CN112216993A - Ultra-thin ultra-wideband chessboard structure RCS reduced super surface - Google Patents
Ultra-thin ultra-wideband chessboard structure RCS reduced super surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN112216993A CN112216993A CN202011010696.8A CN202011010696A CN112216993A CN 112216993 A CN112216993 A CN 112216993A CN 202011010696 A CN202011010696 A CN 202011010696A CN 112216993 A CN112216993 A CN 112216993A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of novel artificial electromagnetic materials, and particularly relates to an ultra-thin and ultra-wide band chessboard structure RCS reduced super surface. Based on the AMC structure of the artificial magnetic conductor, basic units 0 and 1 are arranged in an array mode to form super units 0 and 1 through the design of top metal patterns of a composite structure of the two super surface basic units and the further selection of materials and sizes, and then the two super units are obtained according to a chessboard structure design. In the 8-12GHz wave band, the phase difference can meet the RCS reduction requirement in a wider frequency band, and the method is suitable for high-temperature environments. The invention has thinner super surface thickness, medium thickness of 2.3mm and overall super surface thickness of 2.37mm, which is reduced by 0.7mm compared with the prior art; the frequency band is wide, the reduction effect is good, the bandwidth of more than 10dB can reach 3GHz, the relative bandwidth can reach 26.9%, and the maximum RCS reduction value is 25dB when the RCS module works at 8-12 GHz; the technical problems that the super surface reduces the thickness of the super surface while ensuring the bandwidth and can be applied to a high-temperature environment are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of novel artificial electromagnetic materials, and particularly relates to an ultra-thin and ultra-wide band chessboard structure RCS (Radar Cross Section) reduced super surface.
Background
The super surface is an artificial composite structure formed by arranging and combining according to a certain arrangement. Different from the traditional materials in the nature, the super surface can adjust and control the electromagnetic parameters of the material per se by adjusting the parameters of the structure, and the main principle is that the propagation property of electromagnetic waves is changed by introducing phase mutation.
The super surface only considers two dimensions, so the super surface has the characteristics of thin thickness, light weight and the like, and in addition, the super surface is flexible in design and can adjust the frequency band of action. By adjusting the super-surface material, the size structure and other methods, the working frequency band of the super-surface can be widened to terahertz and light wave bands. For super-surface applications, it has been found internationally that: negative refractive index, stealth cloak, reverse doppler phenomenon, super-absorption, and the like. However, the disadvantage of the super-surface is also obvious, that is, because the working mechanism of the super-surface is mainly based on electromagnetic resonance, when the frequency of the electromagnetic wave deviates from the resonance point, the super-surface cannot meet the condition of impedance matching, and the working bandwidth is very narrow.
The working mechanism of the Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) structure for reducing the target RCS is that the Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) unit and the AMC unit forming the chessboard structure form a phase difference, resulting in interference cancellation between reflected waves. By utilizing the characteristic that the phase difference between the AMC unit and the PEC unit is 180 degrees, the AMC unit and the PEC unit are alternately arranged to form a chessboard structure, so that the reflected electromagnetic waves in the vertical incidence direction are mutually counteracted, and the purpose of reducing RCS is achieved. However, the super-surface interaction bandwidth based on AMC and PEC is relatively narrow. The design patterns of the existing super surface are generally the same pattern, and the super surface of the same pattern is difficult to meet the phase difference requirement. In current research, although the relative bandwidth that can reach 8.6 dBARCS reduction is 32%, its thickness is 3mm and above, and the commonly used dielectric material is FR-4, which cannot be used under high temperature conditions.
Based on the above description, it can be seen that how to reduce the thickness of the super-surface while ensuring the bandwidth becomes an urgent problem to be solved by the current super-surface.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems or the defects, the technical problems that the thickness of the existing super surface is reduced while the bandwidth is ensured and the super surface can be applied to a high-temperature environment are solved; the invention provides an ultra-thin and ultra-wide band chessboard structure RCS reduced super surface based on ZrO2Considering the design of two AMC structures for compounding, the action bandwidth is widened, a new super-surface pattern is designed according to the phase cancellation principle, the phase difference of two super-surface basic units meets 180 degrees +/-37 degrees at 8-12GHz, RCS reduction of more than 10dB with the relative bandwidth of 26.9% is achieved, and the method is suitable for high-temperature environments.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a chessboard structure RCS (Radar Cross Section) reduced super surface of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband is composed of a bottom plate metal layer, a middle medium layer and a top layer graphic unit.
The top layer graph unit comprises two basic units, namely 0 and 1 respectively, wherein graphs are arranged in the middle of a square with the side length of a, and then the two basic units are arranged by taking the square with the side length of a as a reference; the graph of the basic unit 0 is a circle, and the graph of the basic unit 1 is a petal-like pattern formed by clockwise rotating a square with the side length b by 45 degrees by using the center point of the square and removing the overlapped part of the two squares before and after the rotation; the same basic units 0 and 1 are respectively arranged into super unit 0 and 1 arrays according to the same combination of more than or equal to 3X3, and then the super units 0 and 1 are arranged in a chessboard mode to form the whole ultra-thin ultra-wideband chessboard structure RCS reduced super surface so as to achieve the purpose of reducing RCS. The phase difference between the two super units 0 and 1 meets 180 degrees +/-37 degrees, and reflected waves are mutually counteracted.
According to the design principle of the chessboard structure, the reflection amplitudes of the two super units are the same, the reflection phase difference is pi, so that RCS is reduced as much as possible, but in practical application, the requirement for reducing RCS is more than 10dB, namely the super surface meets the design requirement, and therefore the phase difference of the two structures is 180 +/-37 degrees.
The design principle of the ultra-thin ultra-wideband chessboard structure RCS reduction super surface is that reflection amplitudes of two super surface structures are the same, a phase difference between the two super surface structures is pi, and reflected electromagnetic waves of the two super surface structures are mutually offset, so that the effect of reducing the RCS is achieved.
Furthermore, the metal material used for the bottom plate metal layer is gold, the melting point of the metal material is 1064 ℃, the medium material is zirconium dioxide, the melting point of the medium material is about 2700 ℃, and the super-surface characteristic can be still maintained at the high temperature of 1000 ℃, so that the bottom plate metal layer is suitable for the high-temperature environment.
The invention is based on an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) structure, and after basic units 0 and 1 are arranged in an array mode to form super units 0 and 1 through the design of top metal patterns of a composite structure of the two super surface basic units and the further selection of materials and sizes, the two super units are obtained according to a chessboard structure design. In the 8-12GHz wave band, the phase difference can meet the RCS reduction requirement in a wider frequency band, and the method is suitable for high-temperature environments. The invention has thinner super surface thickness, medium thickness of 2.3mm and overall super surface thickness of 2.37mm, which is reduced by 0.7mm compared with the prior art; the frequency band is wide, the reduction effect is good, the bandwidth of more than 10dB can reach 3GHz, the relative bandwidth can reach 26.9%, and the maximum RCS reduction value is 25dB when the RCS module works at 8-12 GHz; the technical problems that the super surface reduces the thickness of the super surface while ensuring the bandwidth and can be applied to a high-temperature environment are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a "0" unit according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the unit "1" in the first embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the reflection amplitude of two cells of example one.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the reflection phase of two cells of the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a super surface super cell structure of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a super surface unit checkerboard structure of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph of RCS for TE and TM waves incident perpendicularly.
FIG. 8 is a graph of RCS reduction for TE and TM waves at normal incidence.
FIG. 9 is the two-dimensional pattern of RCS of the super-surface and RCS of the same size metal plate at different frequencies of the second embodiment: (a) the RCS two-dimensional directional diagram of the metal plate with the same size at 8 GHz; (b) an RCS two-dimensional directional diagram of the super surface at 8 GHz; (c) the RCS two-dimensional directional diagram of the metal plate with the same size at 10.7 GHz; (d) an RCS two-dimensional directional diagram of the super-surface at 10.7 GHz; (e) the RCS two-dimensional directional diagram of the metal plate with the same size at 12 GHz; (f) RCS two-dimensional pattern of the super-surface at 12 GHz.
FIG. 10 is a three-dimensional scattergram of the hyper-surface RCS at different frequencies: (a) RCS three-dimensional scattering diagram of the super surface at 8 GHz; (b) RCS three-dimensional scattering diagram of the super surface at 10.7 GHz; (c) RCS three-dimensional scattergram of the super-surface at 12 GHz.
Fig. 11 is a graph of RCS in the mirror direction for different angles of incidence.
Fig. 12 is a plot of RCS reduction in the mirror direction for different angles of incidence.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, the super-surface basic unit 0 is composed of a bottom metal plate, a middle dielectric layer and an uppermost artificial surface electromagnetic structure; a round artificial surface electromagnetic structure with the radius R is arranged in the middle of a square with the side length of a, and the material of the round artificial surface electromagnetic structure is gold.
As shown in fig. 2, the super-surface basic unit 1 is composed of a bottom metal plate, a middle dielectric layer and an uppermost artificial surface electromagnetic structure; the graph of the basic unit 1 is a petal-like pattern which is formed by clockwise rotating a square with the side length b by 45 degrees with the center point thereof and then removing the overlapped part of the two squares before and after the rotation; the materials and geometrical parameters of the metal bottom plate and the dielectric layer are the same as those in FIG. 1.
According to the design principle of the chessboard structure, the reflection amplitudes of the two units are the same, the reflection phase difference is pi, so that RCS is reduced as much as possible, but in practical application, the requirement for reducing RCS is more than 10dB, namely the super surface meets the design requirement, and therefore, the phase difference of the two structures is 180 degrees +/-37 degrees.
In this embodiment, the side length a of the basic unit is 7.5mm, the material used for the bottom plate and the artificial surface electromagnetic structure is gold, the conductivity is 4.561X10^7S/m, the thickness t is 0.035mm, the medium layer is ZrO2Dielectric constant εrThe tangent loss tg δ is 0.001, the dielectric thickness d is 2.3mm, and the pattern of elementary units 0 and 1 is centered on the dielectric surface, 9.6. The radius R of the circle of the surface of the basic unit 0 is 0.5mm as shown in fig. 1. The unit 1 is obtained by rotating a square with the side length b equal to 3.5mm by 45 degrees and removing the part which is overlapped with the original square, wherein the included angle alpha is equal to 135 degrees, as shown in fig. 2. A simulation model is established by using electromagnetic simulation software (CST studios), and the reflection amplitude shown in the figure 3 and the reflection phase and phase difference result shown in the figure 4 are obtained, the reflection amplitudes of the two units are the same at 8-12GHz, and the phase difference meets the design requirement at 8-11.5 GHz.
To achieve better scattering effect, the same basic cell (0 or 1 cell) is grouped into a super cell with dimension 5 × 5, as shown in fig. 5. Since the two basic cells satisfy the phase difference requirement, the super cell composed of the basic cells also satisfies the phase difference requirement. The formed super cells are arranged in the sequence of 0101 …/1010 … to form an array of 6 rows and 6 columns, and the size of the whole super surface structure is 225mmX225mm, as shown in FIG. 6.
Because the pattern design of the invention is centrosymmetric and is positioned in the center of the whole structure, the invention is insensitive to TE waves and TM waves. The single station RCS result shown in figure 7 can be obtained through electromagnetic simulation software, and compared with a metal plate with the same size, the single station RCS reduction result shown in figure 8 can be obtained, and it can be found that 8-9GHz partial frequency points meet the reduction requirement of 10dB, 9-11.8GHz basically meets the reduction requirement of 10dB, and under the frequency of 10.7GHz, the reduction amount of 25dB is achieved.
In simulation software, field monitors at different frequencies are set to obtain RCS three-dimensional scattering directional diagrams at different frequencies, and FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are super-surface directional diagrams at 8GHz, 10.7GHz and 12GHz, and the results are compared with those of metal plates with the same size. In a two-dimensional directional diagram, a metal plate has an obvious main lobe in the vertical direction, the energy is concentrated, and sidelobes appear on the super-surface under the frequencies of 8GHz, 10.7GHz and 12GHz obviously, so that the energy in the vertical direction is reduced, and the purpose of reducing RCS is achieved. Wherein, 10.7GHz sidelobe is more obvious, the energy in the vertical direction is less, make it reach the maximum reduction 25dB at this frequency point.
According to an embodiment, the RCS reduction at oblique incidence to the super-surface is explored. When the incident wave is a TM wave, the incident angle is changed from 0 degrees to 60 degrees, RCS measurement is carried out in the mirror image direction by using electromagnetic simulation software, the result shown in figure 11 is obtained, and compared with a metal plate with the same size, the RCS reduction amount shown in figure 12 is obtained, the RCS reduction amount of more than 10dB can be basically maintained in a wide frequency range when the super surface is obliquely incident, and the reliability of the invention is further proved.
The super-surface thickness of the invention is thinner, the thickness of the medium is d equal to 2.3mm, the whole super-surface thickness is 2.37mm, and the thickness is reduced by 0.7mm compared with the prior art. Wide frequency band and good reduction effect. The bandwidth of more than 10dB can reach 3GHz, the relative bandwidth can reach 26.9%, and the maximum RCS reduction value is 25dB when the broadband antenna works at 8-12 GHz. And the bottom plate metal layer is made of gold, the melting point is 1064 ℃, the dielectric material is zirconium dioxide, the melting point is about 2700 ℃, and the super-surface characteristic can be still maintained at the high temperature of 1000 ℃, so that the bottom plate is suitable for the high-temperature environment.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a super surface of ultra-thin ultra wide band's chess board structure RCS reduction, comprises bottom plate metal level, middle dielectric layer and top graphic element, its characterized in that:
the top layer graph unit comprises two basic units, namely 0 and 1 respectively, wherein graphs are arranged in the middle of a square with the side length of a, and then the two basic units are arranged by taking the square with the side length of a as a reference;
the graph of the basic unit 0 is a circle, and the graph of the basic unit 1 is a petal-like pattern formed by clockwise rotating a square with the side length b by 45 degrees by using the center point of the square and removing the overlapped part of the two squares before and after the rotation;
respectively setting the same basic units 0 and 1 into super units 0 and 1 according to the same combination of more than or equal to 3X3, and then arranging the super units 0 and 1 in a chessboard mode to form the whole ultra-thin ultra-wideband chessboard structure RCS reduced super surface; the two superunits 0 and 1 are out of phase by 180 ° ± 37 °.
2. The ultra-thin ultra-wideband checkerboard RCS reduced super-surface of claim 1, wherein: the metal material used for the bottom plate metal layer is gold, and the thickness t is 0.035 mm; the dielectric material is zirconium dioxide, and the thickness d is 2.3 mm; the overall super-surface thickness is 2.37 mm.
3. The ultra-thin ultra-wideband checkerboard RCS reduced super-surface of claim 1, wherein: the a is 7.5mm, the circular radius R of the basic unit 0 is 0.5mm, and the basic unit 1 is obtained by rotating a square with the side length b of 3.5mm by 45 °.
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