenna housing with mixed absorption and diffuse scattering |
| CN111969328B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-07-08 | 广西科技大学 | High-performance OAM wave beam generator based on double-layer super surface |
| CN112003010B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-12-03 | 电子科技大学 | Super-surface-based plane wave-electromagnetic flying ring converter and design method thereof |
| CN112332105B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-01-28 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A Ku-band wave-transmitting/shielding state switchable metamaterial structure |
| CN113394565B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-08-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | All-metal metamaterial lens with near-field convergence function and unit arrangement design method thereof |
| CN113809549B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-09-08 | 重庆邮电大学 | 2-bit electromagnetic surface unit based on two-layer cascade phase control technology |
| CN114498047B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2023-03-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband low-RCS (radar cross section) super-surface structure based on scattering and absorption synergistic effect |
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| US4684954A (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1987-08-04 | Radant Technologies, Inc. | Electromagnetic energy shield |
| CN204885436U (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-16 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Super material of filtering, antenna house and antenna |
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