CN111900547B - Broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on coded super surface - Google Patents
Broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on coded super surface Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0464—Annular ring patch
Abstract
The invention provides a broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on a coding super surface, which comprises a square upper-layer dielectric plate, a middle-layer dielectric plate and a lower-layer dielectric plate which are arranged from top to bottom and are not in contact with each other, wherein M multiplied by M rectangular microstrip radiation patches which are periodically arranged are printed at the central position of the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric plate, the coding super surface is printed on the upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric plate, and a single-input M is printed on the upper surface of the lower-layer dielectric plate2The lower surface of the output microstrip feed network is printed with a metal radiation floor, and the microstrip feed network is connected with the rectangular microstrip radiation patch through a metal probe penetrating through the middle-layer dielectric plate and the upper-layer dielectric plate. According to the invention, the coded super surface and the microstrip array antenna are highly integrated, so that the radiation characteristic is ensured, the remarkable RCS reduction is realized, and the technical problems that the antenna RCS reduction bandwidth is narrow and the radiation and scattering performance of the antenna is difficult to take into account in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, relates to a microstrip array antenna, and particularly relates to a broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on a coded super surface.
Background
In the communication field of today, a signal transmitting and receiving system is one of the most important components in the whole communication platform, an antenna is a core part in the system, and radiation characteristics are main indexes for measuring the quality of the antenna. The key to improving the scattering properties is how to reduce the radar cross section, which is the most fundamental parameter in the scattering properties and is a measure of the return power of the target in a given direction under the irradiation of a plane wave.
The antenna is used as a special scatterer, and due to the working characteristics of the antenna system, the lower radar cross section characteristic is realized on the premise of ensuring the normal radiation and electromagnetic wave receiving functions of the antenna. Therefore, reducing the RCS of the antenna while ensuring the radiation performance of the antenna has become an imminent problem.
The microstrip antenna is formed by attaching a conductor sheet to a dielectric substrate with a metal ground plate, and compared with the conventional antenna, the microstrip antenna has the advantages of light weight, small volume, thin section and easiness in processing. The array antenna is an antenna in which not less than two antenna elements are arranged and a predetermined radiation characteristic is obtained by appropriate excitation. The array is formed according to different parameters such as antenna feed current, spacing, electrical length and the like so as to obtain the required radiation characteristics, and the array is widely applied to the directions of beam control, frequency scanning, phase control and the like.
The super surface is a novel two-dimensional artificial electromagnetic material, and can achieve the effect of regulating and controlling electromagnetic properties such as phase, amplitude and the like of electromagnetic waves by elaborately designing the unit structure of the super surface, so that electromagnetic behaviors which do not exist in many natural world are realized, and the super surface is widely used for reducing RCS of an antenna due to the flexibility of the super surface in controlling electromagnetic scattering waves.
The coded super-surface establishes a corresponding relation between the phase response of the unit and digital bits '0' and '1', and utilizes a reflection phase modulation method to enable incident electromagnetic waves to generate a diffuse reflection phenomenon, thereby realizing the effect of RCS reduction. In the publication of IEEE Antenna and Wireless presentation Letters, Chen Zhang et al published a paper entitled Low Scattering Microstrip Antenna Using Coding Antenna Magnetic Conductor group in 5.2018, which discloses a Low Scattering Microstrip Array Antenna Using a coded AMC floor. The obtained coded AMC floor with the optimal layout replaces the conventional metal floor of an antenna array, the RCS reduction of the array antenna is realized, and the simulation result shows that: the antenna loaded with the coded AMC floor having the optimal layout has an unaffected radiation performance compared to the reference antenna, while the RCS reduction of the array antenna is only about 5dB in the 6-13.4GHz band (relative bandwidth of 76%), failing to achieve good radiation performance and scattering performance simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on a coded super surface aiming at the defects in the prior art, and aims to solve the technical problems that the RCS (radar cross section) of the antenna is reduced in bandwidth and is narrow and the radiation and scattering performance of the antenna is difficult to take into account in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on a coded super surface comprises a square upper dielectric plate 1, a middle dielectric plate 2 and a lower dielectric plate 3 which are arranged from top to bottom and are not in contact with each other; the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 1M multiplied by M rectangular microstrip radiation patches 4 which are periodically arranged are printed at the central position of the microstrip patch, wherein M is more than or equal to 2; the upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric plate 2 is printed with a coding super surface 5, and the coding super surface 5 is formed by respectively arranging a super subunit 51 at the position of the optimal coding sequence matrix with the median value of 1; the super subunit 51 comprises K multiplied by K basic units 511 which are periodically arranged, wherein K is more than or equal to 2, each basic unit 511 comprises a cross-shaped metal patch 5111 with a circular gap etched in the center and circular ring metal patches 5112 which are distributed in the area where each corner is located and connected with the cross-shaped metal patch 5111, the four circular ring metal patches 5112 are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the cross-shaped metal patch 5111, and each circular ring metal patch 5112 is located on the angular bisector of the corner corresponding to the area where the circular ring metal patch 5112 is located; the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate 3 is printed with a single input M2The micro-strip feed network 6 is connected with the micro-strip radiation patch 4 through a metal probe penetrating through the middle dielectric plate 2 and the upper dielectric plate 1, and a metal radiation floor 7 is printed on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 3.
In the broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on the coded super-surface, the centers of the M × M rectangular microstrip radiation patches 4 which are periodically arranged are located on the central normal line of the upper dielectric plate 1.
The optimal coding sequence matrix of the broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on the coded super-surface is obtained by adopting a rapid optimization method, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1) constructing a super-surface array which is in the same scale as the coded super-surface 5 and comprises R multiplied by R array units, and according to the antenna array theory, when incident electromagnetic waves act on the super-surface array, expressing a scattering field F of the super-surface array through a unit directional diagram EP and an array factor directional diagram AF:
F＝EP·AF
wherein R.gtoreq.2, theta and
respectively representing the elevation and azimuth of the reflected electromagnetic wave, k0The number of waves is expressed in terms of,
and
respectively representing the phase response of the m-th unit and the n-th unit in two orthogonal directions in the super surface array, d representing the period of the super surface array unit, and thetaiAnd
respectively representing the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the incident electromagnetic wave;
step 2) constructing a Fitness function Fitness through F, and exhaustively optimizing the first row of the super-surface array through the Fitness to obtain a one-dimensional coding sequence matrix, wherein the expression of the Fitness is as follows:
Fitness＝min(Fmax)；
and 3) expanding the one-dimensional coding sequence matrix according to an addition theorem to obtain a two-dimensional coding sequence matrix, and performing binary addition operation on the two-dimensional coding sequence matrix and the two-dimensional coding sequence matrix which is arranged at intervals of 0 and 1 in the same scale to obtain an optimal coding sequence matrix.
In the broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on the coded super-surface, the sum of the radius R1 of the circular slot etched in the center of the cross-shaped metal patch 5111 and the inner radius R2 of the circular ring metal patch 5112 is smaller than the distance between the center of the cross-shaped metal patch 5111 and the center of the circular ring metal patch 5112.
According to the broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on the coded super surface, the circle ring metal patch (5112) is located at the center of an angle bisector of an angle corresponding to the area where the circle ring metal patch is located.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the coded super surface is formed by respectively arranging a super subunit at the position of which the median value of an optimal coding sequence matrix is 1, wherein the super subunit comprises KxK basic units which are periodically arranged, the basic units comprise cross metal patches with circular gaps etched in the centers and circular ring metal patches which are distributed in the areas of the corners of the cross metal patches and are connected with the cross metal patches, incident electromagnetic waves can be subjected to a diffuse reflection phenomenon by replacing a metal radiation floor of a microstrip array antenna with the coded super surface, the microstrip array antenna can be ensured to realize RCS reduction of more than 10dB within 5.9-21.7GHz, and the technical problems that the RCS reduction bandwidth of the antenna is narrow and the radiation and scattering performances of the antenna are difficult to take into account in the prior art are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the top surface of a top dielectric plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the top surface of a laminated dielectric slab in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a basic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of obtaining an optimal code sequence matrix by performing binary addition on the obtained two-dimensional code sequence matrix and two-dimensional code sequences arranged at intervals of 0 and 1 on the same scale in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an amplitude response and a phase response of loaded and unloaded fundamental cell regions of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of | S11| according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern at a frequency of 4.5GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram comparing a cross-section of a single-station radar with a PEC at normal incidence of TE-polarized and TM-polarized electromagnetic waves;
figure 10 is a schematic diagram of dual station RCS reduction at oblique incidence of TE-polarized and TM-polarized electromagnetic waves in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention comprises a square upper dielectric plate 1, a middle dielectric plate 2 and a lower dielectric plate 3 which are arranged from top to bottom and are not in contact with each other, wherein the side length of the three dielectric plates is 72mm, the thickness of the three dielectric plates is 1mm, the relative dielectric constant of the three dielectric plates is 4.4, and 4 through holes for metal probes to pass through are arranged at the same positions of the three dielectric plates; the center position of the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 1 is printed with M multiplied by M rectangular microstrip radiating patches 4 which are periodically arranged, M is more than or equal to 2, theoretically, when M is more than or equal to 2, the antenna can ensure good radiation characteristics, and the embodiment M of the invention is 2; the upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric plate 2 is printed with a coding super surface 5, and the coding super surface 5 is formed by respectively arranging a super subunit 51 at the position of the optimal coding sequence matrix with the median value of 1; the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate 3 is printed with a single-input four-output microstrip feed network 6, the microstrip feed network 6 is connected with 4 rectangular microstrip radiation patches 4 through metal probes penetrating through the middle dielectric plate 2 and the upper dielectric plate 1, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 3 is printed with a metal radiation floor 7; the upper dielectric slab 1 and the middle dielectric slab 2 are supported by a foam layer with the same dielectric constant as air, the thickness of the foam layer is 2mm, and the upper dielectric slab 2 and the middle dielectric slab 3 are supported by a plastic foam layer with the same dielectric constant as air, and the thickness of the foam layer is 1 mm.
The 2 × 2 rectangular microstrip radiation patches 4 have a structure shown in fig. 2, the microstrip radiation patches 4 are square, in order to make the present invention have a symmetrical radiation pattern about the center of the upper dielectric slab 1, in this embodiment, 2 × 2 square microstrip radiation patches 4 have centers located on the central normal line of the upper dielectric slab 1, the side length wp of each square microstrip radiation patch 4 is 21.5mm, and the gap D between two adjacent square microstrip radiation patches is 25.25 mm.
Referring to fig. 3, the coded super surface 5 includes two rows of super sub-units 51 and two columns of super sub-units 51, the first row of super sub-units 51 and the first column of super sub-units 51 are respectively located at adjacent edges of the upper surface of the middle dielectric slab 2, the second row of super sub-units 51 and the second column of super sub-units 51 are respectively located at two sides of the super sub-units 51 away from another adjacent edge of the upper surface of the middle dielectric slab 2, the two rows of super sub-units 51 and the two columns of super sub-units 51 have equal lengths and are the sum of the sides of 8 super sub-units 51, and the overlapping portion of each row of super sub-units 51 and each column of super sub-units 51 is etched into a gap; the super subunit 51 includes K × K basic units 511 arranged periodically, where K is greater than or equal to 2, and in order to simulate a periodic boundary condition, K is taken as 3 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 4, the base unit 511 includes a cross-shaped metal patch 5111 having a circular slit etched at the center thereof and a circular ring metal patch 5112 distributed in an area where each corner thereof is located and connected to the cross-shaped metal patch 5111, wherein the cross-shaped metal patch 5111 has a patch width W of 1mm and a patch length L of 5.7mm, where L is 2.35mm, a radius R1 of the circular slit etched at the center of the cross-shaped metal patch 5111 is 1mm, an inner radius R2 of 0.8mm and an outer radius R3 of 1.2 mm; the four circular ring metal patches 5112 are rotationally symmetric about the center of the cross metal patch 5111, and the center of each circular ring metal patch 5112 is located on the angular bisector of the corresponding angle of the area where the circular ring metal patch 5112 is located, and the distance between the center of each circular ring metal patch 5112 and the cross metal patch 5111 is M + W/2-1.65 mm, where M-1.15 mm.
Referring to fig. 5, in order to scatter electromagnetic waves to multiple directions by the coded super-surface 5 and significantly improve the RCS reduction effect, a fast optimization method is used to obtain an optimal coded sequence matrix M3 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1) constructing a super-surface array which is the same scale as the coded super-surface 5 and comprises 8 multiplied by 8 array units, and according to the antenna array theory, when incident electromagnetic waves act on the super-surface array, expressing a scattering field F of the super-surface array through a unit directional diagram EP and an array factor directional diagram AF:
F＝EP·AF
wherein R.gtoreq.2, theta and
individual watchElevation and azimuth, k, of reflected electromagnetic waves0The number of waves is expressed in terms of,
and
respectively representing the phase response of the m-th unit and the n-th unit in two orthogonal directions in the super surface array, d representing the period of the super surface array unit, and thetaiAnd
respectively representing the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the incident electromagnetic wave; from the above formula, it can be seen that the super-surface array can be independently encoded in two orthogonal directions, so we only need to perform algorithm optimization on the first row or the first column in the super-surface array to obtain a one-dimensional encoding sequence matrix, which greatly improves the optimization efficiency and shortens the optimization time;
step 2) constructing a Fitness function Fitness through F, and performing algorithm optimization on the first row of the super-surface array through Fitness, wherein an exhaustive optimization algorithm is adopted in the embodiment of the invention to obtain a one-dimensional coding sequence matrix, the sequence of which is 00101110, and the expression of Fitness is as follows:
Fitness＝min(Fmax)；
and 3) expanding the one-dimensional coding sequence matrix according to an addition theorem to obtain a two-dimensional coding sequence matrix M1, wherein the two-dimensional coding sequence matrix arranged at intervals of 0 and 1 can divide scattered electromagnetic waves into four beams to minimize backward scattering, so that binary addition operation is performed on the two-dimensional coding sequence matrix M1 and the two-dimensional coding sequence matrix M2 arranged at intervals of 0 and 1 on the same scale to obtain the optimal coding sequence matrix M3 of the embodiment of the invention.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the microstrip array antenna of the embodiment adopts 2 × 2 square microstrip radiating patches which are periodically arranged, the four output ends of the microstrip feed network are respectively connected with the microstrip radiation patch by the metal probe penetrating through the middle-layer dielectric plate and the upper-layer dielectric plate, the microstrip feed network equally divides input energy into four equal output energies and feeds the microstrip radiation patch through the metal probe, meanwhile, a super subunit is respectively arranged at the position with the median value of 1 in the optimal coding sequence matrix to form a coding super surface, and the metal radiation floor of the microstrip antenna array is replaced by the metal radiation floor, and through theoretical calculation, when the metal radiation floor is in the working frequency band of the microstrip array antenna, the phase response of the encoded metasurface is identical to that of the radiating metal floor, whereas outside the operating band of the microstrip array antenna, the coded super-surface enables incident electromagnetic waves to generate diffuse reflection, thereby ensuring that the antenna has good radiation performance and realizing remarkable RCS reduction effect.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation conditions and contents:
1.1 simulation calculations were performed using commercial simulation software HFSS-15.0 on the amplitude response and phase response of the loaded and unloaded base unit areas of the above described embodiment in the range of 2GHz-23GHz, with the results shown in FIG. 6, where: fig. 6(a) is a graph of the reflection amplitude of loaded and unloaded elementary cell areas in an embodiment of the invention, and fig. 6(b) is a graph of the reflection phase of loaded and unloaded elementary cell areas in an embodiment of the invention.
1.2 simulation calculations were performed on | S11| of the above embodiment in the range of 3.5GHz-5GHz using the commercial simulation software HFSS _15.0, the results of which are shown in FIG. 7.
1.3 simulation calculations were performed using commercial simulation software HFSS _15.0 on the far-field radiation pattern of the above embodiment at 4.5GHz, the results are shown in FIG. 8, where: fig. 8(a) shows an E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna of the present invention, and fig. 8(b) shows an H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna of the present invention.
1.4 simulation calculations were performed on the single station radar cross section of the above embodiment under perpendicular irradiation of electromagnetic waves using the commercial simulation software HFSS _15.0, the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave varying from 1GHz to 23 GHz. The results are shown in FIG. 9, where: FIG. 9(a) is a graph comparing the cross-section of a single station radar of the present invention as a function of frequency under perpendicular irradiation of TE polarized electromagnetic waves with a PEC of the same size; FIG. 9(b) is a graph comparing the cross-section of a single station radar of the present invention as a function of frequency under perpendicular irradiation of TM polarized electromagnetic waves with a PEC of the same size.
1.5 the commercial simulation software HFSS _15.0 is used to perform simulation calculation on the reduction of the cross section of the two-station radar in the case of oblique irradiation of electromagnetic waves in the above embodiment, wherein the incident angle theta is 15 degrees, 30 degrees and 45 degrees respectively, and the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave is changed from 1GHz to 23 GHz. The results are shown in FIG. 10, where: FIG. 10(a) is a cross-section reduction curve diagram of a two-station radar according to the embodiment of the present invention when the antenna is obliquely irradiated by TE polarized electromagnetic waves and the frequency thereof changes; fig. 10(b) is a graph showing the cross-sectional reduction of the two-station radar according to the embodiment of the present invention, when the TM polarized electromagnetic wave is obliquely irradiated, as a function of the frequency.
2. And (3) simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 6, in the embodiment of the present invention, the reflection amplitudes of the loaded and unloaded basic cell regions are both close to 1 within 5GHz to 21GHz, the total reflection characteristic of the electromagnetic wave can be realized, and the reflection phase difference between the two can be realized by 180 ° ± 37 °.
Referring to fig. 7, the array antenna of the embodiment of the invention has an operating bandwidth of 3.9GHz to 4.92GHz (23.1% relative bandwidth) under the condition that | S11| is less than-10 dB, and the array antenna of the embodiment of the invention has good broadband impedance matching characteristics.
Referring to fig. 8(a) and 8(b), the maximum radiation direction of the array antenna at the frequency point of 4.5GHz is perpendicular to the surface of the radiation unit, and the maximum gain is 12.67 dBi.
Referring to fig. 9(a) and 9(b), when TE-polarized and TM-polarized plane waves perpendicularly irradiate the surface of the array antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, RCS reduction of more than 10dB is achieved in a 5.9GHz to 21.7GHz band (114.5% relative bandwidth), which indicates that the array antenna of the embodiment of the present invention achieves low radar cross-section characteristics in a wide frequency band, and has better wideband RCS reduction effect compared with the antenna of the prior art.
Referring to fig. 10(a) and 10(b), when TE-polarized and TM-polarized plane waves are obliquely irradiated onto the surface of the array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, three oblique incidence cases (θ ═ 15 °, 30 ° and 45 °) are considered here, and the array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention can also maintain a good RCS reduction effect.
The simulation results show that the invention can realize remarkable RCS reduction effect while ensuring radiation performance.
The above description and examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes in form and detail may be made based on the principle and construction of the present invention after understanding the content and design principle of the present invention, but such modifications and changes based on the inventive concept are still within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on a coded super surface is characterized by comprising a square upper-layer dielectric plate (1), a middle-layer dielectric plate (2) and a lower-layer dielectric plate (3), which are arranged from top to bottom and are not in contact with each other; m multiplied by M rectangular microstrip radiation patches (4) which are periodically arranged are printed at the central position of the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate (1), wherein M is more than or equal to 2; the upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric plate (2) is printed with a coding super surface (5), and the coding super surface (5) is formed by respectively arranging a super subunit (51) at the position of the optimal coding sequence matrix with the median value of 1; the super subunit (51) comprises K multiplied by K basic units (511) which are periodically arranged, wherein K is more than or equal to 2, each basic unit (511) comprises a cross-shaped metal patch (5111) with a circular gap etched in the center and circular ring metal patches (5112) which are distributed in the area where each corner of the cross-shaped metal patch is located and connected with the cross-shaped metal patch (5111), the four circular ring metal patches (5112) are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the cross-shaped metal patch (5111), and each circular ring metal patch (5112) is located on the angular division line of the corner corresponding to the area where the circular ring metal patch is located; the upper surface of the lower medium plate (3) is printed with a single input M2The micro-strip feed network (6) is connected with the micro-strip radiation patch (4) through a metal probe penetrating through the middle-layer dielectric plate (2) and the upper-layer dielectric plate (1), and a metal radiation floor (7) is printed on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric plate (3).
2. The broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on the coded super surface according to claim 1, wherein the centers of the M x M rectangular microstrip radiation patches (4) arranged periodically are located on the central normal of the upper dielectric plate (1).
3. The broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on the coded super-surface according to claim 1, wherein the optimal coded sequence matrix is obtained by a fast optimization method, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1) constructing a super-surface array which is in the same scale as the coded super-surface (5) and comprises R multiplied by R array units, and according to the antenna array theory, when incident electromagnetic waves act on the super-surface array, representing a scattered field F of the super-surface array through a unit directional diagram EP and an array factor directional diagram AF:
F＝EP·AF
wherein R.gtoreq.2, theta and
respectively representing the elevation and azimuth of the reflected electromagnetic wave, k0The number of waves is expressed in terms of,
and
respectively representing the phase response of the m-th unit and the n-th unit in two orthogonal directions in the super surface array, d representing the period of the super surface array unit, and thetaiAnd
respectively representing the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the incident electromagnetic wave;
step 2) constructing a Fitness function Fitness through F, and exhaustively optimizing the first row of the super-surface array through the Fitness to obtain a one-dimensional coding sequence matrix, wherein the expression of the Fitness is as follows:
Fitness＝min(Fmax)；
and 3) expanding the one-dimensional coding sequence matrix according to an addition theorem to obtain a two-dimensional coding sequence matrix, and performing binary addition operation on the two-dimensional coding sequence matrix and the two-dimensional coding sequence matrix which is arranged at intervals of 0 and 1 in the same scale to obtain an optimal coding sequence matrix.
4. The broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on the coded super-surface of claim 1, wherein the sum of the radius R1 of the circular slot etched in the center of the cross-shaped metal patch (5111) and the inner radius R2 of the circular ring metal patch (5112) is smaller than the distance between the center of the cross-shaped metal patch (5111) and the center of the circular ring metal patch (5112).
5. The broadband low-scattering microstrip array antenna based on the coded super surface of claim 1, wherein the circular ring metal patch (5112) has its center located on the angular bisector of the angle corresponding to the area where it is located.
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| CN112768892B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-05-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Low RCS (Radar Cross section) super-surface antenna array based on coding idea and design method thereof |
| CN113206392B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-05-24 | 德州学院 | Microstrip array antenna with reduced scattering cross section of in-band radar |
| CN113690597B (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2024-03-26 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司镇江供电分公司 | Low-profile broadband circularly polarized antenna based on super surface |
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